PSY essay

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PowerPoint Presentations for

Psychology

The Science of Behavior

Seventh Edition

Neil R. Carlson,

Harold Miller, C. Donald Heth,

John W. Donahoe, and

G. Neil Martin

Prepared by Linda Fayard

Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College

Chapter 7

Perception

Brain Mechanisms of Visual Perception

Visual Perception of Objects

Visual Perception of Space and Motion

Brain Mechanisms of Visual Perception

Primary Visual Cortex
Visual Association Cortex
Effects of Brain Damage on Visual Perception

Perception – brain’s use of information from the senses to produce a response

Primary Visual Cortex

Figure 7.2: Responses of a Single Cortical Neuron to Lines of Particular Orientations That are Passed Through its Receptive Field

Figure 7.3: Schematic Diagram

Effects of Brain Damage on

Visual Perception

Balint’s syndrome
Impaired ability to track location of objects
Visual agnosia
Impaired ability to recognize objects
Prosopagnosia
Impaired ability to recognize particular faces

Visual Perception of Objects

Figure and Ground
Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization
Models of Pattern Perception
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing: The Roles of Features and Context
Perceptual (“What”) and Action (“Where”) Systems: A Possible Synthesis

Law of Proximity
Law of Symmetry
Law of Similarity
Law of Continuity
Law of closure
Law of common fate

Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization

Figure 7.7: Object Perception and Boundaries

Figure 7.8(a): Gestalt Law of Proximity

Figure 7.8(b): Gestalt Law of Similarity

Figure 7.8(c): Gestalt Law of Good Continuation

Figure 7.8(d): Gestalt Law of Closure

Models of Pattern Perception

Figure 7.9: Distinctive Features

Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing:

The Roles of Features and Context

Bottom-up processing – data-driven or stimulus-driven processing

Top-down processing – knowledge-driven processing

Perceptual (“What”) and Action (“Where”) Systems:
A Possible Synthesis

The dorsal stream of vision responds to the location and orientation (where) of objects
The ventral stream gives us visually derived information about what the objects are (what)
Goodale and Milner (2004)

Visual Perception of Space and Motion

Depth Perception
Binocular Cues
Monocular Cues
Constancies of Visual Perception
Perceptual Constancy
Motion Perception
Compensation for Eye Movements
Perception of Movement when It Is Absent

Figure 7.21: Convergence

Figure 7.23: Interposition

Principle of good form – The objects could be:

(a) two identical rectangles as shown in (b) or

Figure 7.24: Linear Perspective

Figure 7.29: Müller-Lyer Illusion