Research

ResearchDraftI

byDarinBullock

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( Runninghead: )

RunningHead:ABAANDff$SUCCESSFULUSEINTHETREATMENTOFAUTllSM 1

ABAanditsSuccessfulUseintheTreatmentofAutismDarin Bullock

ColumbiaSouthernUniversity

ABAANDITSSUCCESSFULUSEINTHETREATMENTOFAUTISM 2

Introduction

Severalscholars,whohavealsogivenproposals onwhichisthebestapproachof treatment,havestudiedadvancedBehavioralAnalysisanditssuccessfuluseintreatmentofautism.Thisdraftgivesanoutlayofwhattheresearchershavestudiedandproposedasthebest

( theydiffe r . Thequestionthatmakesupthethesis statement iswhetherthereis several di ferent )

advancedbehavioralanalyses thathavebeendevelopedtohelpdealwiththeproblemofautism.

Theoretic

According toFryling,Wallace &Yassioe, (2012). Using ofAdvanced Behavioral

patientwill be maintained. Treatment integrityhas been highlighted as having cg.en...._ _

( Commaneeded )canbeabletomaintainintegrity.Reinforceme usedtogetherwithappropriate behaviorthatshowedsignsofimprovement.InreferencetoDiGennaroe eresearchpointsoutthatthereisanimprovedrelationshipbetweenimprovedintegrityandinterventioneffectivenesswhentheycomparedproceduresaimedatimprovingspecialeducatorsdevelopmentinclassroom.Majorityofthesystemhasbeenbasedontheclassroomdevelopmentthat hastobereinforcedthroughintegrity.

AspertheconceptdevelopedbyLayne,(2007)shehasusedadifferentapproachthat

looksuponscreeningtoolsanddiagnosticassesmentsthatareusedtoidentifyautis

.in--ehilren

mostlyaroundtheage2.Sheusesadifferentapproacha<;comparedtoFrylinget .shelooksat

ABAANDITSSUCCESSFULUSEINTHETREATMENTOFAUTISM 3

( Punctuationerror ) ( - )theimpactthatthisdiagnosiscancreateonfamiliesaswellasthecounselors.Shelooksatwhatautismdoeswhichwouldincludeimparedlanguage,socialinteractions,andplayskills.Alsoincludediscognitiveandadaptivefunction.Thestatisticsthatsheusesisthat1outof166childrenwillbediagnosedwithautisminthecontemporarydays.Diligenceintheearlydaysofdiagnosishavebeenviewedasthebest·wayofhandlingthesituationespeciallywhenitcomestoteachersparentsaswellasclinicians.Publicawarenesshashelpedaswellandthefactthateitherautismisincreasing,orcliniciansaremoreapttodiagnosechildren'\thautismratherthananotherdevelopmentaldisability.

Inunderstanding thethirdfom1ofargumentitmeansthatwehavetolookatthework

( n-textcitation )•••• •

developedby Pulse I :em-at1ena.

ChetounjonbjsutterencesatapressconferenceonacertaindateinJuly2012.Thestatementthatwasmadebytheprofessorcangiveu a ofunderstandingwhatthewarningsignsarnwhenitcomestoautism,wbjcharecharacterisedbysocialsymptomsrepetitivebehavioraswellascommunicationdeficit.Thechildneedstobeelevatedaftertheapprop1iateevaluationbyaprofessionalwithvastknowledgesothattheycanbegivenprofossiooaJtreatmentagainsttheprescribedproblem.Therearecertaininstanceswhenearlyinterventionwillbeseentohaveaconsiderableimpactonreductionofsymptomsandraisingthechildsabilitytomanagenewskills.JustlikeLaynehadthoughtonthiscasethereisasuggestionthatitemsshouldbeputinplacetodiagnosechildrenwithautismatthetenderageoftwosinceasithasbeenobservedthatinformationonautismattheveryearlydaysisveryscarce.Parentscanbereliedupontousetheirlevelsofintuitionasamodeofdeterminingthesymptomsevenbeforetheactualdiagnosis.Theyare requiredtoengageinpathologicalprocessthroughtheinteractivepatternwiththechHdrenattheearlyage.

( . . Ell . • f " )ABAANDllTSSUCCESSFULUSEINTHETREATMENTOFAUTllSM

T.Snuthhasgivenusanotherangle1romwluchwecanarguethecaseo autism.From

( . )<;;o..l.lu;;.::·.hietomeettheworkofapsychiatristwhomanagedtopioneertheAppliedBehavioralAnalyticthatwouldlaterberesearchedonbyotherpsychiatrists.Theapproachthatcanbetakenhereisquimquesinceitfocusesondecreasingseverechallengingbehaviorsandestablishamodelcommunicativelan.,uage.Languageiftaughttochildrenwhoinitiallyhadproblemswithunderstandingitwoudiretpwiththedeveloptnentofotherformsofbehaviorthat

wouldinclude socialinteraction. Through thisunderstandingw,...._,'""'tobelievethat this

approachbasbeenfoundtobehelpful tochildrenwhohavebeeodiaguoedwithautism.A

•-II

researcherbythenameofLovaas,workedwithayounggirlname as

whereLovaasspentmuchtimewiththechildinordertodevelopamorethoroughsystemwiththepatient. EOit.i

1ntheirargumentPetursdottiretal.madeanargumentthat earlyinterventionis ,rerykeytoensuring thatchildrenwhosufferautismmakeabreakthrough. Thisargumentismuchaliketothatwhich wasdevelopedbyI.Smith.Atheorywascoined,"receptive-beforeexpressive"whichiskeytothedevelopmentoftheABAtherapies.Thisapproachhasalso developedstrategiesofteachingreceptiveandmoreexpressivelanguageskillstoaJItheindividualswhohaveahistoryofautism.Wehave tour1erdeveloparesearchthatwould furthercompare receptive-before-expressivesequencewithalltheotheralternativesthathavebeendevelopedearlieryetthatcanbedevelopedaswell.

