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MEDGAR EVERS COLLEGE/CUNY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY MID.TERM DEPARTMENTAL EXAM

SPRING 2OL4

ANSWER ALL QUESTTONS

L Allof the following describe the correct anatomical position of the human body EXCEPT: A. Body standing erect. B. Body facing forward. C. Feet together. D. Palms facing backward. E. Arms hanging at the sides.

2. Which of the following correlations are correct? A. Sagittal-Median-longitudinal only B. Frontal-coronal only. C. Transverse-horizontal-cross onlV. D. A, and B only E. A, B, and C only

3. All of the following are examples of membranes that line body cavities, structures, and organs EXCEPT:

A. Mucous. B. Serous. C. Synovial. D. Pleura. E. Viscera

4. Theatomicnumberrepresentsthenumberofwhichofthefollowingsubatomicparticlesinan atom's nucleus?

A. Protons B. Electrons. C. Neutrons D. Protons and electrons. E. Protons, electrons, and neutrons.

5 Which of the following facts allows you to determine that atom A and atom B are isotopes of the same element?

A. They each have 6 protons. B. They each have 4 neutrons. C. The sum of the electrons and neutrons in each is 1_4 D. They each have 4 valence electrons. E. They each have an atomic mass of 14.

6.The center of the abdomen is called the

A. Hypochondriac region. B. Umbilical region. C. Left inguinal region. D. Femoral region. E. Hypogastric region.

7. Saturated fatty acids are so named because they are saturated with A. Hydrogen B. Water. C. Hydroxyl groups. D, Glycerol E. Carbon

8. Which carrier protein is a sympoter? A. One that cotransports glucose and sodium B. One that carries on facilitated diffusion C. One that moves two substances in opposite directions D. An ion channel

E. The sodium-potassium pump

9. The following events are part of a negative -feedback mechanism. L. Blood pressure increases. 2. The control center compares actual blood pressure to the blood pressure set point. 3. The heart beats faster. 4. Receptors detect a decrease in blood pressure.

Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur. A. 1_,2,3,4. C. 3,1,4,2. E.4,3,2, 1_. B. 1,3,2,4. D.4,2,3,7.

10. A patient with appendicitis usually has pain in the quadrant ofthe abdomen

A. Left-upper B. Left-lower C. Right-lower. D. Right-upper E. A and B are all correct.

1't' Which sectional plane could divide the body so that the face remains intact? A. sagittal C. midsagittal

B. coro na I D. equatorial

1.2.

13.

E. none of the above.

In a molecule of nitrogen, three pairs of electrons are shared bytwo nitrogen atoms. The type of bond that is formed would be an example of a(n) A. Single bond. B. Double bond C. Triple bond. D. Polar covalent bond. E. Hydrogen bond.

which of the foilowing statements about water is Nor correct? A. is composed of polar molecules. B. is responsible for aboutz/3 of the mass of the human body. C. has a relatively low heat capacity. D. can be considered a 'universal solvent, E. contains hydrogen bonds.

The embryonic germ layer that is the source of connective tissue and muscle is A. mesoderm. B. neuroglia. C. membrane. D. dendrite. E. pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

The sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes are called A. nucleus. B. ribosomes. C. lysosomes. D. mitochondria. E. centrioles.

L4.

15.

What type of gland does NOT have ducts? A. exocrine B. endocrine. C. merocrine. D. apocrine. E. holocrine.

Which tissue type forms glands? A. connective. B. epithelial. C. muscle. D. nervous. E. glandular.

Eicosanoids A. are structural proteins. B. are fat-soluble vitamins. C. are components of the plasma membrane. D. comprise the genetic material. E. play a role in the response of tissue to injuries.

The nucleoli A. are located in the cytoplasm. B. produce ribosomal subunits. C. have distinct membrane. D. are important for the formation of the Golgi apparatus. E. regulate movement of materials into the nucleus.

All of the synthesis reactions in the body are called A. catabolism B. hydrolysis. C. oxidation-reduction D. anabolism: E. dissociation.

Which of the following is an organic compound? A. hydrochloric acid (HCl). B. salt (NaCl). C. sucrose (C12H22O11) D. water (H2O) E. none ofthe these choices is correct.

Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion? A. An increase in the viscosity of the solvent. B. An increase in the temperature. C. An increase in the molecular weight of the diffusing particles D. An increase in the distance the molecules have to travel. E. All of these choices are correct.

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23. Which of the following is most inferior in location? A. diaphragm. B. mediastinum. C. pelvic cavity D. pleural cavity. E. pericardial cavity.

24. Organs are composed of tissue, which are composed of cells. This is an example of which characte ristic of I ife? A. Living things grow and develop. B. Living things respond to stimuli. C. Living things maintain themselves by homeostasis. D. Living things have levels of organization. E. Living things are adapted to the environment.

25. One way to convert oil into a substance that is solid at room temperature is to: A. remove water, causing a dehydration synthesis reaction to occur. B. remove hydrogen, increasing the number of double bonds. C. add hydrogen, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules. D. put it in the refrigerator, when unsaturated fats cool, double bonds form and the fats solidifu E. add water and shake vigorously.

