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PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS OF SOME OF THE MODERN SUMMER OLYMPIC
SYMBOLS
DHURGHAM JASIM, ZAID KAZI GASIM, HADEEL DAHI ABDULLAH
College of Sport Education /University of Mousal/Iraq
ABSTRACT The Olympic Games is extremely serious, this is not the product of coincidence, as they deserve to study
scientific study of not less than the specialized areas of analytical studies, such as religious sects or political, economic
or natural phenomena and psychological symptoms. That any group is holding humanity so much and take them all this
time and care, investment and deserves debate and understand that we understand its causes and characteristics in order
to understand ourselves and the way human nature is deeper. Greek Olympics for example docked with the senses and
values were not just a sport practiced even docked Palmtheologia * ancient Greek. The Olympic movement work is rare
in human society because they reflect the multiple functions of the movement beyond the power of sports and
influential within the framework of the sport, and led to a series of significant impacts in the political, economic,
philosophical, educational, cultural, artistic and media and many other areas. Because the Olympic movement did not
constitute the cultural landscape of sports in modern society and you will be happy people of their own cultural, but also
drive people to progress continuously humanitarian spirit. True that the first session of the modern Olympic Games
were held in Athens in 1896... But also true that these games known as the culmination of years of evolution over the
twentieth century, and decrees adopted by the flame and the Olympic flag into the opening and closing ceremonies large
and impressive even turning to organized competition between States and boasted of the area between the cities,
became the summer Olympic games biggest sporting event in Earth, but the biggest humanitarian activity in the history
of mankind, has become a major festival which mixes art and sport technology, and product mix is impressive. In spite
of the twentieth century was the century of wars and ideologies and major conflicts, but it was also the century of
technical revolution, a century sport, which reached its practice and take care of it, and major events of the Olympics
and world cups to the peak. Hence the importance of research to identify some of the concepts of symbols Olympic
Games of the modern summer. Methods
Curriculum research: the historical approach was used to dictate the nature of the current study. "Interested in this
method to collect facts and information through the study of documents, records and effects, and is used in the study of
phenomena, events and attitudes which has a long or short time. And the sense that this method of research is to study
the past, events And thus can not control the variables as is the case in empirical research. Frenkle & Wallen: 1993,
316))
Results:
Whatever the symbol takes place in contemporary studies of cash, and almost did not find the philosophical
study does not include a chapter or more on the symbols. The reason for that is - primarily due to increased Dalai
symbols, language and objectives of the modern era. And privileged to attend it. In order to determine the significance
of the terminology code (signal a banner) we say: Symbol word, or phrase, or image, or personal, or the name of the
place contains within more than one sign, including the polar linking major. The first is the apparent dimension of the
symbol, which is received directly from the senses, is the second dimension subcontractors or dimension beyond
understanding exegesis only through symbol. There is a strong relationship between the visible symbol and the subsoil.
Linked to levels of use of the symbol, and deal with him, as well as to suggest strength and representation, the
development of creative awareness, and its ability to abstract. The allegation that the symbol in its infancy did not refer
to anything beyond (what), whether expressed by suggesting or sound or movement or any other form. These first
attempts to shed some light on the world of Olympic symbols and sports also shown us will see in parts of this research,
new indications regarding the nature of the world of symbols and thus human nature itself. King human being symbolic
of the stock to cover the enormous human nature.
1 - Philosophical concepts of the Olympic flag:
The choice of flags and symbols Spars are striking for all, a unique combination of elegance and strength and
simplicity. And because human beings dwell in venerating these symbols, the flags and Spars focused mostly in the
most beautiful locations where the sight of the largest possible number of people.
"I saw first, regardless of the color of cloth and endured images, symbols and slogans, they serve as an umbrella
symbol revolves around his friends, who are often the owners of one case in particular in the battle" (Thames &Hudson;
1972,19). The five rings of different colors reflects the continents of the planet is composed of expression in workshops
or services without other geometric shapes, perhaps for connections first, then the depth of expression and potential
written diverse. It is for the Chamber geometric form that knows no end, because everything else with the angles The
sharp angles or sharp ridges end. Revolving if the best expression of continuity, survival and longevity, completeness
and containment, without bias to a point on the ocean, or in the dimension of the Centre from any side of the Pacific is
Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport / SCIENCE, MOVEMENT AND HEALTH,
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the symbol of Kony to get the words reflect the synchronization and harmony and unity College, and supplements And
advice and eternal Interminableness.
2 - The philosophical concepts of the Olympic opening:
Olympic life seeking to exchange and integrate different cultures, and the fact that the Olympic Games and the
Olympics both Festival activity aimed at achieving the exchange and integration of cultures in the world of sports At the
same time is suitable joint benchmark for real dialogue and exchange between different nations of the world. Inaugural
manufactured succeeding generations in every city In a world cultural heritage bears the personal stamp of their city,
which show the effects of belief, culture, customs and traditions, whether such a purely intellectual heritage bid;
literature, philosophy and other humanities, or tender material produced by science and action; such as architecture,
appliances and machinery, tools and means of livelihood war, and So.
3 - Philosophical concepts of the Olympic postage stamps:
Olympic stamps that tell how civilized development witnessed in the Olympics, and these stamps - Telling the
era of Olympic history, and really reflect on the sense of cultural and literary enjoyed by the perpetrators of such idea,
and telling about the history of the Olympic Games. The researcher believed that the wealth of Olympic stamps deserve
great civilization preserved and documented in specialized centers, as recorded Olympic history, and explains a lot of
shifts and changes undergone by the Olympic Games in the march of peoples lives.
