Need help with a Project (Part 1)

Sample APA Paper 1

Use an abbreviated title as a header on each page

Sample APA Paper

Ivy Tech College Librarians

T A I N C N D

Center this information from top to bottom and left to right Instructor’s Name

Course XXX-XX

February 18, 2004

*In APA use a traditional font type (i.e. Times New Roman or Arial), either 10 or 12 font size and double space the entire document

Start the page numbers on the title

itle

uthor

nstructor’s ame

ourse and umber

ue date

Sample APA Paper 2 Center the title on the first page of the text. Note that it is in the same font size as the paper itself and there is no bold print, etc.

Sample APA Paper Subject headings may be used if they fit with the style of the paper Introduction

Approximately 14 million women in the United States are battling with the

disease Anorexia Nervosa, AN, which is described as “one of the least

understood and most intractable of all mental illnesses” (Schindehette, Sandler,

Nelson and Seaman, 2003, p. 136). Many of the victims of this disease will battle

it for the rest of their lives. However, if AN is diagnosed early, during the teen

years, it is possible to cure it with appropriate treatment (Cooper, 2001).

Therefore, adolescent women struggling with AN need effective treatment, and

today, after four decades of research, there is an increasing number of treatment

options ranging from counseling, to nutritional therapy, to medication. Yet, some

researchers and victims still advocate that there is a need for further research in

this area (Kaplan, 2002; Hendricks, 2003).

When doing an in-text citation for a direct quote, make sure to use the author, year published and the page number

Treatments

Upon recognizing symptoms, such as strict dieting, weight loss, binge

*Note that if a date of publication is not known for a source, n.d., for no date, may be used in a citation in lieu of the date

Example of citing two authors; separate each with a semi- colon

eating or fasting, feeling dizzy, weak, and/or depressed, in addition to insomnia,

family members should seek out the advice of a health care provider. The health

care provider will take a complete medical history as well as do a physical

examination (Cooper, 2001). After this process is complete, then the doctor can

begin treating the patient with AN, which may include referrals to specialists in

counseling, nutrition and other medical fields.

When doing an in-text citation for a para- phrase, only cite the author and year

*In APA set the margins to one inch

Sample APA Paper 3

Counseling

One of the more traditional forms of treatment is counseling, which is also

referred to as psychotherapy. The goal of psychotherapy is to work with the

patient so that through therapy she will be able to control her eating and maintain

her body weight. There are two primary types of psychotherapy, and they are

individual therapy and family therapy.

Individual Therapy

Individual therapy counsels one on one with the patient. Sometimes there

is a team of medical specialists, yet the therapy sessions are between the patient

and her doctor(s). This type of therapy has mixed results. According to an

article in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent

Psychiatry (1999), individual therapy is superior when used in treating older

adolescents and those who have late-onset AN (Robin et al.), and a 2003

publication in The American Journal of Psychiatry concurs with this finding (Pike,

Walsh, Vitousek, Wilson and Bauer). However, both articles’ findings state that

individual therapy is not the best treatment for young adolescents or those with

early-onset AN.

Family Therapy

While individual therapy does not work well with young adolescents or

patients with early-onset AN, family therapy seems to have made significant

strides in treating this group of patients. In fact the Canadian Journal of

Psychiatry stated, “without the involvement of the parents and family as

therapeutic allies, weight gain is extremely difficult to achieve” (Geist, Heinmaa

Note when more than six individuals author some- thing, cite the first author’s last name and refer to the others as et al

The date is not given in this in-text citation since it is used in the sentence before the citation

,

Sample APA Paper 4

Stephens, Davis and Katzman, 2000). Family therapy may not only employ the

assistance of parents and other family members, it can also call on schools and

friends as part of the treatment strategy.

One such strategy is a program called the Maudsley Method. This

radically new treatment option was developed in the 1980’s at the Institute of

Psychiatry and Maudsley Hospital in London. This method “coaches parents to

help their kids gain weight by whatever means necessary—by preparing their

favorite foods, with 24-hour monitoring to prevent purging and hours of cajoling at

the dinner table” (Schindehette, Sandler, Nelson and Seaman, 2003, p. 136).

An example of how involved the parents are in this treatment is seen in

Abbie’s story. Abbie, at her low point, weighed only 68 pounds at 17 years old.

Usually dinner was a struggle for the entire family as Abbie tried almost anything

to avoid food. She would literally squeeze butter out of toast and wipe it on her

hands like lotion; all so she could keep away from putting anything with caloric

content into her mouth. Then Abbie’s parents learned of the Maudsley Method

and started her in it. Shortly after starting the program, her parents had her

wearing white gloves to dinner. The objective was that the food went in its

entirety into her mouth not on or under the table or massaged into her skin. The

gloves were to be clean at the end of the meal. Her parents said, “If she slopped

some milk on the table, she’d lick it up. She knew that, no matter what, she had

to eat it all” (Schindehette, Sandler, Nelson and Seaman, 2003, p. 136). Overall,

in this family based therapy program the Maudsley Method, the parents are

Sample APA Paper 5

empowered to use food as medicine and to go to extreme measures to ensure

that the medicine stays in their patient.

