CRJ 240 MODULE 4 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

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A preliminary investigation is conducted by probation officers at or during:

a. intake.

b. investigation.

c. supervision.

d. release of offender.

The United States Supreme Court has ruled that only juveniles over the age of _____ can be executed for their crimes.

a. 10

b. 12

c. 14

d. 17

What percent of juveniles currently are waived to adult court?

a. 5 percent

b. 15 percent

c. 25 percent

d. 36 percent

Judges must hold probable cause hearings when:

a. prosecutors file to send a juvenile to adult court.

b. cases come to the adult court by a mandatory judicial waiver.

c. cases come to the adult court by a discretionary judicial waiver.

d. all of the choices apply.

The probation official who has replaced the case worker is the:

a. police officer.

b. community resource manager.

c. intake officer.

d. referee.

Which is the correct order in which probation services are provided?

a. Intake, investigation, supervision

b. Supervision, intake, investigation

c. Investigation, intake, supervision

d. Arrest, intake, investigation, supervision, bail

In order for a state to have a valid death penalty, judges must consider:

a. mitigating circumstances.

b. statistical ambiguities in demographic trends.

c. historical traditions of the court.

d. future impact of the penalty on deterring crimes.

According to studies on restitution, which of the following are among the primary goals of restitution programs?

a. Hold parents accountable for their children's offenses

b. They set-up local programs to fully reimburse victims for their financial damages at their expense

c. They hold juveniles accountable for their offenses

d. All of the choices apply

The balanced approach in probation focuses on:

a. arrest, conviction, and confinement.

b. correction, rehabilitation, and aftercare.

c. the community, the victim, and the offender.

d. both arrest, conviction, and confinement and correction, rehabilitation, and aftercare.

10.

Which of the following are (is/a) goal(s) of electronic monitoring programs?

a. To reduce the number of field contacts required by home-confinement officers

b. To provide for early unification with the juvenile's family

c. To keep the juvenile out of school

d. Both to reduce the number of field contacts required by home-confinement officers and to provide for early unification with the juvenile's family

11.

Which of the following is the most widely used organization of probation in the United States?

a. Local/judicial

b. State/judicial

c. State/executive

d. Local/executive or a combination

12.

To keep youths out of the adult system, Hamparian, et al. have proposed the formation of a(n):

a. hidden system of justice.

b. youthful offender system.

c. net widening system.

d. none of the choices apply.

13.

Probation officers must satisfy:

a. the needs of the client.

b. only the juvenile justice system needs.

c. their own ego needs.

d. all of the choices apply.

14.

The law views juveniles as:

a. practical, reasoning, and rule-following being.

b. an instinctually based, driven being.

c. an emotional, feeling, and inconsistent being.

d. none of the choices apply.

15.

When juveniles are ordered to find jobs, hold them, and pay back victims, they are in a _____ program.

a. treatment

b. surveillance

c. restitution

d. compensation

16.

_____ is a program of intermediate punishment whereby youths are ordered to remain confined in their residences.

a. Solitary confinement

b. Clinical confinement

c. House arrest

d. Stay home

17.

Well-developed probation programs should help overcome what traditionally weak component of the juvenile justice program?

a. Reinforcement of positive behavior

b. Getting psychoanalytic techniques into the community

c. Attacking community disorganization

d. None of the choices apply

18.

The Integrated Social Control (ISC) model of intensive supervision:

a. focuses on strain, control, and social learning theories.

b. argues that many youths are inadequately socialized.

c. maintains that youths have weak bonding to the community.

d. all of the choices apply.

19.

Data on juveniles who received the death penalty indicate that:

a. juveniles received the death penalty in numbers equal to that of adults.

b. juveniles received the death penalty more frequently than adults.

c. juveniles received the death penalty far less frequently than adults.

d. no data are available on how many juveniles have received the death penalty.

20.

_____ is when states offer financial incentives or manpower to local systems if all probationers are handled in the local system.

a. Local determination

b. Financial redistribution

c. Probation subsidy

d. State organization of control