The importance of postage stamps is that they link between peoples of different countries, therefore, whatever
helped distances, including the means of communication with them has become easier through providing postal services
between these countries and less expensive than other means of communication available.
-Discussion / Conclusion: 1 - invested Olympic Games uses modern technology in communications, economic, political and cultural
between the peoples of the world significantly.
2 - The Olympic Games are not a major festival for athletes but also for volunteers and volunteer corps of vital
activity, competence and qualifications of the conditions of the success of hosting the Olympics.
3 - Achieved a global philosophy of the Olympic Games and circulated in full dimensions did not object to it one has
been questioned by anyone. And former world governments and peoples wish to enter the Olympic Games in its
entirety without modification suits local nature.
Key words: economic, Olympic Games, political, religious.
Introducere
1 - Definition research:
1-1 provided and the importance of research:
The Olympic Games is extremely serious, this is
not the product of coincidence, as they deserve to study
scientific study of not less than the specialized areas of
analytical studies, such as religious sects or political,
economic or natural phenomena and psychological
symptoms. That any group is holding humanity so
much and take them all this time and care, investment
and deserves debate and understand that we understand
its causes and characteristics in order to understand
ourselves and the way human nature is deeper.
Greek Olympics for example docked with the
senses and values were not just a sport practiced even
docked Palmtheologia * ancient Greek.
The Olympic movement work is rare in human
society because they reflect the multiple functions of
the movement beyond the power of sports and
influential within the framework of the sport, and led to
a series of significant impacts in the political, economic,
philosophical, educational, cultural, artistic and media
and many other areas. Because the Olympic movement
did not constitute the cultural landscape of sports in
modern society and you will be happy people of their
own cultural, but also drive people to progress
continuously humanitarian spirit. True that the first
session of the modern Olympic Games were held in
Athens in 1896.. But also true that these games known
as the culmination of years of evolution over the
twentieth century, and decrees adopted by the flame
and the Olympic flag into the opening and closing
ceremonies large and impressive even turning to
organized competition between States and boasted of
the area between the cities, became the summer
Olympic games biggest sporting event in Earth, but the
biggest humanitarian activity in the history of mankind,
has become a major festival which mixes art and sport
technology, and product mix is impressive. In spite of
the twentieth century was the century of wars and
ideologies and major conflicts, but it was also the
century of technical revolution, a century sport, which
reached its practice and take care of it, and major
events of the Olympics and world cups to the peak.
Hence the importance of research to identify some of
the concepts of symbols Of the modern summer
Olympic Games.
1-2 research problem:
Themes of philosophy evolved through
successive historical periods, this is not the result today,
because the word philosophy calls often are popular to
refer to any form of knowledge absorption, it may also
refer to a personal perspective on life. As for the
historical philosophical concepts, which aim to provide
the rights to enable it to understand the meaning of the
events of present or future in the light of past
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experience? And the meaning of the Olympic symbols
and what are aimed symbols that have evolved
significantly in the courses of modern summer
Olympic Games. Given the variety of phenomena,
things have diversified mutual ties and their
implications are diverse in turn, all that is of the utmost
importance from the perspective of scientific analysis
revealed that the concrete reality of these linkages and
their effect is to detect the substantive laws of the
world as a binding condition for the activity of people's
practical and scientific. So we say that the task of
science is certainly Knowledge of laws and armaments
in the application, which makes us inclined to question
the future, what are the philosophical concepts of the
modern summer Olympic symbols? To answer this
question we must highlight the dimensions of the
concepts and philosophies of modern summer Olympic
and study and analyses in depth.
1-3 objective research:
Research aims to identify:
1-3-1 philosophical concepts of some of the
symbols of the modern summer Olympic Games.
1-4 frontiers of research:
1-4-1 temporal: in 1896 until in 2004.
1-4-2 spatial: College of Physical Education /
University of Mosul.
1-5 define terms:
1-5-1 concepts: the meanings of ideas is not the
meanings of words, the link between words and ideas
is that the meanings of words came to the delivery of
those meanings. The concepts actually consists of
linking information or to link information from reality,
it means that much reality in the arena and not merely
an explanation of things which imposes mere existence
of reason, human beings could put his finger on what
meanings. (Network of Arab horsemen / http: //www.
forsan.net / index.htm) and procedurally researcher
agrees with this definition. Abdul Salaam Mesdoua.
Linguistics and cognitive foundations (Tunisia:
Tunisian House Publishing, 1986) p. 11 20
1-5-1 philosophical concepts: the meanings that have
realized our reality in our minds whether or tangible
reality for granted and otherwise of the meanings of
words and strings are called concept but merely
information, consisting of philosophical concepts
linking the reality of linking information or information
Reality, and perceptions have meant that much reality
in the arena and not merely an explanation of things
which imposes reason mere existence, and man can put
his finger to it. (The definition of a procedural)
1-5-2 philosophy and big eye defined as "a tool
consciences and machine thoughts and the outcome of
the mind and a tool to learn races and the elements and
informed the symptoms and gems and ills of people
and different ethics and character, qualities and
instincts. (Gabri, 1985: 26) and the researcher agrees
with the definition of big eye procedural.
1-5-2 Olympic symbols: the signs and symbols and
abbreviations used in multiple Olympic Games to refer
to the attributes and relationships and symbols of the
host country for the Olympics, aimed at facilitating the
country's definition, because the Olympic symbols
were still since time immemorial reflect on the history
of the country (sports, and economic , And political
and many others. And write or paint or symbols are
printed in full or referred to by abbreviations
symbolism.
