BSHS 302 (Introduction to Human Services) Week 5 Complete A+ Graded

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Week 5/BSHS 302 Week 5 DQ 2 (Existence of Sweat Shops in other Countries,Impact of Globalization in Human Services).docx

Week 5, Discussion Question 2,

· Do you believe that US consumers bear any responsibility for the existence of sweat shops in other countries? Why or why not? Today's social contract requires that retailers provide consumers with competitively priced merchandise that is produced under fair and humane conditions, a demand that is increasingly difficult to meet in a global environment where retail buyers are separated from merchandise suppliers both geographically and structurally. As retailers have increasingly turned to outsourcing as a means of protecting bottom line performance, they have become increasingly vulnerable to attack by sweatshop critics. $10.00 a day may be a good living in said country. My only worry is conditions that are unsafe for people. Developing nations don’t have OSHA .I believe the company needs to have the responsibility that its workers are safe. Pay is determined on what the market will bare.

· Discuss the impact of globalization on the human services field. Why is it important for human service workers in local practice to be aware of human rights violations on an international level? Globalization can seem a remote process, related only to the economic and commercial world. However, it impacts (differentially) on the work opportunities and living conditions of populations around the world and has also influenced thinking about welfare policies, including through state provision. It thus has implications for the practice and education of social and community workers in both affluent and poverty stricken states. In addition to social professionals who seek opportunities to work internationally, globalization is also affecting the practices of those who would previously have seen their work as essentially rooted in local conditions and community needs.

· Discuss a global human services issue you are interested in. How does it affect you? Slavery could be present in your own community. It is often well concealed in the large cities, in sweatshops, in private homes using domestic workers, and in service industries such as food services and landscaping. It can also go without detection at remote locations such as in mines and on farms using migrant workers.

Week 5/BSHS 302 Week 5 Team A Final Global Macro Practice in Human Services - Human Trafficking.docx

Human Trafficking

Learning Team A

BSHS 302: Introduction to Human Services

Instructor: Shelley Kerr

Slavery is a shorter term for human trafficking. People are kept against their will and forced to perform various types of work that include prostitution or long hours of physical labor for little or no pay. These people are enslaved for many years of their lives, or until death. In a report, issued in February 2009 by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), it was noted that almost 80% of the human trafficking identified was sexual exploitation. The majority of the remaining 20% is forced labor. Human trafficking is a global problem and usually affects populations that are already exposed to other social, and (or) clinical issues. The UNODC works with many countries, willing to participate, to implement interventions and programs to prevent human trafficking.

Three major contributors make global trafficking appealing; the first is the low risk of prosecution. Traffickers do not worry as much about being caught because of lack enforcement of the laws that are established. Extreme profit potential is the second contributor. Traffic victims are bought and sold on a regular basis, which increases the profit margin on each victim. The constant movement of victims prohibits them from feeling comfortable and possibly making connections that will free them. Poverty is the third contributor. Victims in poverty-stricken areas may be more easily coerced into this life of extreme darkness in an effort to earn money.

Identifying human trafficking global trends concerning the number and the demographics of victims detected can be difficult. Globally there is no universal legislation or definition concerning human trafficking, which makes obtaining statistics a difficult task and the figures quoted often contradict each other. The covert nature of the crime, the indivisibility of the victims, and high-levels of under-reporting or a reluctance to share data from nations is also a major factor in the difficult task of obtaining accurate numbers. However, several reports and estimates have emerged recently.

According to UNODC (2008) individuals are reported to be trafficked from 127 countries to be exploited in 137 countries, which indicates every continent and every type of economy is affected by the problem of human trafficking. The International Labor Organization estimates at any given time 2.5 million individuals are victims of forced labor, including sexual exploitation, and between the years of 1995 through 2004 at least 2.45 million people were trafficked (UNODC, 2008; Polaris Project, 2009; UN.GIFT, n.d.). Fifty-six percent (1.4 million) of the estimated 2.5 million individuals trafficked occurs in Asia and the Pacific (UN.GIFT, n.d.).

