abortion for for baber makayla

 

Assignment 2: Research Proposal – Thesis, Major Points, and Plan

 

Identify the topic you selected and explain two (2) reasons for using it.

I have selected the topic ABORTION. The reason why I choose this topic is because it has been a controversial topic and the debate never ends. Those who strongly oppose it do not bulge on their opinion and neither do those who support it. The abortion rules and regulations are different in different countries and are mainly influenced and guided by the people’s cultures and beliefs. There are 54 countries where abortion is legal, among them China and the USA. This paper will discuss induced abortion in China and Pakistan, being one of the countries where induced abortion is illegal unless it is to save the life of the mother.

2. Include a defensible, relevant thesis statement in the first paragraph.

3. Describe three (3) major characteristics of your audience (official position, decision-making power, current view on topic, other important characteristic).

4. Describe the paper’s scope and outline the major sections.

· The paper discusses the type of abortion ,Why People are against Abortion, Best Reason for and Against Abortion, Abortion Affects the Society

5. Identify and explain the questions to be answered.

· Explain type of abortion

1. Spontaneous Abortion: Also known as a miscarriage, this type of abortion refers to the termination of pregnancy without human interference (naturally) (Littleton and Engebretson 508).

2. Induced Abortion: This refers to “termination of pregnancy before fetal viability by medical or surgical intervention” (Littleton and Engebretson 508). This category can further be subdivided into two subcategories:

(i) Therapeutic Abortion: This is usually performed by medical practitioners due to inherent health risks that may be associated with carrying of the pregnancy or due to fetal illnesses.

(ii) Elective or Voluntary abortion: This occurs when a pregnancy is medically terminated at the request of a woman (Littleton and Engebretson 508). In this case, there are no health risks that are associated with carrying the pregnancy; rather, the woman simply does not wish to carry the pregnancy to full term and deliver the baby.

· Are there any Benefits if against Abortion

Those against abortion cite several potential benefits. These reasons include respect for human rights. According to them a fetus is a human being and his or her right to life should be guaranteed. They also cite the development of a society that respects God’s teachings and is more religious as a potential benefit.

· How Abortion Affects the Society (Makes it Better)

There are many reasons why abortion should be legalized. The most compelling is to save lives. Though some pro-life activists vehemently oppose any form of abortion, including therapeutic abortion, it is important to carry out the procedure on women who are at risk of losing their lives. In certain instances, doctors may recommend the termination of a pregnancy as a result of unmanageable risks. Some of the conditions that may necessitate therapeutic abortion are “high blood pressure, severe renal disease, tuberculosis, cancer, heart disease, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and a wide variety of relatively rare conditions” (502). If a woman suffering from one or more of these diseases is forced to carry a pregnancy to full term without surgical intervention, she may lose her life, as well as that of the unborn child. To save the mother’s life, it is important to abort the child.

Contrary to what some opponents say, legalizing abortion has the overall effect of reducing abortion-related deaths. When abortion is criminalized, women who are desperate to secure an abortion resort to self-induction or consult unqualified personnel. Instead of visiting qualified medical practitioners in safe facilities, they visit unscrupulous individuals in unsafe and unhygienic environments. Consequently, most of these women end up dying or developing severe complications that render them infertile or drastically reduce the quality of their lives. Each year, unsafe abortions lead to an estimated 70,000 maternal deaths and about five million disabilities in women (Ahman and Shah 1149). Legalizing abortion will ensure that all women have access to safe and legal mechanisms of securing abortions and thus reduce these deaths and disabilities.

Yet another reason to allow women to abort is to safeguard both their physical and psychological health. Sometimes, a woman may be in a position to carry the pregnancy to the full term. However, doing so may severely damage her physical and/or mental health. For instance, it is totally inhuman to force a woman who has been impregnated as a result of a rape incident to carry the pregnancy and deliver the rapist’s child. The woman should be allowed to terminate the pregnancy if she wishes to. Carrying the pregnancy and subsequently delivering the child can be traumatic and may have a huge psychological toll on her health. After all, she may neglect the child after birth or even abuse him because he is a constant reminder of the trauma the woman went through during the rape incident. The mother may not view the child as an innocent victim; rather, she may end up viewing him as a replica of the rapist. In the end, an innocent child ends up suffering for a crime that is not of his own making.