2 - Theoretical studies and previous studies:
2-1 theoretical studies:
2-1-1 Elements of the modern Olympic Games
2-1-1 Olympic anthem: The first pay tribute
delivered at the first Olympic "the Athens in 1896", to
quote a song from the old Greek sports, inaugurated the
first Olympic Games of the modern era. The poet wrote
"Costas Tamas *" What a genius foot rule, the father of
right and good and beautiful, down to the ground and
under the sky, a witness to Your glory, Anrna radiation.
"The French Baron" Coubertin "think that accompany
sporting competitions, the dumping of poetic couplets
in Unifying vision of human potential. The
International Olympic Committee Olympic anthem at
its No. (55) in the city of Tokyo in 1958, and deposited
the music of this anthem at the headquarters of the
International Olympic Committee.
2-1-2 Olympic section: In 1906, a French Baron
"Coubertin," the official part played by athletes. And
introduced formally to take part the Olympics in 1920,
in the "Anfrs" Belgium. The one section of athletes on
behalf of his colleagues, and it must be costing the
sports section Olympic hurled at the opening of the
Olympic athletes. The first section of the delivered in
1920, the player is "Victor Point", who have won
several gold medals, silver, bronze, in the arms
competitions, water polo, and reportedly in Section
player raising his right hand and catching his left hand
Olympic flag carried by another athlete: "On behalf of
all Competitors, I swear that share these Olympics, and
we respect and abide all the laws that govern these
games, and pledge to practice sport clean building on
the requirements of true sportsmanship and to preserve
the glory of sport and respect for the reputation
Frguena." (Reaih and forward, 1987: 44)
In (the Sydney Olympics in 2000), included a new
section for the first time in the history of the Olympics
says: "We pledge not to the world athlete of fraud", and
also included another paragraph says: "We pledge to
exercise a clean sport free of stimulants." And dropped
this section of the Australian hockey player, "Rachel
Hawks (ranked first world hockey for five years)" on
behalf of all athletes participating in the session.
(http://ar.wikipedia.org/ 2004) The Department of
rulers who shall rule (from the host State), on behalf of
all the rulers echoing Section rulers. On behalf of all
athletes, referees and officials swear that we arbitration
games in this Olympic Games the most neutral and
respect all laws and regulations governing these games
governors on sportsmanship exclusive there. (Winds
and forward, 1987: 44)
2-1-3 Olympic Charter "Action is the
Constitution of the Olympic movement, organizing the
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Olympics, which combined provisions and laws,
approved by the International Olympic Committee. In
the case of a dispute or disagreement over the
interpretation or application of these resolutions, which
are separated by the Executive Office of the
International Olympic Committee? In some cases
through arbitration before the sports tribunal which was
established in 1993, consists of twenty Court judge, is a
supreme body independent of the International
Olympic Committee.
2-1-4 Language "The official languages of the
International Olympic Committee is French and
English ... We must provide all the meetings of the
International Olympic Committee simultaneous
interpretation equipment to conduct meetings in
Spanish, Russian, German and Arabic with the
exception of extraordinary meetings, when a dispute
erupted between French and English text taken...
Meaning the French text." (Badawi, 1996, 154)
2-1-5 Olympic motto: "Citius Altius Fortius"
These words have been translated into several
languages and meanings.
A. Translated by the order in the sense: speed,
the lifting force.
B. Translated by the order meaning: foot,
nobility, strength.
C. Translated by the order in the sense: "Be
prepared", "Be quick," "Be High."
Following a Greek, tongues were covered in Utopia. It
is intended to express the aspirations of the Olympic
sports, has emerged this logo for the first time in a
"cycle Anfrs" in 1920, in Belgium and formulated this
logo is a Dominican priest "Father Byron" for
university students. This was a monk friend Baron de
Coubertin. (Abdul-Hamid and others, 2001: 96)ttp: / /
www2.lhric.org/pocantico/olympics/olympics.htm/200
6/p6) ]
2-1-6 Olympic symbol: "Is to design a coherent,
which overlaps the Olympic five episodes, with
another element; must provide all Olympic symbol, to
the Executive Office of the International Olympic
Committee, for adoption.
2-1-7 slogan formal session: We must take every
Olympics slogan distinguishes them from other
courses, and printed publications each session, and the
means of propaganda for the session.
The difference between the Olympic symbols, the
Olympic motto, is the five rings, the Olympic symbol
to be there when the five rings, either emblem private
courses, the city the right to merge these seminars with
other elements or dispensed
with."http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-
9108519/Olympic-Games))
2-1-8 Olympic flag: "Olympic flag is a flag
without the edges are made of white silk, and five
workshops in their overlapping, three workshops in the
first level also comes colors: blue for a first and be near
the force, and the color symbolizes the continent of
Europe, the blackness of a second and symbolizes the
continent of Africa, And red for a third symbol for the
Americas. The second level, the first link is close to the
force, and the yellow color symbolizes the continent of
Asia, and the second and final color green symbolizes
the continent of Australia. The idea of the Olympic flag
at the International Conference for the Olympics in
1910, and established a special committee to prepare
him. The Olympic flag created in 1913, when it began
Coubertin, is thinking of making a special flag for the
Olympic courses. Baron wrote in the "Olympic
Magazine", published in August 1913, saying: "These
five rings represent the five continents in the world,
starting from this moment, and reflect the five rings on
the acceptance of fruitful and constructive competition,
as well as the six colors, including the Ground white,
representing the colors of all nations without exception.
