Microeconomics 300
Set of Additional Tutorial Exercises #2
Due Date: Friday 19 th September 4.30pm
Microeconomics 300 ‐ Dr Julian Inchauspe, Unit UC & Lecturer
Guidelines
1. Fill the Assignment Cover Sheet and attach it to your assignment. The Assignment Cover Sheet can be downloaded for the same place where
you found this document.
2. Hand‐written assignments are acceptable. No marks will be deducted for the presentation of this assignment.
3. Submit your assignment by due date and time to:
Julian Inchauspe’s Pigeon Hole
Student Reception Desk‐ School of Economics & Finance
Level 5
Building 402
Bentley Campus, Curtin University
Microeconomics 300 ‐ Semester 2, 2014 Additional Tutorial Exercises – Set 2
2
Problem 1. Topic: Oligopoly Models (25 Marks). Carol Dahl (2004, pp. 156‐160), an specialist in energy
economics, has claimed that the international crude oil market can be described with a price‐leadership
model in which OPEC 1 producers act as a price‐leader and non‐OPEC countries are price‐followers.
Interpret this information using the price‐leadership model covered in class and Varian (2014). Explain
carefully how OPEC takes price decisions and the reasons why OPEC may be considered a price leader.
Problem 2. Topic: Oligopoly Models (50 Marks). Suppose that there are two airlines operating a
particular route in Australia. You have been asked by the Australian government to research what would
happen under different hypothetical situations or scenarios. Your report will be corroborated with
further data at a later stage. The following information is available to you:
Demand: 550 50 , Firm 1 Cost Function: 50 Firm 2 Cost Function: 50 (Units: : $/ticket, : hundreds of passengers per week)
Now, proceed as follows to prepare a full report on different scenarios:
(a) The government is concerned about the implications of price setting under extreme circumstances.
To address this issue, your report will have to consider a price war scenario and a cartel scenario. The
government is also concerned about the possibility that Firm 1 may become a monopolist in the market,
which constitutes a third scenario. Estimate the quantities, prices and profits in each scenario.
Represent your answers graphically. To better explain the price war and cartel scenarios, represent the
profits in a game‐theory bi‐matrix. Hint: Assume that when the prices set by each firm are equal,
consumers buy 50% from Firm 1 and 50% from Firm 2. Otherwise, consumers buy from the cheapest
supplier. (15 Marks)
(b) The government now tells you that it is likely that the two firms are competing with each other by
setting quantities (i.e. trying to attract a number of costumers) as opposed to setting the price.
Calculate the output in this scenario and represent your answer in a graph. (10 Marks)
(c) A fifth scenario contemplates the possibility that Firm 1 may be a quantity leader. Calculate the
output in this scenario and represent your answer in a graph. (10 Marks)
(d) To summarise your overview on different scenarios, fill the empty boxes in the following table:
1 OPEC: Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Microeconomics 300 ‐ Semester 2, 2014 Additional Tutorial Exercises – Set 2
3
Bertrand Price Competition
Monopoly by Firm 1
Cartel Cournot Simultaneous quantity decisions
Stackelberg Leader/Follower quantity dec.
Total
Total
(1) DWL (2) CS (3) PS
Total (1)+(2)+(3)
Notation: DWL: Deadweight losses; CS: Consumers’ Surplus; PS: Producers’ Surplus (Firm 1 + Firm 2).
(15 Marks)
Problem 3. Topic: Monopoly Behaviour (25 Marks). This question Varian (2014, Ch. 26.7‐10; also found
in 2010, Ch. 25.7‐10) discusses the idea of “monopolistic competition”. Based on this theory:
(a) Use a diagram to explain what is meant by “monopolistic competition”. (10 Marks)
(b) Provide an original example (do not use the examples in the textbook). (5 Marks)
(c) Based on your example, discuss why firms may or may not find incentive to differentiate their
products. Use a diagram to explain your answer. (10 Marks)
References
Dahl, C (2004), International energy markets: Understanding pricing, policies and profits, Penn Well Co.,
Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Varian, HR (2010), Intermediate microeconomics: a modern approach, 8th edn, International Student
Edition, W. W. Norton & Company, New York.
Varian, Hal R. (2014). Intermediate Microeconomics with Calculus. International Students Edition. First
Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.