Many studies report significantly greater success with family based

therapy. People magazine (2003) reports that while the mortality rates for AN

still average around 5 to 20 percent, the Maudsley Method is reporting success

rates as high as 90 percent five years after treatment was initially sought. Other

studies agree that family therapy is one of the best treatments for young

adolescents and those with early-onset AN (Robin et al., 1999; Geist, Heinmaa,

Stephens, Davis and Katzman, 2000).

Nutritional Therapy

While individual and family therapy are two of the more traditional

methods of treating AN, nutritional therapy, which is called psychoeducational

therapy, is also commonly used. The aim of psychoeducation is the process of

giving information about the nature of the disease in hopes to cultivate behavioral

and attitudinal changes in the patient. Furthermore, a study has reported that

family based psychoeducation produces the same results as family therapy while

costing less (Geist, Heinmaa, Stephens, Davis and Katzman, 2000). However,

these results may not be replicated with a group of older adolescents (Pike,

Walsh, Vitousek, Wilson and Bauer, 2003).

Medication

Medication is another method used to treat AN. Using medication,

pharmacological therapy, to treat AN also has some promising results.

According to European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, “recent evidence

Sample APA Paper 6

suggests a role for medication in the relapse prevention stage of the illness”

(Kotler and Walsh, 2000). Medication is commonly used along with another form

of treatment, as are many of the treatments, too. This is referred to as a

multidisciplinary approach. Pharmacological therapy uses medicines that help

the patient reduce the fear of becoming fat, depression and anxiety as well as

weight gain (Cooper, 2001).

Effectiveness of Treatment

While each of these treatments reports success in various groups or when

combined with other treatments, there are still individuals who do not feel that the

treatments are effective. One such person is Jennifer Hendricks who authored

Slim to None, which is a book that chronicles her daily struggle with AN. Many

times throughout the text Hendricks stated that she did not feel that the

treatments she was receiving were of any benefit. Christopher Athas, President

of the American Institute of Anorexia Nervosa, stated in the foreword of Slim to

None, “There is a glaring inadequacy of the mental health system to treat and

fully understand this disease” (2003, p. ix). Eventually Jennifer lost her battle

and died.

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry also states that there is a significant

need to find “effective management that truly impacts on long-term outcome”

(Kaplan, 2002, p. 236).

Note that no author is needed in this citation since the author was referenced in the sentence before the direct quote

Conclusion

Overall, there are a variety of treatments ranging from individual and

family therapy, to nutritional counseling to medicine; however, after reading

Sample APA Paper 7

through the literature, there are still too many young women like Jennifer

Hendricks who loose their battle with AN. Hopefully, the future will hold an

increasing number of women who stories are similar to that of Abbie’s.

Sample APA Paper 8

References

Cooper, P. G. (2001). Anorexia Nervosa. In Clinical reference systems (Vol.

2001, pp. 107). McKesson Health Solutions.

Geist, R., Heinmaa, M., Stephens, D., Davis, R., & Katzman, D. (2000).

Comparison of family therapy and family group psychoeducation.

Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 173-178.

*For directions on how to format the references, please refer to the Ivy Tech APA/MLA Citation Handbook

Hendricks, J. (2003). Slim to none. McGraw-Hill.

Hester, J. (2003). Never say die. British Medical Journal, 326, 719.

Kaplan, A. (2002). Psychological treatments for anorexia nervosa a review of

published studies and promising new directions. Canadian Journal of

Psychiatry, 47, 235-242.

Kotler, L. A., & Walsh, B. T. (2000). Eating disorders in children and adolesce

Pharmacological therapies. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,

108-116.

Pike, K. M., Walsh, B. T., Vitousek, K., Wilson, G. T., & Bauer, J. (2003).

Cognitive behavior therapy in the posthospitalization treatment of

anorexia. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 2046-2049.

Robin, A. L., Siegel, P. T., Moye, A. W., Gilroy, M., Dennis, A. B., & Sikand, A

(1999). A controlled comparison of family versus individual therapy for

adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Journal of the American Academy

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1482-1491.

Schindehette, S., Sandler, B., Nelson, M., & Seaman, D. (2003, December 15

Recipe for life. People, 60, 135-138.

Note that the header and page numbers continue onto the references page

*Make sure to continue double spacing the references page

nts:

9,

.

of

).