The "Coubertin," always connect between the old and
modern, linking between the "sacred truce" at the
Olympics old, who was a symbol of peace in the past,
and the flag of the white flag; symbol of peace in the
present, and five rings, which codified the Convention
on the sacred truce, making them A symbol of
solidarity and brotherhood five continents between
peoples. The Olympic flag appeared for the first time
officially in 1914, in the cities "Paris" French and the
City "Alexandria" the Egyptian; in the same time
celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the Olympic
courses. The flag was raised in Alexandria, within the
African Games in the fifth of April. When the Greek
deliberately "Angelo Bolannaki" resident in Egypt, the
first representative of the International Olympic
Committee in Egypt and the Arab world, the call to
contribute in building sports stadium in Alexandria.
And by Baron to the International Olympic Committee
in 1914 at Sorbonne University in Paris, where it was
ratified in 1914. The flag was raised in 1915, in San
Francisco, and decides a shelf in the course of science
in 1916 for the first time in Berlin, however, by World
War I prevented that. The lift in the Swiss city of
Lausanne permanent headquarters of the International
Olympic Committee in 1919. In 1920, the Belgian
government informed the design of Olympic great, and
dedicated the Belgian government of the Belgian
Olympic Committee, which in turn donated to the
President of the International Olympic Committee
"Coubertin," he agreed it was lifted at the seventh
"cycle Anfrs" Belgium. Since that session, this has
become the Olympic flag is the flag even in 1984
In in 1984, the city "Seoul" South Korea's new
Olympia note of the International Olympic Committee,
raising the flag this time in the first session of Seoul in
1988, and there is informed by another Olympic city
"Oslo" Norwegian in 1952, was used at the Olympics
Winter. Article No. (24) of the basic principles of the
Olympic movement, to raise the Olympic flag in the
Olympic Village, beside the other flags of teams
participating, whether in the stadium opening, or in the
surrounding areas, with the flags of States participating
in the session. They should fly the flag at the Olympic
large force installed in a prominent place stadium, and
begins lifting the Olympic flag, with the announcement
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of the opening of the Olympic record, and get them
when officially declared the conclusion of the
Olympics, and after that recognizes the official city
held by the next session. Linux and the Olympic flag
during the session, for reasons it deems the
International Olympic Committee. The Olympic flag in
the housing cycle "Sydney 2000", when the death of
wife, "Samaranch," the International Olympic
Committee President then. (Copyright © Jelsoft
Enterprises Limited 2000
2-1-9 modern Olympic flame:
"IGAD is a moment of the Olympic flame, raising
moments at the ceremony, the Olympic Games start
immediately after the IGAD, and the origin of this
tradition, as the German researcher says" No ", is" the
urgent need for new lighting and illuminator sacred,
"and the torch in the past sent a symbol of , And power
dynamics and vitality of the universe, and then became
a slogan for the permanency of the spirit gods, and in
the modern era Olympic torch become a symbol of
peace and appeal to the world that departs from the war
and join hands and fraternity. The president said the
fifth of the International Olympic Committee "EVRY
Brandeg," When I got the torch from Olympia to
Munich (1972 m), "The torch carried the message to
Munich from Olympia, a message of equal
opportunities for all and non-discrimination, friendship
and international cooperation." And fuelled the torch
for the first time officially in a "cycle Berlin in 1936"
after the Germans made a request to the International
Olympic Committee, to formally introduce the tradition
of the torch at the Olympics, and transfer to the city of
Olympia "Berlin", the German proposal in the "Oslo"
in 1935. He succeeded Dr. "Carl Daym" in organizing
the first flight of the torch from Olympia to Berlin, and
the hostile campaign of all States that have passed the
torch, the first of her pregnancy from Olympia Greek
hostility "Constantine Bondesson" remained the torch
burning for days in session until the closing ceremony
extinguishing. (Winds and forward, 1987: 45)
It means IGAD flame in Olympia, and then transferred
to the city hosting the session, Olympia waived its right
to establish the Olympic Games, the city's hosting of
the session. The Olympic flame fired at the foot of
Mount "Alaolmbos" in Greece, from the sun with
concave Women Runners then carried out sequentially,
until you reach the venue for each session and hostility
of those special Shaalan, fuelled by his colleague from
the torch, which was preceded by the enemy, so they
reach the city, That will be raised by the session, one
day before the start of the session, other national runner
stoking the flame alive remain standing for the duration
of the session and Runners representing Greece and the
countries located between Greece and the host city, and
in some cases involving ships and aircraft to carry the
torch across the sea and mountains. The torch shall be
material combustion does not emit smoke which
pollute the environment, in order to preserve the
environment, exclude the cities with a high rate of
environmental pollution from candidature to organize
the Olympics. In the "Sydney 2000", passed the torch
underwater in northern Australia, for the first time in
modern Olympic history courses. And Olympic
officials said: "The torch was passing through the area
of tropical coral reefs are rubbish, and used a special
chemical for a period of two minutes and 40 seconds,
before the "Wendy Craig," a Marine, a pick-up were
still burning. " Olympic officials said: "The resurgence
of the flame of the torch underwater three meters was
strong to the extent that prevented the entry of water
into the tube and extinguish the flame.
In in 2004 Olympic course was held in the city of
Athens, Greek, the Greeks identify torch march from
Greece to all countries of the world, then returned
again to Greece, before the start of the session. So as
not to be shorter march of the Olympic torch. "
(Copyright © Jelsoft Enterprises Limited 2000)
2-1-10 Olympic stamps: Founded the
International Federation Olympic, for philatelists
Olympics in 1982, at the suggestion of the Marquis
Spanish "Juan Antonio Samaranch," the President of
the International Olympic Committee then (1981 -
2001 m), a philatelic. In the "Athens in 1896",
contributed sales of commemorative stamps, the
expenses of preparing the session, with proceeds
400,000 thousand Greek drachmas.
