Biology Homework
Ibrahim
chapter11new.pptCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
Chapter 11
Cell Communication
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Overview: The Cellular Internet
- Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms
- What types of cell signaling have we discussed?
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
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Fig. 11-4
Plasma membranes
Gap junctions
between animal cells
(a) Cell junctions
Plasmodesmata
between plant cells
(b) Cell-cell recognition
Local Signaling
*
Figure 11.4 Communication by direct contact between cells
Fig. 11-5ab
Target cell
Secretory
vesicle
Secreting
cell
Local regulator
diffuses through
extracellular fluid
(a) Paracrine signaling
(b) Synaptic signaling
Target cell
is stimulated
Neurotransmitter
diffuses across
synapse
Electrical signal
along nerve cell
triggers release of
neurotransmitter
Local Signaling
*
Figure 11.5 Local and long-distance cell communication in animals
Fig. 11-5c
Long-Distance Signaling
Endocrine cell
Blood
vessel
Hormone travels
in bloodstream
to target cells
Target
cell
(c) Hormonal signaling
*
Figure 11.5 Local and long-distance cell communication in animals
- Hormone
Chemical signal
Secreted into the circulatory system
Communicates regulatory messages
Only Target cells equipped to respond
- Hormones Regulate:
- Growth
- Development
- Reproduction
- Homeostasis
- Concept 45.2: Signal Transduction Pathways
1. RECEPTION Hormones bind to target cell receptors
2. TRANSDUCTION Relays signal
3. RESPONSE Specific cell responses
Fig. 11-6-1
Reception
1
EXTRACELLULAR
FLUID
Signaling
molecule
Plasma membrane
CYTOPLASM
1
Receptor
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Figure 11.6 Overview of cell signaling
Fig. 11-6-2
1
EXTRACELLULAR
FLUID
Signaling
molecule
Plasma membrane
CYTOPLASM
Transduction
2
Relay molecules in a signal transduction pathway
Reception
1
Receptor
*
Figure 11.6 Overview of cell signaling
Fig. 11-6-3
EXTRACELLULAR
FLUID
Plasma membrane
CYTOPLASM
Receptor
Signaling
molecule
Relay molecules in a signal transduction pathway
Activation
of cellular
response
Transduction
Response
2
3
Reception
1
*
Figure 11.6 Overview of cell signaling
- 3 major classes of molecules function as hormones in vertebrates
Water-soluble:
1. Proteins and peptides
2. Amines (derived from amino acids)
Fat-soluble:
3. Steroids
Water-Soluble Hormones
Where are the Receptors for Water-Soluble hormones located?
(a) Receptor in plasma membrane
=Plasma Membrane
Water-Soluble Hormones
RECEPTION= Hormone binds to receptor in PM
TRANSDUCTION= signal pathway initiated in cytoplasm
(a) Receptor in plasma membrane
1.
2.
Water-Soluble Hormones
3. RESPONSE
A.CYTOPLASMIC = Protein in cytoplasm activated
-OR-
B. NUCLEAR = Transcription factor in nucleus is activated
1.
2.
3B.
3A.
Ex: Epinephrine- nuclear or cytoplasmic response?
Lipid-Soluble Hormones
Where are the Receptors for
Fat-Soluble hormones
located?
1.
= In the Nucleus
Lipid-Soluble Hormones
- Hormone easily moves through PM cytoplasm
- RECEPTION= Hormone binds with receptor in nucleus
1.
2.
Lipid-Soluble Hormones
3. TRANSDUCTION= Activated receptor binds to DNA transcription
4. RESPONSE= Protein synthesis
1.
3.
2.
4.
Lipid-Soluble Hormones
- Hormone easily moves through PM cytoplasm
- Hormone binds with receptor in nucleus
- Activated receptor binds to DNA transcription
- Protein synthesis
1.
3.
2.
4.
Ex Fat-Soluble Hormone: Estradiol Vitellogenin
- Estradiol produced by female birds
- Liver cells have receptor for estradiol
- Hormome-receptor complex binds DNA vitellogenin
- Vitellogenin used to produce egg yolk