Another reason why abortion should be legalized is to reduce its prevalence. Statistics indicate that abortion is more prevalent in developing countries where laws are more conservative. In countries where laws are more liberal and abortion is legalized, fewer women resort to abortion. According to The Center for Bioethical Reform, “83% of all abortions are obtained in developing countries and 17% occur in developed countries” (Center for Bioethical Reform 3). Countries such as Netherlands, where abortion is legal on demand, have much lower rates of abortion than countries like Peru, where abortion is totally prohibited unless the mother’s life or health are in danger. A report by the Council of Europe’s Parliamentary Assembly Committee on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men titled Access to Safe and Legal Abortion in Europe concluded that “a ban on abortions does not result in fewer abortions, but mainly leads to clandestine abortions, which are more traumatic and more dangerous” (1). A 2007 study also showed that abortion rates were steeply declining in developed countries, where laws on abortion are flexible and are conducted safely, than in developing countries, where more than 50% of abortions are done unsafely (Sedgh, Henshaw, Singh, Åhman and Shah 1340).

One possible reason why abortion rates are higher in countries where the practice is banned by law is the fact that women in these countries do not get psychological guidance and counseling that forms part of the abortion procedure in countries that have legalized abortion. Before a doctor secures an abortion, he is obligated to inform his or her patient of all possible outcomes, as well as physical and psychological consequences of carrying on with the abortion. His or her client is also required to attend a counseling course. Some of these counseling courses have resulted in women changing their minds and deciding to carry the pregnancies to full term and delivering healthy babies. This would not be possible in situations where abortion is illegal.

It is also important to give women the right to choose the fate of their unborn child as well as giving them control of their bodies. When laws prohibit abortion, they effectively limit the woman’s freedom. A government or its laws should not exercise authority over such private issues as what happens in a woman’s womb. It should be left to the woman to decide whether to carry the pregnancy or not. Failure to give women this option breaches their fundamental human rights.

· Best Reason for and Against Abortion

The best reason for the support of abortion is to save women’s lives while the best for the opposition of abortion is to respect the right of life of unborn children.

· Why People are against Abortion

It may lead to death or a mother may became barren if not well conducted

· Where is Abortion Legal and How Does it Work?

It is impossible to list abortion laws as they apply to all countries. This is because these laws vary from country to country. However, it is possible to come up with some general observations. For instance, in most countries, with the exception of Laos, Maldives, Vatican City, Belize, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Tuvalu, Chile and Uruguay, abortion is allowed to save a mother’s life (McManus 30). Abortion is legal on demand in most of the developed countries (McManus, 30). These include Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, France and Denmark (McManus 30). However, in some countries it can only be performed during certain stages of fetal development. For instance, it may be allowed during the first trimester and banned during the second trimester (McManus 31). Again, the definitions of these trimesters vary widely from country to country. In almost all countries where it is allowed on demand, there are strict procedures that medical practitioners have to adhere to before performing the operation on a woman. For instance, they must inform her of all the possible consequences and counsel her. They must ensure that the ultimate decision to terminate the pregnancy comes from the woman herself.

6. Explain your research plan, including the methods of researching and organizing research.

7. Document at least three (3) primary sources and three (3) secondary sources. Use credible, academic 

Ahman E and Shah I. “Unsafe Abortion: Global Regional Incidence, Trends, Consequences, and Challenges.” Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Canada 31.12 (2009): 1149-1158. Print.

Alexander, Linda L., Judith Larosa, Helaine Bader, Susan Garfield and Williams Alexander J. New Dimensions in Women’s Health. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2010. Print.

Bryant, Richard D. Woodward and Gardner’s Obstetric Management and Nursing. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Center for Bioethical Reform. “Abortion Statistics.” Abortionno.org. CBR, n.d. Web. 07 September. 2014.. < http://www.abortionno.org/Resources/fastfacts.html >.

“Ethical Theories.” Aerostudents.com, n.d. Web. 07 September. 2014. < http://aerostudents.com/files/ethics/ethicalTheories.pdf >.

“In Remembrance: Women Who Died from Illegal and Unsafe Abortion.” Now.org. National Organization for Women, n.d. Web. 07 September. 2014.. < http://www.now.org/issues/abortion/120904women-who-died.html >.

Littleton, Lynna and Joan Engebretson. Maternal, Neonatal, and Women’s Health Nursing. Albany: Delmar Thompson Learning, Inc, 2002.