23 questions about Textile class.

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Chapter 9

Special Use Fibers

T101
Survey of the Textile Industry

Christina Rapa

[email protected]

215-490-7999

Online access:

Future Materials
URL: Connect to http://www.wtin.com/

*Once you have logged in click the MyWTiN icon in the upper right of the page. Then, scroll down and click the Digital Magazines Icon

Article review due Tuesday, September 30th Via Email. Submit as a Word or Google Doc.
One page, double spaced (no more than 12 font)
Choose an article relating to: Textiles (Fiber, Yarn, Fabric) - review the topic & include your opinion
MLA Format (in text citations, works cited)

Article Review #2 – Future Materials
Due Tuesday, September 30th

Elastomers: a natural or synthetic polymer which at room temperature can be stretched repeatedly to at least twice its original length and which, after removal of the tensile load, will immediately and forcibly return to approximately its original length

Elastomeric Fibers

Power stretch:
ability of a fiber or fabric to exhibit high retractive forces that mold, support, or shape the body
Comfort stretch:
ability of a fiber or fabric to elongate slightly as the body moves and to recover a significant portion of that elongation when the stretching force is removed

Kinds of Stretch

Manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is comprised of natural or synthetic rubbers
Natural rubber: from plant source
Synthetic rubbers: synthetic sources

Rubber (Latex)

Excellent elongation & elasticity
Low tenacity influences end use
Poor resistance to aging, sunlight, oil, perspiration, oxidizing agents
Low dyeability, hand, & regain

Properties of both types of rubber

Allergies to Latex

Spandex

Spandex = segmented polyurethane

Relaxed Extended

Aesthetic
Seldom used alone
No cover yarn needed
Durability
More durable than rubber
Improved tenacity & flex life
Similar elongation & elasticity
Better resistance to body oils, perspiration, chemicals, & aging

Properties of Spandex

Grin-through in a swimsuit

made of nylon and spandex

Fabric Swatchkit #62

Properties and Uses of Spandex

Comfort
Low regain
Moderate density

Care
Resistant to cleaning chemicals
Thermoplastic

Uses
Apparel
Technical
Interiors

Manufactured fiber of
at least 50% by weight of aliphatic polyether
at least 35% by weight of polyester
Elongation of 600%
Low tenacity
Lower elasticity compared to other elastomers
Superior strength retention in wet heat conditions & after treatment with alkalis
Better dyeability & print clarity compared to spandex

Elastoester

Teijin “Rexe”

An elastic bicomponent polyester
Good inherent stretch with

excellent recovery

Easy care
Used in active sportswear, leisure wear

Elasterell-P

High temperature fibers can be used continuously at temperatures over 200° C without significant decomposition and retain the majority of their physical properties

Fibers with Chemical, Heat,
or Fire Resistance

Aramid

Manufactured fiber of synthetic polyamide
At least 85% of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings

Processing: wet or dry spun & drawn
Physical structure: staple or filament

Aramid (Kevlar / Nomex)

Exceptional heat and flame resistance & strength
High tenacity & resistance to stretch
Resistant to most chemicals
Excellent impact & abrasion resistance
Regain of 4.5%
Usually mass pigmented
Uses: technical fiber; protective apparel

Properties and End Uses of Aramid

Fiberglass

Glass = Silicon Dioxide

Process: melt spun, not drawn
Incombustible
Good strength, but low flex abrasion resistance

Low elongation
High density
Nonabsorbent
Uses: interiors and technical

Glass

Miraflex – Bicomponent Glass Fiber

Manufactured fiber composed of metal, plastic coated metal, metal coated plastic, or a core completely covered by metal
Processing: laminating or metalizing

Metal and metallic fibers

Production of Metallic Fibers

Uses: apparel, interiors, and technical

Metallic Fiber end uses

Modacrylic

Latent crimp for realistic fake furs
Low abrasion resistance & tenacity
Good elongation
Warm and soft
Low regain
Moderate density
Moderate resiliency & dimensional stability
High elastic recovery

