Criminal Justice

Question 1 of 40

2.5 Points

Which case established criteria for transferring juvenile offenders into adult court?

A. Kent v. United States

B. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

C. Breed v. Jones

D. Schall v. Martin

Question 2 of 40

2.5 Points

Many female youth gang members have been what?

A. former honor role students

B. sexually abused at home

C. convicted of homicide

D. gainfully employed

Question 3 of 40

2.5 Points

In re Winship held that delinquency must be established how?

A. to the court’s satisfaction

B. by clear and convincing evidence

C. by a preponderance of the evidence

D. beyond a reasonable doubt

Question 4 of 40

2.5 Points

Ex Parte Crouse, built around the doctrine of parens patriae, clarified the power states had over what?

A. sentencing children to death

B. committing children to institutions

C. holding children in pretrial detention

D. managing status offenders

Question 5 of 40

2.5 Points

Which of the following categories of children “violate laws written only for children?”

A. undisciplined children

B. delinquent children

C. dependent children

D. status offenders

Question 6 of 40

2.5 Points

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania held that juveniles do not have the constitutional right to what?

A. a free lawyer if they cannot afford one

B. bail

C. appeal

D. a jury trial

Question 7 of 40

2.5 Points

Which of the following is not a characteristic of hybrid gangs?

A. They are more violent than in the past.

B. There are more female members than in the past.

C. The members are younger than in the past.

D. The majority of the members are Caucasian.

Question 8 of 40

2.5 Points

In the 2011 Monitoring the Future (MTF. survey by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, for the first time, high school seniors reported the use of which synthetic drug?

A. PCP

B. LSD

C. cocaine

D. marijuana

Question 9 of 40

2.5 Points

Which case determined that juveniles cannot be tried in both juvenile and adult courts for the same offense?

A. Kent v. United States

B. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

C. Breed v. Jones

D. Schall v. Martin

Question 10 of 40

2.5 Points

Which of the following has been a response to recent violence on school property?

A. teaching strategies for responding to shooters

B. screening for weapons at school

C. creating laws making schools “gun free” zones

D. all of the above

Question 11 of 40

2.5 Points

Bullying has been identified as a common factor associated with what?

A. school shooters

B. juvenile delinquents

C. poor parenting

D. poor grades

Question 12 of 40

2.5 Points

A new type of youth gang that is school based and less organized in criminal activity is what?

A. foster gang

B. relative gang

C. comparative gang

D. hybrid gang

Question 13 of 40

2.5 Points

In colonial America, a juvenile was considered to be an adult in court at what age?

A. seven

B. nine

C. twelve

D. fourteen

Question 14 of 40

2.5 Points

Which case established that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial?

A. Kent v. United States

B. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

C. Breed v. Jones

D. Schall v. Martin

Question 15 of 40

2.5 Points

There has been a 300% increase the past 10 years in school-based incidents being referred to what courts?

A. teen courts

B. district courts

C. juvenile courts

D. circuit courts

Question 16 of 40

2.5 Points

If a juvenile is charged with a status offense, what is the lowest evidentiary standard that can be used by the judge to support the finding?

A. beyond a reasonable doubt

B. preponderance of the evidence

C. what is fair

D. least restrictive alternative

Question 17 of 40

2.5 Points

Which of the following is NOT a situation in which the juvenile court would assume authority over a juvenile?

A. The juvenile’s welfare was threatened.

B. The juvenile was mentally ill.

C. The juvenile was a status offender.

D. The juvenile was a delinquent.

Question 18 of 40

2.5 Points

When an act, such as “running away from home,” is legal for adults but illegal for juveniles, it is called what type of offense?

A. status offense

B. juvenile delinquent offense

C. capital offense

D. minor offense

Question 19 of 40

2.5 Points

The first juvenile court was established in 1899 in the state of

A. California

B. Texas

C. Wisconsin

D. Illinois

Question 20 of 40

2.5 Points

The common law principle of parens patriae allows what?

A. allowed the state to take the place of parents

B. allowed the parents to disown their children

C. allowed children to become independent for “informing” on their parents

D. allowed the state to sue parents for neglect

Question 21 of 40

2.5 Points

Religious groups that provide vocational training combined with religious instruction to inmates are known as what type of program?

A. citizen-based programs

B. faith-based programs

C. community-based programs

D. spiritual programs

Question 22 of 40

2.5 Points

Traditional incarceration, probation and parole are what?