Many of the athletes and leaders of the international
Olympic Movement immortalized stamps. In the
session "Anfrs in 1920," Belgium has issued stamps
Olympic group, after it was exclusive to Greece. In
issued in 1937 Greece Group of historical stamps
Greek Olympic sport; to honor the "Diajuras," the
island "Rhodes." The nature of the first Olympic
carrying the image of the founder "Coubertin,"
published in "Haiti" in 1939 two years after his death.
And Iraq issued a series where the image of Olympic
stamps quarters of the deceased (Abdul Wahid Aziz)
marking the winning bronze in weightlifting
tournament in light-weight at the Rome Olympics in
1960 . On the Tokyo in 1964, Egypt issued the first set
of Olympic stamps, as well as in the two sessions of
"Los Angeles in 1984" and "Mexico in 1986."
At the Munich Games in 1972, the Principality of
"details" and accessories, a group of Olympic stamps.
As the Principality "Umm Al Quwain" set stamps on
the Olympic history, the Olympic posters. In the
"Sydney 2000", the Australian Department of Post, on
its image printing any Australian player, win the gold
medal in 24 hours made for the gold medal.
2-1-10Olympic commemorative currencies:
Knew his first Olympics in 480 BC. M, and was
category four drachmas, struck by order of Governor of
the territory of Sicily "Anakzilus" Anxious.
Commemoration of victory in a race war wagons. In
the modern era of the Olympic Games, Olympics and
his first emerged in the "Helsinki in 1952" in Finland,
and in Moscow in 1980 and Seoul in 1988 and in the
"Atlanta" in 1996, the interest minting of America, in
support of the U.S. Olympic Committee, sports teams
and the capacity of 21.3 million dollars "Proceeds from
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the sale of Olympic commemorative currency.
Recalled that Finland was the first issued currencies
Olympic commemorative precious metal when it
hosted the Olympic Games-15 in
2-1 - 12 Olympic medals: In the modern age of
Olympic cycles, the medals were awarded prizes for
the winners, medals and witnessed great development
during the long journey that began in 1896, were
awarded to winners in each race only at the beginning,
and was crowned the first winner of the silver medal
castings crowned of olive branches, either It was the
second winner will be coronation medal and bronze
wreaths of Laurel. With the passing of days, the
number three medals, one gold, and grant the first place,
and the second silver granted to the second place, third
and the bronze awarded to the third place, sometimes
the number of medals in the competition one more than
three medals when players are equal to what the
outcome. The Olympic medal is thinner than (3 mg and
weighing nearly 135 kilograms, and the gold medal,
made of silver, including at least 925 carats, painting,
including at least 6 grams of pure gold, while the silver
medal, made of pure silver, 925 carats, the bronze
medal, made of metal alloy. The Olympic medal for
several designs at the outset, was conceived Mythology
themes, and some symbols of the Olympic sports, and
olive wreaths, and then slogans nobility of the city
hosting the session. In the "cycle of Amsterdam" in the
Netherlands in 1928, was a decree on one side of the
Olympic medal, "Nike" a victory when the Greeks, a
Rafie "olive wreaths" his right hand, in the lower part
details "Alkoliziom" in ancient Rome, has written on
the Edge Higher No session of the Olympic medal, and
place the language of the city, the design of the Italian
artist "Joesp Cazioli," The design of this show on my
face even medal in 1968.
In the course of Rome in 1960, decided to
suspend medal in the Sash or series. Beginning in 1968,
it became the right of the Organizing Committee for
the Olympic cycle, the design of the back of the medal,
after approval by the International Olympic Committee
in the design cycle Atlanta in 1996, the design of the
centennial medals includes the same elements that were
in the previous medals (a woman wearing ministries
and put a wreath Of olive branches over her head, her
hands and carrying a bundle of twigs, and there is a
cart pulled horses and the image of an ancient Greek
Olympic Stadium, as well as seminars Olympic year
history of carrying the Olympic and No. "cent". On the
flip side there was a mix of Olympic Games logo with
31 planning Symbolizes every one of a certain
Olympic event. In the "Sydney 2000", broke out a
broad argument in Australia; mistaken for the design of
Olympic medals, because it contains "Alkoliziom"
(included Roman) instead of the Greek temple, said the
newspaper "Okosmos" published in Greek in Australia
medal design "that involves Ignorance is applied." He
said: "George Hadjiyvasilys" chief editor of the
newspaper: "Alkoleezzoyom" or "on the Romanian"
spilled blood on its walls, a far cry from the Olympic
ideals of peace and brotherhood. "Organizers gave the
session, the blame at the International Olympic
Committee, saying:" They objected to a plan to design
the Opera House in Sydney on medals, and ordered
instead to develop the design "of Coliseum year." As
the backdrop for Olympic
medals.(Http://www2.lhric.org/pocantico/olympics/oly
mpics.htm)
2-1-13 Olympic Arts and Literature:
"The objective of mixing sport with the arts in
the Olympics; was to review the excellence and
superiority among human beings, as well as to take
advantage of the meeting of minds and muscles and
Greeks had the slogan" Healthy Mind, Healthy Body.