26. lsotopes of a given element have A. the same atomic number but differ in weight B. the same atomic weight but different atomic numbers. C. different atomic numbers and atomic weights. D. the same atomic numbers and atomic weights. E. the same number of neutrons.

27. The tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as A. adhesion. B. polarity. C. cohesion. D. transpiration. E. evaporation.

28. The oxygen atom of a water molecule A. attracts electrons less strongly than the hydrogen atoms. B. is more positively charged than the hydrogen atoms. C. is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms. D. is electrically neutral. E. is attracted to the negatively charged atoms of other molecules.

29. Which type of gland discharges fragments of the gland's cells during secretion? A. exocrine. B. endocrine. C. merocrine. D. apocrine. E. holocrine.

30. Normal pH for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. Maintenance of the pH in this range is A. critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH. B. not critical because extreme pH values do not affect enzyme function. C. called denaturation. D. not required. E. none of these choices is correct.

31. the three types of protein fibers found in connective tissues are: A. hyaluronic acid, collagen, and reticular fibers. B. proteoglycan, elastin, and reticular fibers. C. collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers. D. proteoglycan, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. E. chondronectin, osteonectin, fibronectin.

32. lf an element is composed of atomswith an atomic numberof 6 and a mass numberof l-4. then a neutral atom of this element contains. A. 6 protons B. 6 neutrons C. 8 electrons D. 14 protons E. 1.4 electrons.

33. Each of the following statements concerning hydrogen bonds is true EXCEPT : ldentify the exception. A. Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively

charged atoms. B. Hydrogen bonds can occur within a single molecule. C. Hydrogen bonds can form between neighboring molecules. D. Hydrogen bonds are important forces for holding large molecules together. E. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the unique properties of water.

34. Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that facilitated diffusion A. expends no ATP. B. moves molecules from an area of their higher concentration to their lower concentration. C. the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules. D. never eliminates the concentration gradient. E. the rate of molecular movement is not limited by the number of available carrier molecules.

35. Components of the cytoskeleton may include all of the following, EXCEpT: A. microfilaments. B. intermediate filaments, C. basal bodies. D. microtubules. E. thick filaments.

36. During the process of mitosis, chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes durins A. interphase B. prophase. C. metaphase. D. anaphase. E. telophase.

37' Two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane with the same properties as a cell membrane. Solution A is 5% glucose and solution B is L)%glucose. Under these circumstances, which of the following would most likely occur? A. Water will move from solution B to solution A. B. Water will move from solution A to solution B. C. Glucose will move from solution B to solution A. D. Glucose will move from solution A to solution B. E. At equilibrium the concentration of glucose will be higher in solution B.

38. Functions of connective tissues include A. establishing a structural framework for the bodv. B. storing energy reserve. C. providing protection for delicate orsans. D. both A and C only. E. All ofthe above.

39. which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body? A. Serous. B. Cutaneous. C. Sensus. i,.: t,. i D. Synovial E. Pleural.

40. The pancreas is an example of a_gland. A. serous. B. mucous. C. merocrine D. mixed. E. unicellular

41-. Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person? A. skin repairs take longer in the elderly. B. the epidermis is thicker in the elderly. C. there are fewer Langerhans cells in the skin of the elderly. D. both A and C only. E. all ofthe above.

42. A five-or six-month-old baby has a delicate film of hair covering its body called: A. new hair. B. coarse hair. C. lanugo hair. D. vellus hair. E. terminal hair.

43. Which of the following statements about burns is INCORRECT, A. First-degree burns generally destroy the epidermis. B. Third-degree burns are not painful. C. A major burn causes homeostatic imbalances in every system of the body. D. Full-thickness injury is difficult to detect in elderly patients because of the thinness and

translucency of the skin. F. Pain is most severe in second-degree superficial burns.

44. The process of forming mRNA is called A. translation. B. transcription. C. replication. D. ribolation E. ausculatation

45. In the process of tissue repair, which of the events listed below occurs last? A. The wound fills with blood and a clot forms. B. An inflammatory response occurs. C. A scab forms to seal the wound. D. Granulation tissue develops. E. Fibroblast migrate to the area.

46. Which statement is correct regarding acids and bases? A. Acids increase the pH and bases decrease the pH. B. Acids release hydrogen ions and bases release hydroxyl ions C. Acids combine with bases to form buffers. D. Acids combine with bases to form sugars. E. Acids are harmful but bases are not harmful.

47. The chemical reactivity of an atom is dependent on A. the number of protons. B. the arrangement of neutrons C. the number of electrons in the outer shell. D. the number of protons and neutrons E. the number of electrons in the inner shell,

48. The change in the shape of tissues or organs is called A. Growth. B. Differentiation C. Reproduction. D. Morphogenesis. E. Metabolism

49. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means A. only gases and water can pass through it. B. substances need permission to pass through it. C. only certain substances can pass through it. D. substances need carrier molecules to pass through it. E. ATP is always needed to move molecules across the plasma membrane.

50. Hydrogen bonding in water causes water to A. boil at lower temperature than expected, B. be less dense as ice than as liouid water. C. absorb heat with a lot of change in temperature. D. release heat with a lot of change in temperature. E. shrink as temperature approaches OoC