ABAANDITSSUCCESSFULUSEINTHETREATMENTOFAUTISM 5

( Alphabetizationmistake )

SentencecaseinReferenceentries

PetursdottirA.I.,&Carr,J.E.(2011).AReview RecOlnmemlation 01e-quencmg

ReceptiveandExpressiveLanguageInstruction.JournalofAppliedBavaviorAnalysis,859-76.

Smith,T.,&Eikeseth,S.(2011,Mar).0.IvarLovaas:Pioneerofappliedbehaviorandinterventionforchildrenwithautism.JournalofAutismandDevelopmentalDisorders,375.PulseInternational.(2012,Aug14).EarlyInterventionhasconsiderableimpactonreducing

Layne,C.M.(2007).EarlyIdentificationofAutism:ImpicationsforCounselors.JournalofCounselingandDevelopment,110-114.

InterventionEffectiveness.Journal ofAppliedBehaviorAnalysis,449-53.

ABAANDITSSUCCESSFULUSEINTHETREATMENTOFAUTISM 6

Purpose:

The purpose of the second draft is to build upon the first draft that you have already written and to move your drafting

process forward so that you can add a body, conclusion, and abstract to the paper, making it a cohesive and whole

academic paper.

Description:

In this assignment, you will take Draft 1 (review of literature), written in Unit IV, and write an introduction to your final

Research Paper that sets the context for your project, establishes your argument, asserts your thesis, and allows for an

easy transition from your review of literature. Your introduction alone should be between 250-350 words. If the introduction

alone is less than this word count, it is likely you have not fully developed your introduction, and this lack of development

can severely impact your grade for this assignment. Your Draft 2 should include the elements listed below.

Elements:

The grade of your second draft is largely based on your inclusion of these elements and the overall quality of your writing.

For assistance, you may want to refer to the examples in Chapter 23, Section 23a, of Strategies for Writing Successful

Research Papers (pp. 507-509). Your Draft 2 must contain the following elements.

1. Cover page and APA formatting:

You should include an APA-style cover page for your Research Paper Draft 2. See the example on page 16 of The

CSU APA Guide (6th edition). Your cover page should include the following: the title of your paper, your name, and

the name of your university (Columbia Southern University). The running head should include up to 50 characters

from the title of the paper, along with a sequential page number in the upper right-hand corner.

2. Introduction:

Draft and revise an introduction between 250-350 words to come before your revised review of literature. There are

some pitfalls to writing an introductory paragraph, and you can avoid some of them by reading through the

Checklist: “Avoid Certain Mistakes in the Introduction” on p. 495 of Strategies for Writing Successful Research

Papers.

3. Review of literature:

Using the comments that you received on your Draft 1, revise your review of literature, and include it with Draft 2.

4. References:

Include a references list as the last page of the paper. See the example on pages 6, 7, and 21 of The CSU APA

Guide (6th edition). All entries are those that have been cited in the text. No others are to be included. No

textbooks should be included on the references list.

ResearchDraftI

GRADEMARKREPORT

FINALGRADE

/100

GENERALCOMMENTS

Instructor

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Awkward:

Theexpressionorconstructioniscumbersomeordifficulttoread.Considerrewriting.

( Q M )Punctuationerror

Punctuationerror:Placea comma afterintroductoryclausesand phrases

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Commaneededhere

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Comment 1

UseboldfaceforLatinterms

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Thesentencecontainstwoormoreindependentclauses. Separate the clauseswithaperiodorsemicolon.

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boldface

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Punctuationerror:Placea comma afterintroductoryclausesand phrases

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we?Whoiswe?

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Pleasesee the APAinfoCSUprovidesforguidanceconcerning the complete formatting ofanin-textcitation.

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us?

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Reserveyouropinionsforthe bodyofyourpaperinalaterdraft.

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Awkward:

Theexpressionorconstructioniscumbersomeordifficulttoread.Considerrewriting.

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Delete

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Reserveyourpersonalopinionforthebodyofyourpaperinalaterdraft.

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( Q M )Alphabetizationmistake

Alphabetizationmistake --Alphabetizethe referencelistaccordingtothe author'slast nameand ifnotgiven,alphabetize accordingtothe firstmajorwordinthereference'stitle,ignoring the articlesA,AnandThe.

( Q M )SentencecaseinReferenceentries

Intitlesofbooksandarticlesinreferencelists,capitalizeonlythe firstword,the firstwordafteracolonand propernouns.Donotcapitalizethesecondwordofahyphenatedcompound.

( Q M )SentencecaseinReferenceentries

Intitlesofbooksandarticlesinreferencelists,capitalizeonlythe firstword,the firstwordafteracolonand propernouns.Donotcapitalizethesecondwordofahyphenatedcompound.

( Q M )SentencecaseinReferenceentries

Intitlesofbooksandarticlesinreferencelists,capitalizeonlythe firstword,the firstwordafteracolonand propernouns.Donotcapitalizethesecondwordofahyphenatedcompound.

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