The majority of human trafficking victims are between the ages of 18-24; however, an estimated 1.2 million children are trafficked each year (UN.GIFT, n.d.). Fifty percent of transnational human trafficking victims are children (Polaris Project, 2009). The majority of victims are female. In 2006 adult females made up 67% of victims of human trafficking and girls made up 13%; adult males made up 13% and boys made up 9% (UNODC, 2009). Forty-three percent of victims experience forced commercial sexual exploitation in which 98% of the victims are women and girls (UN.GIFT, n.d.). Thirty-two percent of victims experience forced labor in which 56% of the victims are female (UN.GIFT, n.d.).

The social issues facing many populations play a large part in people falling victim to human trafficking. The majority include the vulnerable or oppressed populations. With an estimated 800,000 victims of human trafficking, and most being females, the most common purpose for enslavement is forced sexual slavery (Martin, 2007). Several factors may contribute to the vulnerability of individuals experiencing human trafficking including age, gender, and poverty. The majority of trafficked children are orphans in which many tend to be defenseless to the demands and expectations of those in authority; thus, making them susceptible to recruitment. Poor individuals are susceptible to trafficking by virtue of exerting diminutive social power and possessing little income options.

Ethnic, racial and religious marginalization may also play a role for a population that may be vulnerable to trafficking. Exclusion from employment opportunities, higher education opportunities, and legal as well as political equality can often leave women vulnerable to human trafficking (UNODC, 2008). The UNODC (2008) states “Many forms of gender-based violations, such as rape, domestic violence and harmful traditional practices, are linked to social and cultural situations that contribute to the vulnerability of women to being trafficked” (p. 28, para. 1). Victims are coerced into a life of darkness and bondage with no visible means of escape. A trafficked person lives in fear of the captor, who through intimidation psychologically controls that person. The victim’s life is abusive, and their basic human rights are compromised. Each victim has a different story, but all share a common thread. That thread is an indication victims of human trafficking are being controlled by another human being.

A person being held against his or her will not readily volunteer information to anyone for fear of retribution against oneself or family members. Reluctance to come forward is intensified by the victim’s despair that there is no way to escape the situation. Statistics show that 95% of trafficking victims experience physical or sexual violence during trafficking (U.N. Gift, n.d.). Along with the sexual violence, the individuals are faced with problems of sickness, physical and psychological. Sickness can include malnutrition, sexually transmitted diseases (including HIV/AIDS), bruising, and broken bones. Critical illness cannot be excluded, such as diabetes, cancer, or heart disease (United States of America Department of State, 2008). Victims of trafficking do not receive medical care offered for any kind of illness or psychological problems. Victims react physically to trauma in the form of psychosomatic pain, change in sleep patterns and increased use of alcohol (UNODC, 2008).

The victim is subject to a host of other problems as well. The individuals suffer from shock and fear from a situation that no human being should have to witness. Disorientation is not uncommon. Sleep is plagued by nightmares and flashbacks of experiences not easily forgotten. If a victim is fortunate enough to escape and return to the place of good memories, the person is faced with non-acceptance of the community. A stigma is attached and people look at the victims as if the experiences endured were the fault of the victim. This experience will haunt the individual for the rest of his or her life.

The macro practice interventions for this global problem are just starting to make an impact on the focus of this crime against human rights. The Palermo Protocol, although applying to all countries, transit and destination, requires that the transit country place additional focus on foreign nationals entering their country. This includes checking documents for authenticity, and verifying the reason for entry into the transit country. Some countries have increased border security in an effort to reduce the flow of illegal migration. The UK and Belgian seaports currently impose fines to those who try to smuggle immigrants. Canada and the US exchange intelligence (Perrin, 2010).

Destination countries implement interventions that assist trafficked individuals. Although identifying those individuals is difficult. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) works closely with transit countries in an effort to assist victims of trafficking. Programs similar to those of the social welfare programs in the United States are implemented. People are offered the basic human needs of shelter, food, and security as well as health and legal assistance. Homeless immigrants and trafficked women are given the opportunity to stay at a transit shelter, protected by police, rather than detained by them, in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Perrin, 2010).

Unaccompanied or illegal migrant children are more protected than adults by programs that help to identify children at risk of trafficking. Belgium provides a trafficked minor with identity documents and starts a process to determine possible solutions to the lack of guardianship. Some are deported. Some are given refuge and shelter in Belgium. At the border of Cambodia and Thai, over half of trafficked children rescued were reunited with their families. Burkina Faso helped 312 children at 21 victim centers in 2007. Canada has created a list of indicators to identify trafficking at their borders (Perrin, 2010). Finally, the International Association of Schools of Social Worker (IASSW) works to educate human service providers globally to aide in the legislation process to ensure the human rights of all people (Martin, 2007).

