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Joy Nissan

9/23/2014

Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 5 Lab Report

Title: Taxonomy Lab to Show Organism Relationships

Part 1

Table 1: Samples 1–5

Phylum/Division	Sample 1: Chrysophyta	Sample 2: Annelida	Sample 3: Arthropoda	Sample 4: Amphibia	Sample 5: Aves
Common Feature
Nutrition How does the organism break down and absorb food?	Autotrophic	Heterotrophic	Heterotrophic	Heterotrophic	Heterotrophic
Circulatory System (Transport) How does the organism get what it needs to cells (open, closed, diffusion only)?	Diffusion	Closed with 5 aortic arches (hearts)	Open circulatory system with a heart pumping hemolymph	-chambered heart	With chambered heart
Respiratory System How does the organism get oxygen and release carbon dioxide?	Diffusion	Diffusion through skin	Diffusion through tracheal tubes	Diffusion through gills as a tadpole through lungs and skin (especially) as adults	Diffusion through lungs
Reproductive System Does the organism use asexual or sexual reproduction (eggs, seeds, spores, placenta, and type of fertilization)?	Asexual	Hermaphrodites: One body has both sexes Sexual: Has special organ called clitellum that moves from the front of the worm to the rear and then falls off, containing the eggs	Sexual: Mostly internal fertilization	Sexual: Mostly external fertilization; must be in water or very moist area	Sexual: Eggs, internal
Excretory System How does the organism get rid of wastes and maintain an ionic balance of fluids?	Diffusion	Nephridia in each segment; solid waste exits through the anus	Malpighian tubules	Kidneys, intestines, anus	None
Growth and Development Does the organism go through metamorphosis, develop in an egg or uterus, or grow from seeds?	Starts as small cells; grow bigger until division	Start out as fertilized eggs, hatch into little worms that continue to grow, and then mature sexually into adults	Complete (egg, larvae, pupae, adult) or incomplete (egg, nymph, adult) metamorphosis	Metamorphosis: Egg, tadpole, adult	Develop in egg
Regulation How does the organism control body processes (hormones, nervous system)?	The nucleus directs protein synthesis. Euglena have eye spots that can detect light	Tiny anterior brain, ganglia, and the nerve cord runs the length of the body	Tiny anterior brain, nerve cord, ganglia, and extremely well-developed sensory organs	Brain, nervous system, good reflexes	Nervous and endocrine systems
Sample organism	Phytoplankton	Earthworm	Fruit Fly	Frog	Bird

Table 2: Samples 6–10

Phylum/Division	Sample 6: Reptilians	Sample 7: Mammalia	Sample 8: Bryophyta	Sample 9: Gymnosperm	Sample 10: Angiosperm
Common Feature
Nutrition How does the organism break down and absorb food?	Heterotrophic	Heterotrophic	Autotrophic	Autotrophic	Autotrophic
Circulatory System (Transport) How does the organism get what it needs to cells (open, closed, diffusion only)?	Closed with 4 chambered heart	Closed with 4 chambered heart	Diffusion through cell walls and cell membranes	Xylem and phloem	Xylem and phloem
Respiratory System How does the organism get oxygen and release carbon dioxide?	Diffusion through the lungs	Diffusion through the lungs	Diffusion through cell membranes	Diffusion through stomata	Diffusion through stomata
Reproductive System Does the organism use asexual or sexual reproduction (eggs, seeds, spores, placenta, and type of fertilization)?	Sexual: Eggs; internal	Sexual: Placental, in-uterus development (internal)	Sexual: Alternation of generations. Must be in a moist area for the sperm to swim to the egg	Sexual: Alternation of generations. Pollen is the male sex cell	Sexual: Alternation of generations. Pollen is the male sex cell
Excretory System How does the organism get rid of wastes and maintain an ionic balance of fluids?	Kidneys, intestines, anus	Kidneys, intestines, anus	None	None	None
Growth and Development Does the organism go through metamorphosis, develop in an egg or uterus, or grow from seeds?	Develop in egg	Develop in-uterus	Spores, not seeds	Naked seeds in cones	Seeds protected in pods, shells, fruit, and so forth
Regulation How does the organism control body processes (hormones, nervous system)?	Nervous and endocrine	Big brain; well-developed nervous system and endocrine system	None	Hormones in apical bud, root, and stem	Hormones in apical bud, root, stem, and leaves
Sample organism	Snake	Cat	Moss	Pine Tree	Rose

Part 2: Using the completed data table, answer the following questions:

1. What is common among all samples?

· The reproductive system within all the samples are all considered sexual in one form or another.

2. What is common among organisms from samples 1, 9, and 10?

· Samples 1, 9, and 10 are autotrophic in nature.

3. What is common between the circulatory system of organisms from samples 5, 6, and 7, but different in organisms from sample 4?

· The commonalities between 5, 6, and 7 are that they all are closed with 4-chambered heart while sample 4 is closed with a 3-chambered heart.

4. What is common in the respiration system of organisms from samples 2 and 4?

· Both of these samples process diffusion through the skin with one exception, sample 4 can only process this as an adult.

5. What gas is delivered to the respiratory system of organisms from samples 1, 9, and 10? Why?

· These samples produce Oxygen all through the process of photosynthesis. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and releases oxygen into the air. Without this gas in the air we could not survive.

6. Which organisms are producers?

· Autotrophic organisms are the producers.

7. Which organisms are decomposers?

· The heterotrophic organisms are the decomposers.

8. Look at the surface of your hand. You will see the skin and hair made up of protein called keratin. Which organisms did humans inherit that protein from?

· Mammalia would be where we inherited keratin from. This type of organism produces hair and skin just the same as a human does.

9. Which organisms have blood?

· The Heterotrophic organisms have blood flowing through their tiny little veins.

References

1. Jenny, E. (2012), eHow, Which Organisms Are Characterized as Decomposers?

http://www.ehow.com/info_8551069_organisms-characterized-decomposers.html

2. M.U.S.E., AIU Online (2012)

https://mycampus.aiu-online.com/courses/SCIE207/u3/hub1/hub.html

https://mycampus.aiu-online.com/courses/SCIE207/u3/hub1/index.html