"Hence the comparison between Plato in the Republic
of art and literature on one hand and between sport
And physical education from the other hand, in the first
path to beauty spirit, and in the other the means to
beauty body. Defines rights and the Olympic ideal as a
template to track the evolution of human personality,
mind and spirit. We note that Greek art has manifested
in the construction industry temples and the beautiful
statues, is the statue of "Zeus" great Olympic gods of
the seven wonders of the world, and my Greeks sports
arena, briefed columns suitable for sporting purposes,
and sanitary conditions, and added that the columns on
sports arenas elegance, and reflected glory In Rehab
particularly in the spread of the sun. Olympia has not
been earmarked for sports, but was like a market where
Arabs Oaks, which held sessions on the sidelines of
various types of arts such as poetry and rhetoric and
industry statues and succession. The approach geniuses
of thought and Greek art, and there is the story of the
heroic "Pitas" clarify some of the arts and literature,
which was held on the sidelines of the Olympic festival,
has asked the Friends of Olympic champion "Pitas"
poet famous song" (Pindar," to organize a poem of the
hero "Pitas" On the occasion His victory and asked
them to " Pindar " sum of money, grandest his Friends
of the star, they said we can evaluate him a statue of
copper less than this, but after consultation and found
that the poem is better than the statue, paid for a poet
Pindar amount requested, systems them first was a
poem: You do not Statues makers not only seen as
focus .. But I notice organized fly in prospects.. The
flies with reputation "Pitas" successful corona nail.
Whitney from the foregoing that the Greeks who
appreciate poetry and poets; poet and built for the
Olympics " (Pindar (520 BC. M 440 BC. M), a statue is
still alive, is the most important poem, " Pindar," a
poem XIII Olympiad Provided to Olympic champion
"Akznobon." When rebelled good judgement **
Alexander the Great (336 BC. M 323 BC. M),
destroyed the tale did not leave the house only a poet
and Bhandare temple. In modern times Coubertin
thought that accompany sports competitions, the
dumping of poetic couplets, the unifying vision of
human energies, and in 1906, Coubertin proposed that
includes the Olympic program at various competitions
in the arts. In 1912, held the first contest for the arts,
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and in 1952 turned into performances only, and my
head of the Olympic Committee "EVRY (Pindar "
(1952 1972 m), fine arts in the Olympic program. The
protocol contains the Olympics organizing a core
programmer of arts, include Article X It contests for
the arts. Olympic Committee has been notified of the
Arts in 1992 and based in Paris. "
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Modern_
Olympics)
2-1-14 decrees ceremonial and include the
following:
A. Opening ceremony: Begins Olympic opening
ceremony of the session, the arrival of head of state
often or sometimes on behalf of the Olympic stadium.
It would be received at the entrance to the Olympic
stadium, President of the International Olympic
Committee, and Chairman of the Organizing
Committee for the session. The Head of State is
heading to the podium of honor with him and his
entourage. The music playing the national anthem,
after the anthem, flying the flags of participating States
at the gates of the stadium, and starts a column display
of the States participating in the session, each team is
uniformed and file each team a banner bearing the
name of the state, and national flag and the state of
Greece came to the fore in her honor, when the Is
another session would be organized teams and moving
the rest of the States participating in the Olympics
behind Greece depending on the arrangement mill
epidemic of the State Organization and the State
Organization comes in the back row presentation, and
all the flags of States participating in the Olympics,
when in front of the podium with President
degeneration tribute to the officials - except "Saudi
flag" No Linux; because it bears the slogan unification
"No God but Allah Muhammad Messenger of God."
After each team to complete the stadium in its stand in
line behind the sign holder and holder of the flag in
front pad head of state, like Chairman of the
Organizing Committee, accompanied by Chairman of
the International Olympic Committee set up to the
podium in front of exclusive honor. The Chairman of
the Organizing Committee President of the
International Olympic Committee a few words, asking
him to submit to the Head of State or rotate it, please
open the session. And then ascends the International
Olympic Committee President to the podium after a
brief welcome speech, calling the Head of State to the
Olympic opening of the session. At that moment, the
Olympic flag rise slowly even if the summit arrived in
force, launched a squadron of the carrier pigeon, and in
every way bar pigeon Olympic flag. And then playing
music and cannons fired three shots, and climb the
mayor of the city and its vicinity head the International
Olympic Committee, comes delegate city that
organized the previous session, and provides science
tiles "Sato music", the President of the International
Olympic Committee, which in turn submit it to the
governor and preserves this science in the building
Municipal to the next session. There are tow flags one
of the summer Olympic cycle, and the other for the
Olympic Games. Comes another player or player or
two with us carrying the Olympic flame, just around
the Olympic stadium, and then moving towards the
torch has been permanent, and remains not
extinguished the flame alive only in the closing
ceremony, and make a joyful media campaign in the
form of half circle, and during the passage of
information campaign Podium in front of the President,
they must Gorge media, and then went after the same
order in which teams entered, and leave the Head of
State position . And thus ends the opening ceremony.
B. Crowning the winners: Players who take the
three places on the first rank, uniformed sports over a
runway, which was developed exclusively against
honor, standing in the first place in the degree rise
slightly in the middle class by the second position and
be at the right of first place wins, and take the third
place on the left His first place.
C. Closing ceremony: Closing ceremony will be
held at the Olympic stadium, following the end of the
last competition, namely "marathon", and moving
information campaign teams participating in the
stadium behind their own banners holders, and take the
order on the opening day itself, in midfield and go all
the athletes in one column and collectively, rather than
Each mission is single nation without universal
adherence to sexually melted in a row, and this was the
idea of Chinese boy "John Ian Wing," which was at the
age of seventeen years, he was working carpenter
trainees in Chinatown in Melbourne, Australia, when
he sent a letter to "Wilfred I Hughes "Chairman of the
Organizing Committee of the Melbourne in 1956,
suggesting by this idea, and implemented the idea
immediately, and called the session" Olympics
friendship." The meeting ends on the platform of honor
in front of athletes, raising the Olympic flag to force
the Yemeni used in the opening ceremony, and raises
the flag of a State Organizing Committee for the
Games to force Central at the same time as it plays the
national anthem and raising the flag state that will be
established by the next session to force the left with
The national anthem was played. Then climb the
International Olympic Committee President to the
podium and announce the conclusion of the Olympics.