A global understanding needs to be achieved to setup successful programs that can track and prevent human trafficking. Although global interventions are implemented and used by the IOM, UNODC, NASW, Red Cross, and several other organizations, there are not enough evidence-based policies in place to prevent such horrific crimes against people. Government and border patrol corruption also needs to be addressed in a more aggressive manner to show successful results from these interventions. The amount of suffering an individual endures as a result of trafficking does not stop by simply being rescued. With more than one million children falling prey to human trafficking, each year, there will be a need for long term mental health interventions to help rescued children cope with being victimized. More programs are needed at a worldwide macro level. Governments and human service providers of all nations should collaborate to bring uniformity to laws and enact legislation to assist victims of human trafficking, protecting the human rights of all populations (UNODC, 2009).

Human Trafficking 2

References

Martin, M. E. (2007). Introduction to the human services profession: Purpose, preparation

practice, and theoretical orientations. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon , Inc.

Perrin, B. (2010). Just passing through? International legal obligations and policies of transit

countries in combating trafficking in persons. European Journal of Criminology, 7(1), 1-

20. Retrieved from http://euc.sagepub.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/cgi/reprint/7/1/11

Polaris Project. (2009). Human trafficking statistics. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from

http://nhtrc.polarisproject.org/materials/Human-Trafficking-Statistics.pdf

UN.GIFT. (n.d.). Human trafficking: The facts. Retrieved April 14, 2010 from

http://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/issues_doc/labor/Forced_labor/HUMAN_TRAFFICKING_-_THE_FACTS_-_final.pdf

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2009, February). Global report on

trafficking in persons. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from

http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/Global_Report_on_TIP.pdf

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2008, January). Human trafficking: An

overview. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from

http://www.ungift.org/docs/ungift/pdf/knowledge/ebook.pdf

United States of America Department of State. (2008). Combating human trafficking.

Retrieved April 14, 2010 from www.humantrafficking.org

Week 5/BSHS 302 Week 5 Team B Final Global Macro Practice in Human Services - Human Trafficking.docx

Global Macro Practice 1

Global Macro Practice in Human Services

Human Trafficking

Christina Suarez, Tonya Foster, Shelia Hitch

Axia College University of Phoenix

Nature of the Human Trafficking Population

Human trafficking is a real problem globally. Human trafficking is considered to be the commercial trade of people who are made to do involuntary acts such as sexual exploitation, or involuntary servitude (O’Neill 2000). Human trafficking is another term for modern slavery. Although the Unites States is considered a free country, this business exists in outrageous numbers and takes away the human rights of people that are involved. Human trafficking affects the individual victims, as well as, challenges the safety and security of the nations it involves. Human trafficking has become a huge global issue and due to the money that is made by these traffickers the market is rapidly growing. Stopping this illegal activity seems almost impossible.

Victims of human trafficking are young children, teenagers, men and women. Ethnicity is not a prejudicial factor in human trafficking. Victims of human trafficking are made to partake in fraud, or be coerced in commercial sex or involuntary labor.

Victims of human trafficking suffer major problems. Human trafficking victims suffer from physical, mental and sexual abuse. As a result, human trafficking victims have severe medical and psychological needs that must be addressed before being able to function in the common society.

Human trafficking is very lucrative business and trade for traffickers. Drugs can be sold and used once, but a child or young woman that can clean a house or act as a prostitute can be sold and used repeatedly, providing a steady income for traffickers.

Poverty, gender inequality, as well as, a tolerance of violence against women and children is other contributors that lead to human trafficking both foreign and domestic. The world lacks appropriate laws to protect and address the human trafficking issue. The world needs to have more restrictive immigration policies, and strict punishment for the illegal sex industry.

Many human trafficking victims do not dare try and run away out of fear of being watched and perhaps beaten or murdered if they are caught. Traffickers will threaten to hurt the victims family or friends if they try to escape. Most human trafficking victims do not speak English and do not have faith in the justice system, making it more difficult to be discovered and saved from captivity. Some human trafficking victims fear being deported if they make trouble with their captors.

