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Experiment Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport

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Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport Margaret Vorndam, M.S. Version 42-0037-00-01

Lab Report Assistant

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

Observations

Data Table 1: Cell Structures

Prokaryote Cell Structure Organism name:

Eukaryotic Cell Structure Organism name:

Flagella Cell wall

Capsule or slime layer Nucleoid

Plasma membrane Cytoplasm

Ribosome Thylakoid

Endospore

Pseudopodia Cell membrane

Nucleus Cytoplasm

Contractile vacuole Food vacuole

Endospore

Experiment Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport

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Data Table 2: Diffusion Rate Comparison

Medium

Beginning Time, T

End Time, T 1

Length of Time in hours

= T 1 – T

Movement of color in mm

Rate of diffusion in mm/hour

Semisolid (Gelatin)

Liquid (Water)

Experiment Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport

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Data Table 3: Diffusion through a Differentially Permeable Membrane

At Beginning of Exercise At End of Exercise

What are its contents?

What it its initial

color?

What is its final color?

Benedict’s test color

What are its final contents?

Dialysis Tubing

Beaker Water

Experiment Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport

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Exercise 1: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - Differences in Cell Structure and Function

Results

1. What differences are observed between the two cells that were drawn?

2. List the specific cell part that each cell type possesses to:

Prokaryote Eukaryote Escape from hazardous conditions?

Regulate water content?

Store food?

Reproduce?

Experiment Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport

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Questions

A. With which cell type, prokaryote or eukaryote, are you most familiar?

B. Which cell type would be most successful in extreme environments? Why?

C. Because the Prokaryote bacteria are generally 3 µm or less in length, they may not exhibit specific structures under a compound light microscope. What type of microscope would be a better choice for viewing bacteria?

D. Research amoebas online and give a few examples including where they are found and what energy source they use.

E. Discuss whether cyanobacteria and amoebas are beneficial or detrimental to humans and to the environment in general.

Exercise 2: Eukaryotes – Plant and Animal Cell Structure and Function Results

1. What differences are observed between the two cells that were drawn?

Experiment Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport

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2. List the cell part that each cell type possesses to:

Plant Animal

Regulate water content?

Produce energy to power cell function?

Store food?

Reproduce?

Questions

A. With which cell type, plant or animal, are you most familiar?

B. Which cell type would be most successful in extreme environments? Why?

Experiment Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport

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C. Outline the general differences between plant and animal cells in Table 1. Then outline the similarities.

Table 1: Comparison of Structure and Function: Animal and Plant Cells

Animal Cells Plant Cells

Differences:

Similarities:

Experiment Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport

Exercise 3: Transport of Materials through Cell Membranes – An Example of Passive Transport Questions

A. Which medium exhibited the fastest rate of diffusion?

B. What might be reasons to explain the differences in the rate of diffusion?

C. Graph the two sets of results from Table 2 on the same graph using a computer spreadsheet program and include this graph in your report. Why is simultaneous graphing of the results useful here? What type of graph would best demonstrate rates of diffusion in gelatin versus liquid? Hint: The graph should show a continuity from T

o to T

1 for both mediums.

Discussion

A. Were your two hypotheses supported or refuted?

Experiment Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport

B. How might the rate of diffusion be increased? Decreased?

C. How might this be tested?

D. Why is this exercise be an example of passive transport?

E. Why must the spread of the coloring in the gelatin be monitored? For example, why can it not just be left for 10 hours before the measurement is taken?

Experiment Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport

F. What would be a graphic method to detect when the rate of diffusion in the gelatin was at maximum and was beginning to slow?

G. Construct a table that compares your results to the average of your classmates’ results, if available. Indicate how many classmates’ results are represented in the average (N=?). Include it in your report. Are results similar? If not, what might explain the differences in outcomes?

Exercise 4: Transport of Materials through Cell Membranes – An Example of Active Transport Questions

A. What are the test substances?

B. Why did a color change occur in the jar water? What does the color change indicate?

C. Why did a color change occur in the dialysis bag? What does the color change indicate?

D. What does the Benedict’s reagent test detect? What does the test of the jar water indicate?

E. What DID NOT diffuse across the dialysis bag membrane? Why?

Experiment Cell Structure and Function: Cell Types and Transport

Discussion

A. Was your hypothesis supported or refuted?

B. How might the dialysis membrane tubing be similar to a plasma membrane?

C. What type of transport mechanism does this exercise simulate?

D. What can be concluded from this exercise?

Laboratory Summary

What have you learned from doing this laboratory?