UMUC Intro to Criminal justice

Fines

Table 6.1 Types of Correctional Sanctions

Chapter 6 • Community Corrections 161

Community service work (CSW)

Probation

Day reporting center (ORC)

Intensive supervision probation (lSP)

Community correctional facilities

Jail

Shock incarceration

Boot camps

Prisons

Fines are often a part of a larger probation sentence. Some jurisdictions have developed more rigorous monetary penalties called "day fines" that require payment of a percentage of an offender's income over time rather than a flat fee. CSW requires that a set number of volunteer hours be completed within a specified period of time. Some jurisdictions use CSW as a stand-alone punishment, especially for misdemeanor offenders. CSWfor felony offenders is most commonly used as a special condition of their probation sentence. A term of court-ordered supervision during which offenders remain in the community provided that they follow certain conditions. A form of community supervision requiring offenders to report to a ORCon a daily or near-daily basis. ORCsmay house a variety of services and programs for which offenders are required to participate such as drug testing, GEO courses, and counseling. A form of supervision involving frequent contact, perhaps several times a week, between offenders and probation officers. Some jurisdictions may require offenders' confinement to their residence (i.e., "house arrest") when not engaged in approved activities. ISP may involve electronic monitoring or Global Positioning System (GPS) devices in some jurisdictions. Refers to a wide variety of facilities designed to hold offenders for relatively brief periods of time. May serve as a work-release facility in which offenders go into the community for work or other approved activities but are otherwise required to remain in the facility. Such facilities are also used for residential treatment programs for special-needs offenders. May also serve as halfway house facilities for recently released prisoners.

Offenders who are sentenced by the court to less than a year of incarceration (the maximum may be less in some jurisdictions) usually serve their sentences in jails or detention centers run by the county or municipality. Jail sentences may involve work-release provisions or may be followed by a period of community supervision. Some states give judges or correctional authorities the authority to grant early conditional releases to eligible offenders who have been sentenced to a period of regular incarceration. This release typically follows a brief period of confinement (30-180 days) and is conditional upon the offenders' remaining on community supervision for a specified time upon release. Also known as"shock probation" in some jurisdictions. Also referred to as shock incarceration programs in some jurisdictions, boot camps involve a brief (lessthan six months) confinement in a secure facility in which inmates go through a period of drill and instruction modeled on basic military training. Common features include the use of physical exercise and instruction in an attempt to instill discipline, self-control, and normative behaviors. Most boot-camp programs now include varying degrees of rehabilitative interventions such as educational and drug treatment programs. May be followed by a period of community supervision. Also referred to as penitentiaries or correctional institutions. Typically hold felony offenders sentenced to incarceration for more than one year and those returned to prison for parole violations. Security levels and the types of services and offenders they are designed to accommodate vary among prisons. Prisoners under sentences of death are typically held on "death roW:a wing in a high-security institution in or near where executions are carried out.