CRJ 240 MODULE 8 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

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The apartheid system:

a. was founded by whites in 1950.

b. set up strict social, economic, and legal barriers amongst whites, blacks, and coloreds.

c. influences criminal justice administration even today.

d. all of the choices apply.

Dysfunctional families are usually characterized by:

a. a solid emotional support system for juveniles living with many family members.

b. continuous social and emotional support from parents who, nevertheless, must face minor problems in the work place.

c. emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and parents who have long repressed hostility and anger.

d. strong social support for children based upon loving relationships between parents and children.

The trend in China is to:

a. place more and more youths on probation.

b. move toward a more formal system of justice.

c. place most juveniles in institutions for five or more years.

d. both place more and more youths on probation and move toward a more formal system of justice.

Police in Australia:

a. arrest whenever possible.

b. make little use of the formal and informal cautioning process.

c. try hard to protect Aboriginal youth.

d. none of the choices apply.

The authors of the textbook believe that four key themes for turning juveniles lives around are:

a. hope, habilitation, punishment, and reinforcement.

b. modeling behavior, punishment, fear, and reinforcement.

c. habilitation, honor, healing, and hope.

d. punishment, fear, reinforcement, and behavior extinction.

Which of the following does the United States have more of than most of the other industrialized nations of the world?

a. More uneducated citizens

b. Higher dropout rates

c. Minimal reading skills

d. All of the choices apply

Developing countries governed by indigenous populations rely on rules:

a. drawn up by legislators and codified in law books.

b. passed down through the oral history of the country.

c. enforced by family and community members.

d. both passed down through the oral history of the country and enforced by family and community members.

The restorative model focuses on which of the following ideas?

a. Offenders must face consequences for their actions

b. Enough sanctions should be developed to punish offenders quickly

c. The offender's family is partly responsible for the youth's actions

d. All of the choices apply

Current trends suggest that in the future:

a. more juveniles will be executed.

b. fairness for minorities will increase.

c. society will have more troubled teenagers.

d. all of the choices apply.

10.

The purpose of family conferences is to implement the:

a. crime control model.

b. welfare model.

c. restorative model.

d. due process model.

11.

Structural changes needed in modern society to reduce the problems of the juvenile justice system include:

a. a social structure sensitive to the needs of all social classes.

b. a reorganization of neighborhoods to make them safe.

c. schools that prepare youths for the realities of life after graduation.

d. all of the choices apply.

12.

Juvenile justice in South Africa today is:

a. just now being developed as a separate system from that of adults.

b. well-developed and fair.

c. accepted by nations as in need of a western model.

d. all of the choices apply.

13.

Australian panels are being replaced by:

a. police review boards.

b. Magistrates' Evaluation Boards.

c. Family Conferences.

d. Probation Assessment Panels.

14.

High-risk children often tend to:

a. become great successes in life because of their backgrounds.

b. be highly confident, look out for others, and be tolerant of those who disagree with them.

c. be self-absorbed and resent anyone who confronts them.

d. accept the realities of society and their own roles in their failure.

15.

The mission of juvenile justice includes:

a. correcting offenders so they will not return to the juvenile justice system.

b. providing justice to juveniles who are referred to the juvenile justice system.

c. coaching older juveniles as to how they should behave as they enter the adult justice system.

d. both correcting offenders so they will not return to the juvenile justice system and providing justice to juveniles who are referred to the juvenile justice system.

16.

Youths most likely to be killed by police in Brazil are those:

a. who are caught in the act of committing serious offenses.

b. of African, Native Indian, and mixed parentage.

c. females working the streets as beggars.

d. all of the choices apply.

17.

Which of the following are predicted to decrease in severity in the future?

a. Guns

b. Drugs

c. Gangs

d. None of the choices apply

18.

The first United Nations rules designed to protect children were the:

a. Riyadh guidelines.

b. JOL rules.

c. Beijing rules.

d. rules for the treatment of prisoners.

19.

England's Criminal Justice Act, 1991 emphasized a:

a. welfare model.

b. crime control model.

c. due process model.

d. restorative model.

20.

Juvenile justice today:

a. is a central area of concern for governments.

b. matches education in the cost of its funding.

c. is a marginal area of concern for most politicians.

d. has many interest groups supporting it.