At the end of the ceremony extinguished the Olympic
flame and the Olympic reluctant peace, at the same
time get the Olympic flag bit of force, and holding it
horizontally group of eight people wearing a uniform,
five guns and fired shots, and then singing, choir, and
leave the stadium leaders, and media campaign, and
athletes to the music Music.
ttp://www.instructorweb.com/lesson/olympics.asp)
3 - Action research:
3-1 Curriculum research:
the historical approach was used to dictate the nature
of the current study. "Interested in this method to
collect facts and information through the study of
documents, records and effects, and is used in the study
of phenomena, events and attitudes which has a long or
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short time. And the sense that this method of research
is Studying the past, events and thus could not control
the variables as is the case in empirical research.
Frenkle & Wallen: 1993, 316)
3-2 Research tools: Analysis method was used to the
sources of scientific content analysis and content "is a
distinctive research methods to provide quantitative
indicators and objective guidance on the values and
standards and the advantage of adopting the field study,
documents and official statistics and various media to
reach the actual attitudes or opinions of people
interested in this way or that without any Personal bias
or interference by the researcher, used this approach in
research, policy and media personality, anthropology,
sociology and management science. "(Obeidat: 1999,
49)
4 - Presentation and discussion of the results:
4-1 philosophy of the Olympic symbols:
Whatever the symbol takes place in
contemporary studies of cash, and almost did not find
the philosophical study does not include a chapter or
more on the symbols. The reason for that is - primarily
due to increased indicative symbols, language and
objectives of the modern era. And privileged to attend
it. In order to determine the significance of the
terminology code (signal a banner) we say: Symbol
word, or phrase, or image, or personal, or the name of
the place contains within more than one sign, including
the polar linking major. The first is the apparent
dimension of the symbol, which is received directly
from the senses, is the second dimension
subcontractors or dimension beyond understanding
exegesis only through symbol. There is a strong
relationship between the visible symbol and the subsoil.
Linked to levels of use of the symbol, and deal
with him, as well as to suggest strength and
representation, the development of creative awareness,
and its ability to abstract. The allegation that the
symbol in its infancy did not refer to anything beyond
(what), whether expressed by suggesting or sound or
movement or any other form.
These first attempts to shed some light on the
world of Olympic symbols and sports also shown us
will see in parts of this research, new indications
regarding the nature of the world of symbols and thus
human nature itself. King human being symbolic of the
stock to cover the enormous human nature. This means
that the world of symbols and functions are not
confined to the limited functions offered by these
symbols of the Olympic athletes in certain courses. But
beyond the functions of nature is absolutely not abide
by the limits of time and place advantage. Human
thought, for example, writes him immortality is
certainly of this kind. The study of these aspects of the
hidden world of symbols remained marginalized in
some of Humanities and Social Sciences, which is
expected not surprising in it.
1 - Philosophical concepts of the Olympic flag:
The choice of flags and symbols Spars are striking for
all, a unique combination of elegance and strength and
simplicity. And because human beings dwell in
venerating these symbols, the flags and Spars focused
mostly in the most beautiful locations where the sight
of the largest possible number of people.
"I saw first, regardless of the color of cloth and
endured images, symbols and slogans, they serve as an
umbrella symbol revolves around his friends, who are
often the owners of one case in particular in the battle"
(Thames &Hudson; 1972, 19). The five rings of
different colors reflects the continents of the planet is
composed of expression in workshops or services
without other geometric shapes, perhaps for
connections first, then the depth of expression and
potential written diverse. It is for the Chamber
geometric form that knows no end, because everything
else with the angles the sharp angles or sharp ridges
end. Revolving if the best expression of continuity,
survival and longevity, completeness and containment,
without bias to a point on the ocean, or in the
dimension of the Centre from any side of the Pacific is
the symbol of god to get the words reflect the
synchronization and harmony and unity College, and
supplements And advice and eternal Interminableness.
2 - The philosophical concepts of the Olympic
opening: Olympic life seeking to exchange and
integrate different cultures, and the fact that the
Olympic Games and the Olympics both Festival
activity aimed at achieving the exchange and
integration of cultures in the world of sports At the
same time is suitable joint benchmark for real dialogue
and exchange between different nations of the world.
Inaugural manufactured succeeding generations in
every city In a world cultural heritage bears the
personal stamp of their city, which show the effects of
belief, culture, customs and traditions, whether such a
purely intellectual heritage bid; literature, philosophy
and other humanities, or tender material produced by
science and action; such as architecture, appliances and
machinery, tools and means of livelihood war, and So.
To the extent that generations in this city active and
vital are a rich and diverse heritage, as far as the
interweaving relationships with others, their
experiences are wide, and accused the bid significantly.
Researcher believes that during the successive eras of
life lately performed in various cities around the world;
Greece, Rome and Carthage, Alexandria, Mesopotamia
And other cities in the ancient world, where
generations manufactured during the period of glory
shine keepers have history, and each city of those cities
in the glory that discriminate created, and the
specificity of the heritage left by, as though the glory of
Greece in poetry, theatre, philosophy and the Olympic
Games and was the glory of Rome Military firm and
the luxurious necessities of life, and the glory of
Alexandria in vaginal luxury intellectual and
philosophy schools, sports grounds and Ruffian in
writing, and many others.
3 - philosophical concepts of the Olympic
postage stamps: Olympic stamps that tell how civilized
development witnessed in the Olympics, and these
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108
stamps - Telling the era of Olympic history, and really
reflect on the sense of cultural and literary enjoyed by
the perpetrators of such idea, and telling about the
history of the Olympic Games. The researcher believed
that the wealth of Olympic stamps deserve great
civilization preserved and documented in specialized
centers, as recorded Olympic history, and explains a lot
of shifts and changes undergone by the Olympic
Games in the march of peoples lives.
