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preventing_violence_chap4.pdf

Violence is defined by the World Health

Organization as the intentional use of physical force

or power, threatened or actual, against a person, or

against a group or community, that either results in

or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death,

psychological harm or deprivation.

Direct violence: The most visual form, hurting people

physically by war, beating people, abuse, mobbing, etc.

It can either be experienced yourself or seen on the

street but it can as well be ‘transmitted’ by movies,

games, etc.

Cultural violence makes direct and structural violence look or feel "right," or at least not wrong, according to Galtung . The

study of cultural violence highlights the way in which the act of

direct violence and the fact of structural violence are legitimized and

thus made acceptable in society. One mechanism of cultural violence

is to change the "moral colour" of an act from "red/wrong" to

"green/right," or at least to "yellow/acceptable."

Self-directed violence: Self-directed violence is subdivided into suicidal

behavior and self-abuse

Interpersonal violence: Interpersonal violence is divided into two subcategories:

Family and intimate partner violence – that is, violence

largely between family members and intimate partners

Collective violence: Collective violence is subdivided into social, political

and economic violence

• The first level identifies biological and personal factors that influence how individuals behave and increase their likelihood

of becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence.

• The second level focuses on close relationships, such as those with family and friends.

• The third level explores the community context—i.e., schools, workplaces, and neighbourhood .

• The fourth level looks at the broad societal factors that help to create a climate in which violence is encouraged or inhibited.

•Developing safe, stable and nurturing relationships between children and their parents and caregivers.

•Developing life skills in children and adolescents •Reducing the availability and harmful use of alcohol •Reducing access to guns •Promoting gender equality and challenging gender norms and roles to prevent violence against women

•Changing cultural and social norms that support violence •Victim identification, care and support program’s.

Physical Abuse

non accidental, intentional injury inflicted on another person.

Physical Neglect

willing deprivation of essential care needed to sustain basic

human needs and to promote growth and development.

Emotional Abuse

use of threats, verbal insults, or other acts of degradation that

are intended to be injurious or damaging to another's self-

esteem.

Physical Abuse

non accidental, intentional injury inflicted on another person.

Physical Neglect

willing deprivation of essential care needed to sustain basic human

needs and to promote growth and development.

Emotional Abuse

use of threats, verbal insults, or other acts of degradation that are

intended to be injurious or damaging to another's self-esteem.

Emotional Neglect

absence of a warm, interpersonal atmosphere that is necessary for

psychosocial growth, development, and the promotion of positive

feelings of self-worth and self-esteem.

Incest

sexual activity performed between members of a family group.

 Sexual Abuse

lack of comprehension and consent on the part of the

individual involved in sexual activities that are either

exploitative or physically intimate in nature (e.g. Fondling,

oral or genital contact, masturbation, unclothing, etc.)

●the incorporation of violence within the family teaches

the children that the use of violence is appropriate

●the abuser may expect perfection and maybe obsessed

with discipline and control.

●Adult family members who feel inadequate in their roles

may use violence in an attempt to prove themselves and to

maintain superiority.

Child neglect: the failure to provide for the child basic

necessities; may be classified as physical or emotional

neglect.

●failure to thrive: infant or child is not within normal ranges

on the growth chart.

●Infant or child does not appear to be physically cared for.

● Inappropriate diapering, diaper rash, strong urine smell

to the body may be seen in infants who have been neglected.

●Evidence of malnutrition.

●Lack of adequate supervision; child is allowed to engage in

dangerous play activities and sustains frequent injuries.

Language development may be delayed

Withdrawal; inappropriate fearfulness.

Parents may be apathetic and unresponsive to the child's needs.

The nurse is most often able to observe the parent-child

interaction in school situations, in a doctor's office. Or in the

emergency room.

Typical victim.

●Woman of advanced age with few social contacts.

●At least one physical or mental impairment, limiting the

person's ability to perform activities of daily living.

The violence in the family is frequently associated with

alcohol; often, there is a history of the woman's parents

having a violence relationship.

After the violent attack, the husband is frequently

remorseful, kind, and loving. He may promise that he will

never do it again.

Women tend to stay in abuse situations.

Forced, violent, sexual attack on an individual without his or her

consent.

Sexual assault is nor means of sexual gratification;

Victims; in all age ranges; highest risk age group is 12 to 20 years

old.

Majority of rape are not sudden and impulsive, but they are well-

planned.

Most women know the rapist; most rape assaults occur between

people of the same race.