Properties of Modacrylic

Fabric Swatch Kit #64

Resists most common fiber degradants
Flame retardant, but heat sensitive
Washable or dry cleanable
Uses:
interiors; apparel; technical (protective clothing, filters, wigs, blankets & upholstery in airplanes)

Properties and End Uses
of Modacrylic

Manufactured fiber with at least 35% by weight of cross-linked novolac (cured phenol-aldehyde fiber)

Properties: outstanding flame resistance; good resistance to sunlight; inert to most chemicals
Used for flame retardant technical products

Novoloid

Flame retardant
Good tenacity & breaking elongation
Mass pigmented
Uses: heat resistance apparel; interiors for aircraft & hospitals; filters & membranes
Process: dry spun & drawn

PBI (polybenzimidazole)

PBI Flame Test

Good tenacity and breaking elongation
Excellent elasticity & resistance to acids/alkalis
Low regain
Moderate density
Uses:
filtration fabrics; papermaking felts, membranes, rubber reinforcement, & electrical insulation

Sulfar
PPS - polyphenylene sulfide

Manufactured fiber
long-chain synthetic polymer
at least 85% by weight of vinylidene chloride units

Production: melt spun, hot drawn

Saran
PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride)

Good weathering properties
Resistant to chemicals
Tough and durable with good tenacity
Low regain
Heavy
Does not support combustion
Uses: competes with olefin

Properties and End Uses of Saran

Low tenacity
Very sensitive to heat
Unaffected by moisture
Chemically stable
Poor conductor of electricity
Does not burn
Uses: bonding agents for rugs, papers, & fiberwebs & technical products

Vinyon
(PVC – Poly Vinyl Chloride)

Fabric Swatch Kit #109

Manufactured fiber
95% of a long chain polymer synthesized from aliphatic fluorocarbon monomers;
polymerized under pressure and heat with catalyst.
Properties:
average tenacity, low elongation, good pliability; heavy; temperature resistant; resistant to chemicals, sunlight, weathering, & aging; low friction coefficient
Technical uses

Fluoropolymer
(Teflon fiber)

Heat stabilized, cross-linked polyacrylonitrile
Carbon nanofibers and nanotubes:
strong, heavy, absorbent, low thermal expansion, inert, biocompatible
Carbon nanoparticles:
action, ultrviolet protection, odor absorption or resistance, static resistantance, abrasion resistant, strong

Carbon

High strength and regain
Rigid and moderately heavy
Exceptional heat resistance
Very low coefficient of thermal expansion
Chemically inert and biocompatible

Properties and End Uses of Carbon

Olympic Bobsleds:

Lightest ever crafted

VIDEO

Moderate strength; 5% regain;
Low elongation at break; moderately heavy;
Fair abrasion resistance; good to excellent resistance to most chemicals
Low cost competitor for meta-aramid, PBI, sulfar, and polyimide

Melamine

Moderately strong; 20% elongation at break
Low moisture regain; moderate specific gravity
Good abrasion resistance; good to excellent resistance to most chemicals
Moderately high cost
Uses: filters, protective clothing, fire block seating

Polyimide

Nonflammable; high temperature resistance; good tenacity; 1.5 density; 2% regain; 3.5% breaking elongation
Uses: reinforcing fiber in resins

PBO
(poly phenylene benzobisoxazole)

Composed of: metal oxides, metal carbides, metal nitrides, or other mixtures
High thermal resistance; high strength; rigid
Uses: reinforcing fibers in resins or other compounds

Ceramic Fibers

Biopolymer: fermented & melt spun from cornstarch

Properties:
luster, drape, and hand of silk, quick drying properties, good wrinkle resistance, good flame and ultraviolet light resistance

Uses: apparel, interiors, and technical

PLA (polylactide)………..

Ingeo Video