Human trafficking is one of the biggest problems the world is facing today. There have been many attempts to stop human trafficking, and yet human trafficking continues to grow globally. Helping victims find safe housing, financial and legal aid; by guaranteeing them the right to social services and protection during criminal proceedings against traffickers will help the problem.

Social Issues Human Trafficking

Social Issues in human trafficking human beings is not new, but the complexity of the social issue has grown exponentially in the past 15 years (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). Human trafficking is made possible through numerous correlations including the increase in the number of individual’s worldwide as a result direct response to population growth (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). The Pathy Salett, LICSW (2010) website explains individuals becoming abducted or sold for sex. The human traffickers serve in domestic servitude, agriculture, construction, restaurant, mining, and manufacturing (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). Changing social issues and economic conditions such as discrimination and poverty have brought large populations of women and children from rural areas into urban centers for potential jobs or employment opportunities (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). In at least 127 countries worldwide house human trafficking networks (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). Pathy Salett, LICSW (2010), states, " Human trafficking is the second most lucrative illicit enterprise in the world after drug trafficking, and the fastest growing according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, taking in an estimated $44.3 billion USD per year” (para.2). An essential component social issue of human trafficking has prominent advances because of an increase of technology advances, which provide instant information that remains anonymous portal for traffickers worldwide (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010).

Clinical Issues of Human Trafficking

Clinical issues of human trafficking are victims are often mislead in regard to their personal rights and become increasingly fearful of law enforcement (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). Social workers serve as primary components in providing access or services in the social and health care tools for trafficking victims. Determining if individuals fall prey to human trafficking rings may become increasingly hard (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). Human service workers should be careful when asking specific questions of potential victims of human trafficking (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). Victims of trafficking may experiences psychological trauma, which may alter individual’s physical and mental ability to respond to stress or danger (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). According to Academy for Educational Development (2006), "Clinical factors affecting human trafficking consist of malnutrition, sexually transmitted diseases, and lack of personal care” (para. 10). The victims’ basic survival reactions of “fight or flight response” make diagnose of individual’s needs difficult for human service personnel (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). After identifying a trafficking victim, social workers need to make appropriate referrals to agencies specializing in proper mental and physical health for traffic victims (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010).

Macro Interventions Regarding Human Trafficking

Human trafficking is a major problem worldwide; today this is a modern day version of slavery, which women, children, and men fall prey to this population. Victims at risk are countries who face horrific economic conditions, an unstable government, and after natural disasters. Take a look at the situation regarding the earthquake in Haiti, the number one concern human services workers and national organizations are concerned about is child trafficking. In the wake of the January 12, 2010 earthquake, there are so many homeless children wondering around the streets and separated from their families, which make the risk of child trafficking greater.

Child trafficking is the most vulnerable group of human trafficking because traffickers see children as cheap laborers, servants’, and in sweatshops. Organizations such a Save the Children and World Visions, has requested all adoptions come to a halt in Haiti because it is very hard to disquinish those who truly are interested in adoption and who are child traffickers. Before the earthquake, human trafficking was already a problem in Haiti, because of the number of unregulated orphanages and the corrupt people working with traffickers, which has warranted global actions immediately.

The United States has spent millions of dollars to fight against human trafficking. The National Human Trafficking Resource Center is a tool that most human service workers collaborate with because of there national response during disasters. Services would include crisis intervention, urgent and non-urgent referrals, tip reporting, and comprehensive anti-trafficking resources and technical assistance for the anti-trafficking field and for those who is able to be involved.

Human Trafficking has even spread to the US, for example, Michigan. "The man who police say organized an illegal alien smuggling ring that trapped two Albanian refugees in a railroad car last March in Holland (Michigan) will be spending most of the next decade in prison.... Macomb County resident Kole Vushaj pleaded guilty in June to 30 counts of alien-smuggling and other offenses, the U.S. attorney's office said". (Barton,Dieters 2006)

How to Prevent Human Trafficking

In 2003, the U.S. Congress passed a bill called Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, which allows non-governmental organizations to receive government funding to fight the war of anti-trafficking. Various organizations and committees were formed to advocate and protect victims from human trafficking such as the Human Rights Watch, the National Labor Committee, and Amnesty International. The main purpose of these organizations is to provide international awareness and to gain social justice worldwide. State and local governments are addressing human trafficking as well by implementing and enforcing laws that prohibit human trafficking and by making the punishment harsh with hopes to curb this behavior.

