less than hour 10 sentence

Primary Source Paraphrase Exercise

For this assignment, you must choose one document and write a single paragraph

summarizing the contents of that document. This paragraph must include

paraphrasing, use of direct quotations, and a footnote citation of the document

evidence at the end of your paragraph.

1. Paraphrasing

 Paraphrasing is the process of summarizing or restating someone else’s writing into your own original language. It is an effective way

to explain a section of or entire primary source document by

summarizing and condensing its contents.

2. Direct Quotations

 Utilizing direct quotations enables you, the writer, to present the original ideas or writing of someone else through the proper use of

quotation marks. It is an effective way to support your paraphrasing or

your arguments by presenting direct evidence from original sources.

3. Citing your Evidence a. You must use a variation of “Chicago” or “Turabian” style to cite

your evidence (i.e. footnotes). How the footnotes should appear for

the essay in this class:

Thomas Jefferson, “Discusses the ‘Nature’ of Blacks and

Worn-Out Soils,” (1787), 1.

Author, “Title of Document,” (Date of Production), Page

Number of Evidence from the Document. [If any parts of

this format are missing in the document, that’s okay. Just

provide the citation information that is available].

b. How to actually plug in a footnote using Microsoft Word:

 Along the top bar, click “references”

 Click “Insert footnote”

 The footnote will automatically appear and all you have to do is plug in the information at the bottom of the page.

 Microsoft Word will automatically number the footnotes for you, so do not physically change the numbers.

 The numbers are simply the total number of footnotes you use. They do not correspond to a particular source.

4. Examples of Paraphrasing and Quotation Use:

Original quotation from Thomas Jefferson:

“Deep rooted prejudices entertained by the whites; ten thousand

recollections by the blacks, of the injuries they have sustained; new

provocations; the real distinctions which nature has made; and many

other circumstances, will divide us into parties, and produce

convulsions which will probably never end but in the extermination of

one race or the other.”

Failure to cite evidence or even rephrase the evidence into your own

language:

Some early American observers warned that deep rooted prejudices

entertained by the whites and ten thousand recollections by the blacks

of the injuries they have sustained would divide us into parties and

would never end but in the extermination of one race or the other.

Correct Paraphrasing with Evidence Citation:

Some early American observers, such as Thomas Jefferson, warned

that anti-black racism among whites and the brutal memories of

slavery and injustice among blacks were producing an atmosphere

where a war of extermination between the races was possible. 1

1 Thomas Jefferson, “Discusses the ‘Nature’ of Blacks and Worn-Out Soils,” (1787), 1.

Correct Use of Quotation with Evidence Citation:

In 1787, Thomas Jefferson warned that anti-black racism and black

memories of slavery “will divide us into parties, and produce

convulsions which will probably never end but in the extermination of

one race or the other.” 2

or

In 1787, Thomas Jefferson warned, “Deep rooted prejudices

entertained by the whites; ten thousand recollections by the blacks, of

the injuries they have sustained; … will divide us into parties, and

produce convulsions which will probably never end but in the

extermination of one race or the other.” 3

2 Thomas Jefferson, “Discusses the ‘Nature’ of Blacks and Worn-Out Soils,” (1787), 1.

3 Thomas Jefferson, “Discusses the ‘Nature’ of Blacks and Worn-Out Soils,” (1787), 1.