A. proving to be highly effective

B. still being studied as to their effectiveness

C. failing to stem the tide of prisoners returning to jail after release

D. the focus of expanded plans for the correctional

Question 23 of 40

2.5 Points

Persons who use drugs relatively infrequently and define drug use as pleasurable are called what?

A. drug addicts

B. recreational drug users

C. psychoactive substance abusers

D. alcoholics

Question 24 of 40

2.5 Points

The belief that all controlled substances are potentially harmful and that drug abusers are victimized by the disease of addiction is called what?

A. “legalist”

B. “cost-benefit specifism”

C. “public health generalism”

D. “reform-minded”

Question 25 of 40

2.5 Points

Of the types of drugs discussed, which one has been said to commonly increase aggression?

A. cocaine

B. alcohol

C. marijuana

D. heroin

Question 26 of 40

2.5 Points

Legalization is a radical approach to solving the drug program. Opponents to legalization say the approach is immoral and impractical. A compromise approach that would make drugs legally available, but only through certain institutions and professions, is known as what type of model?

A. compromise

B. limitation

C. half way

D. partial

Question 27 of 40

2.5 Points

The legalization of drugs would do what?

A. eliminate laws and criminal penalties

B. provide free samples

C. make certain previously criminal behaviors “ticketable” rather than “arrestable”

D. only allow doctors or pharmacists to dispense them

Question 28 of 40

2.5 Points

How is drug abuse defined?

A. illicit use of specific drugs identified by the DEA as illegal

B. overuse of prescription and nonprescription drugs

C. illicit drug use that results in social, economic, psychological, or legal problems for the user

D. use of drugs without medical prescription

Question 29 of 40

2.5 Points

In contrast to the traditional adjudication process, drug court programs are what?

A. highly ineffective

B. successfully reducing recidivism

C. under question as to their effectiveness

D. more expensive than straight incarceration

Question 30 of 40

2.5 Points

Which piece of drug legislation provided for capital punishment for drug-related murders?

A. Anti-Drug Abuse Act

B. Controlled Substances Act

C. Harrison Act

D. Marijuana Tax Act

Question 31 of 40

2.5 Points

What term explains the authorization of judicial representatives to seize all monies, negotiable instruments, securities, or other things of value furnished or intended to be furnished by any person in exchange for a controlled substance, and all proceeds traceable to such and exchange?

A. narcoterrorism

B. forfeiture

C. money laundering

D. bordering

Question 32 of 40

2.5 Points

Intensive probation supervision focuses on smaller case loads and what?

A. more emphasis on offender compliance

B. less frequent home contacts

C. fewer meeting with the probation officer

D. more forgiving about technical violations

Question 33 of 40

2.5 Points

According to the Harrison Act, any person dealing in opium, morphine, heroin, or cocaine would have to do what?

A. pay a tax of $1.00 per year

B. provide all of their records to federal law enforcement

C. have an office accessible to all populations

D. report any signs of drug abuse to a local treatment facility

Question 34 of 40

2.5 Points

What would be the greatest advantage for an inmate using a Day Reporting Center?

A. being able to maintain employment

B. having a flexible daily schedule

C. being able to attend church

D. being able to visit family members

Question 35 of 40

2.5 Points

Which of the following is a community-based intermediate sanction?

A. reporting to a parole officer on a weekly basis

B. publicly apologizing to the victim

C. home confinement and electronic monitoring

D. serving less than one year in jail

Question 36 of 40

2.5 Points

Which of the following would be considered the most difficult issue facing an ex-offender upon his or her return to society?

A. finding a literacy program

B. obtaining a driver’s license

C. earning a high school equivalency

D. finding gainful employment

Question 37 of 40

2.5 Points

The first major piece of federal antidrug legislation was which act?

A. Harrison Act

B. Narcotic Control Act

C. Marijuana Tax Act

D. Controlled Substances Act

Question 38 of 40

2.5 Points

Which U.S. President stepped up the “War on Drugs”?

A. Jimmy Carter

B. Ronald Reagan

C. George Bush

D. Bill Clinton

Question 39 of 40

2.5 Points

What are treatment programs designed to support the transition of offenders from prison back into the community known as?

A. retributive corrections

B. community-based corrections

C. parole services

D. determinate sentencing

Question 40 of 40

2.5 Points

Halfway houses are considered what?

A. a court ordered sanction

B. a transition program moving from prison back to the community in steps

C. solely a parole board decision

D. a home confinement program