Various organizations host events that raise awareness, for example, Not for Sale is a campaign of students, entrepreneurs, people of faith, athletes, law enforcement officers, politicians, social workers, skilled professionals, and all justice seekers united to fight the global slave trade, and end human trafficking. Members host events here, in the United Stated, for example, “Pattie who lives in Atlanta, GA, hosted a house party to inform her friends about modern-day slavery. She showed a movie, served wine and cheese, produced a painting for the party, and delivered a power point presentation featuring her city’s modern-day slavery statistics. She even had the guests paint their hands on her wall, declaring that they are now involved, identifying with those whose identities have been stolen.”

There is no doubt that global interventions are in place to combat human trafficking. Globally, various nonprofit and faith-based organizations and human services professionals’ work together by using vital resources to identify, address, and resolve regarding this matter. Although the system is far from perfect, government officials around the world are working hard to improve the existing global interventions and the disclosure of this crime. Millions of women, children, and men who are forced to live inhumanely and by and by working together globally, this will raise public awareness, advocacy, universal rights and humanitarian assistance and protection against human trafficking.

References

Academy for Educational Development. (2006). Individuals Interested in Helping to Combat Human Trafficking. Retrieved April 17, 2010 from http://www.humantrafficking.org/combat_trafficking

Dieters, Barton. Smugglers of humans sentenced to 9 years. Grand Rapids Press, Dec. 1, 2004, via MLive. For another article, see "Authorities topple human smuggling ring", The Michigan Daily, Feb. 15, 2006.

IFC International. Retrieved April 9, 2010

http://www.icfi.com/publications/pubs-category.asp?cid=8,

Not for Sale. (2009). Retrieved April 9, 2010

http://www.notforsalecampaign.org/about/

O’Neill, Richard (2000, May) Amy, International Trafficking in Women to the United States: A Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime, DCI Exceptional Intelligence Analyst Program, An Intelligence Monograph. Retrieved April 18, 2010 from

http://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/women/trafficking.pdf

Pathy Salett, LICSW, E. (2010). Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery. National MultiCultural Institute. Retrieved April 17, 2010 from http://www.nmci.org/news/news_items/trafficking.html

UNFPA (2003, May) Trafficking in Women, Girls and Boys Key Issues for Population and Development Programmes. Retrieved April 18, 2010 from

http://www.unfpa.org/publications/detail.cfm

Week 5/BSHS 302 Week 5 Team B Final Global Macro Practice in Human Services- Human Trafficking Graded.docx

Global Macro Practice 1

One day late

Global Macro Practice in Human Services

Human Trafficking

Christina Suarez, Tonya Foster, Shelia Hitch

Axia College University of Phoenix

Nature of the Human Trafficking Population

Human trafficking is a global, highly profitable business for traffickers. New entry ways for human trafficking are consistently being created, and the market for phony travel and identification documents has become increasingly well-organized. (You have several short paragraphs. Paragraphs should be at least 5 sentences. You need to combined all these short paragraphs)

Human trafficking is (a) very lucrative business and trade for traffickers. Drugs can be sold and used once, but a child or young woman that can clean a house or act as a prostitute can be sold and used repeatedly, providing a steady income for traffickers.

Poverty, gender inequality, as well as, a tolerance of violence against women and children is(are) other contributors that lead to human trafficking both foreign and domestic. The world lacks appropriate laws to protect and address the human trafficking issue. The world needs to have more restrictive immigration policies, and strict punishment for the illegal sex industry.

Many human trafficking victims do not dare try and run away out of fear of being watched and perhaps beaten or murdered if they are caught. Traffickers will threaten to hurt the victim(‘)s family or friends if they try to escape. Most human trafficking victims do not speak English and do not have faith in the justice system, making it more difficult to be discovered and saved from captivity. Some human trafficking victims fear being deported if they make trouble with their captors.

Social Issues Human Trafficking

Social Issues in human trafficking human beings(delete) is(are) not new, but the complexity of the social issue has grown exponentially in the past 15 years (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). Human trafficking is made possible through numerous correlations(,) including the increase in the number of individual’s worldwide as a result(delete) direct response to population growth (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). The Pathy Salett, LICSW (2010) website explains individuals becoming abducted or sold for sex(fragment). The human traffickers(victims) serve in domestic servitude, agriculture, construction, restaurant, mining, and manufacturing (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). Changing social issues and economic conditions(,) such as discrimination and poverty(,) have brought large populations of women and children from rural areas into urban centers for potential jobs or employment opportunities (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). In at least 127 countries worldwide house human trafficking networks (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010)(fragment. All these incomplete sentences are confusing, and I am unclear how some of them relate to the topic.). Pathy Salett, LICSW (2010), states, " Human trafficking is the second most lucrative illicit enterprise in the world after drug trafficking, and the fastest growing according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, taking in an estimated $44.3 billion USD per year” (para.2). An essential component social issue of human trafficking has prominent advances because of an increase of technology advances, which provide instant information that remains anonymous portal for traffickers worldwide (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). (Social issues would be the problems that these victims face – poverty, no education, not speaking the language, no knowledge of how to get help, abuse, no rights in the country they are in, deportation, etc..)

Clinical Issues of Human Trafficking

Clinical issues of human trafficking are victims are often mislead in regard to their personal rights and become increasingly fearful of law enforcement (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010)(not a clinical issue, this would be a social issue). Social workers serve as primary components in providing access or services in the social and health care tools for trafficking victims. Determining if individuals fall prey to human trafficking rings may become increasingly hard (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). Human service workers should be careful when asking specific questions of potential victims of human trafficking (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). Victims of trafficking may experiences psychological trauma, which may alter individual’s physical and mental ability to respond to stress or danger (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010)(Put citation after complete summary, not after each sentence). According to Academy for Educational Development (2006), "Clinical factors affecting human trafficking consist of malnutrition, sexually transmitted diseases, and lack of personal care” (para. 10). The victims’ basic survival reactions of “fight or flight response” make diagnose of individual’s needs difficult for human service personnel (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). After identifying a trafficking victim, social workers need to make appropriate referrals to agencies specializing in proper mental and physical health for traffic victims (Pathy Salett, LICSW, 2010). (You have some information about clinical issues in there, but the whole section just seems to be a long paraphrase of an article. I would like to see more of your own work discussing a culmination of various information. You also need to support what you are saying with statistic. You haven’t give demographics or statistics on this population.)

Macro Interventions Regarding Human Trafficking

Child trafficking is the most vulnerable group of human trafficking (victims,) because traffickers see children as cheap laborers, servants’, and in sweatshops (large majority used for prostitution). Organizations such a(delete) Save the Children and World Visions(cite reference), has requested all adoptions come to a halt in Haiti because it is very hard to disquinish those who truly are interested in adoption and who are child traffickers. Before the earthquake, human trafficking was already a problem in Haiti, because of the number of unregulated orphanages and the corrupt people working with traffickers,(. This) which(delete) has warranted global actions immediately.

The United States has spent millions of dollars to fight against human trafficking. The National Human Trafficking Resource Center(cite reference) is a tool that most human service workers collaborate with because of there(their) national response during disasters. Services would include crisis intervention, urgent and non-urgent referrals, tip reporting, and comprehensive anti-trafficking resources and technical assistance for the anti-trafficking field and for those who is(are) able to be involved.

How to Prevent Human Trafficking

There is no doubt that global interventions are in place to combat human trafficking. Globally, various nonprofit and faith-based organizations and human services professionals’ work together by using vital resources to identify, address, and resolve regarding this matter. Although the system is far from perfect, government officials around the world are working hard to improve the existing global interventions and the disclosure of this crime. Millions of women, children, and men who are forced to live inhumanely and by and(but) by working together globally, this will raise public awareness, advocacy, universal rights and humanitarian assistance and protection against human trafficking(run-on).

References

Academy for Educational Development. (2006). Individuals Interested in Helping to Combat Human Trafficking. Retrieved April 17, 2010 from http://www.humantrafficking.org/combat_trafficking

IFC International. Retrieved April 9, 2010

http://www.icfi.com/publications/pubs-category.asp?cid=8,

Not for Sale. (2009). Retrieved April 9, 2010

http://www.notforsalecampaign.org/about/

http://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/women/trafficking.pdf

Pathy Salett, LICSW, E. (2010). Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery. National MultiCultural Institute. Retrieved April 17, 2010 from http://www.nmci.org/news/news_items/trafficking.html

UNFPA (2003, May) Trafficking in Women, Girls and Boys Key Issues for Population and Development Programmes. Retrieved April 18, 2010 from

http://www.unfpa.org/publications/detail.cfm

*Team Paper: Global Macro Practice in Human Services 20 points*
*Content and Organization 14 Points*	*Points Earned:*	Comments:
	11.5	Good intro and conclusion. You did well talking about the nature of the problem. Good start on social and clinical issues, but needed to make sure to correctly label which is which and elaborate more on each. You mentioned some good organizations but needed to be more specific and elaborate more on the interventions offered.
All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way. · 1450-1750 word paper · Chose one of the topics approved · HIV/AIDS, · refugees, · world hunger, · child soldiers, · genocide, · human trafficking, · child labor, · other international human rights violations · Selected a social issue or vulnerable population affecting the global community, and examined · the nature of the population and · social issues confronting them, · the macro practice interventions for this group. · Used appropriate references from websites listed and other sources.
The content is comprehensive, accurate, and/or persuasive.
The paper develops a central theme or idea, directed toward the appropriate audience.
The paper links theory to relevant examples of current experience and industry practice and uses the vocabulary of the theory correctly.
Major points are stated clearly; are supported by specific details, examples, or analysis; and are organized logically. · Selected a social issue or vulnerable population affecting the global community, and examined · the nature of the population and · social issues confronting them, · the macro practice interventions for this group.
The introduction provides sufficient background on the topic and previews major points.
The conclusion is logical, flows from the body of the paper, and reviews the major points.

*Readability and Style 3 points*	*Points Earned*	Comments:
	2.25	Some confusing sections. Some confusing headings. Appropriate tone.
Paragraph transitions are present and logical and maintain the flow throughout the paper.
The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment.
Sentences are complete, clear, and concise.
Sentences are well-constructed, with consistently strong, varied sentences.
Sentence transitions are present and maintain the flow of thought.

*Mechanics 3 Points*	*Points Earned*	Comments:
	1.25	Note grammar and spelling errors. Missing in text citations at different places. Errors on reference page.
The paper, including the title page, reference page, tables, and appendices, follow APA guidelines for format.
Citations of original works within the body of the paper follow APA guidelines.
The paper is laid out with effective use of headings, font styles, and white space.
Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed.
Spelling is correct.

*Total Points*	*Points Earned*	Comments:

*Points Possible* 20	*Points Earned x Points Possible*	Points earned: 15 – 2 for 1 day late = 13

Week 5/BSHS302 Week 5 DQ 1 (Micro and Macro Human Services Practices).docx

Week 5, Discussion Question 1,

· What are some of the differences between micro and macro human service practice, with regard to goals and intervention strategies? What is a macro practice area you are interested in? Social Work Micro practice places emphasis on small-systems perspectives. Emphasis is on theories, methods, and techniques of practice within the contexts of individuals, families, and small social networks. Social Work Macro Practice focuses on work with organizations and communities, including planned change approaches and implementation. Social workers practice at the macro and micro level of health care and thus have the ability to influence policy change and development at local, state, and federal levels and within systems of care.

· What makes a population of people vulnerable? Share your thoughts on Table 14.1, A Chronology of Human Research. What type of information does this table yield with regard to the nature of the exploitation of vulnerable populations? One revealing way to identify vulnerable populations is to evaluate the history of commonly used human subjects in medical research because the most vulnerable members of society are often targeted as subjects for medical research experiments reflecting a sentiment that certain members of society are “disposable.” Those who were considered unable to make valuable contributions to society, those who may have been considered “less than human,” and those who may be perceived as deserving harsh treatment were often targeted for risky experiments because their loss to society would not have been considered particularly damaging to the community. Yet additional hallmarks of a vulnerable population include those who were unable to defend themselves including subjects who were incapacitated in some manner, either through limitations in intellect, language, or poverty, rendering them unable to give informed consent, indicating that they understood and readily agreed to the risks of participating in the experiment.

· In what ways can and have community organizing and development affect positive changes in the reduction of domestic violence and child abuse? Local advocacy organizations such as the YWCA lobby for governmental policies and laws that protect victims of crime, including sexual assault.