The importance of postage stamps is that they
link between peoples of different countries, therefore,
whatever helped distances, including the means of
communication with them has become easier through
providing postal services between these countries and
less expensive than other means of communication
available. Through the presentation of the
philosophical concepts of some symbols Olympic
researcher believes that the issue of Olympic symbols
civilized basically they arise and evolve in the city
cultural integration of society Urbanite, and that is the
essence of any thinking and what the Olympic symbols
is to discuss strength and nature of social, philosophical,
aesthetic and Vinominologer also apparent .. Despite
the link Palmtheologia Greek Olympics and religious
rituals of various ancient communities, but it was still
reflect on the visual perceptions and the intellectual,
philosophical and social problems for the people.
Before the emergence of philosophy, a myth that was
capable of interpreting the world and the universe, the
philosophical foundations of the civilizations of Greece
and the Mediterranean civilizations, the Nile Valley
and Mesopotamia and other civilizations possess yards
cities and temples, primitive ritual and religious texts
legendary tragic. And through that we can discover a
lot of philosophical concepts, religious and aesthetic
that combined social life and then having its supply and
its implications in our modern, dynamic, which
confirms the ability of totalitarian excesses of the
troublemaker of a man's mind ancient civilizations,
which was adopted question method for interpreting
phenomena. The question of knowledge leading to the
start of accumulated knowledge and civilization,
eyebrows broke the dimension of this art legend
But why is critical and that led to the evolution of the
Olympic symbols is what happened in terms of Greek
social life created democratic practice in the old ethnic
community internally developed enormously. Since
then became the celebrations which were held in
Greece, one of the expressions of distinct ethnic
democracy, and enriched its evolution.
5 - Conclusions and Recommendations:
5-1 conclusions:
1 - invested Olympic Games uses modern
technology in communications, economic, political and
cultural between the peoples of the world significantly.
2 - The Olympic Games are not a major festival
for athletes but also for volunteers and volunteer corps
of vital activity, competence and qualifications of the
conditions of the success of hosting the Olympics.
3 - Olympic Games contribute to the
development and growth of young people by instilling
the following concepts:
First: "The concept of responsibility." Voluntary
Service through its objectives of the successful host
city in the Olympics, strengthens their sense of mission
and responsibility, and promotes the national spirit and
the spirit of honesty and self-reliance. And a broader
II: "The concept of self-confidence." The hosting of
any city of the Olympic Games evidence of long-term
evolution of the country gives young people the
opportunity to directly sense the great achievements
that are a source of pride by highlighting civilization
and ancient traditions and ethics. Third: "The concept
of learning." For the provision of quality services, we
must know everything that is the Olympics of culture
and knowledge of the city, learning techniques and
services. Fourth: "The concept of openness to the
outside." Olympic Games as a means of cultural
exchange and develop competitive sports Chime open
heart, openness and the ability to exchange equal and
awareness of fair competition.
V: "The concept of cooperation." They can learn
through exercises and work realism special services
volunteer to cooperate with others and learn teamwork
achievement.
5-2 recommendations:
1 - establishing the principles of the Olympics
moral, intellectual and philosophical.
2 - the contributions of diverse cultures in
establishing the Olympic Games, is must not only
Greek cultures, the domination of European cultures
and this must introduce Islamic cultures, Indian,
Chinese and many others because they have all cultures
by providing them with the Olympics.
REFERENCES
ABDEL-HAMID, K. et al, 2000 Guinness Olympic
Cultural Centre book for publication, Cairo.
BADAWI, E., 1996, Olympics, the Library of
academic publishing, Cairo.
FREHKLE, JR & WALLEN, NE, 1993, How to
design and evaluate research in education (2nd
ed) New York, Me Graw.Hill.
GABRI, ALI, H., 1985, Philosophical dialogue
between the civilizations of the Middle ancient
civilization and Greece, The National Library,
Baghdad.
HISTORY OF THE OLYMPICS,
http://www.instructorweb.com/lesson/olympics.
asp
MAMSR, M. K, 2001, Historical Encyclopedia of the
evolution of sports movements in ancient and
modern civilizations, Dar Wael for publication
and distribution, Amman.
NETWORK OF ARAB HORSEMEN, 1986,
http://www.forsan.net/index.html, Abdul Salam
Mesdoua. Linguistics and cognitive foundations
(Tunisia: Tunisian House Publishing,).
Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport / SCIENCE, MOVEMENT AND HEALTH,
Vol. 10 ISSUE 1, 2010, Romania
Our JOURNAL is nationally acknowledged by C.N.C.S.I.S., being included in the B+ category publications, 2008-2010.
The journal is indexed in: 1. INDEX COPERNICUS JOURNAL MASTER LIST. 2. DOAJ DIRECTORY OF OPEN ACCES JOURNALS, 2009
109
OBEIDAT, M. ET AL, 1999, Methodology of
scientific research (rules and entrances and
applications), i 2, Dar Wael for publication,
Amman.
QATAR OLYMPIC COMMITTEE, 2005, files of
the Olympic Games, the French Baron de
Coubertin.
THAMES & HUDSON, 1972, An Illustrateur
Encyclopédie of Tradition AlSymbols JCcoopER,
Rprinted in grenat Britten. London.
THE OLYMPICS "CITIES, ALTUS, FORTIES",
SWIFTER, HIGHER, STRONGER, 2006
THE WINDS AND ABDEL IMAM, SAMI, 1987,
Olympic Games from Athens to Seoul, the
library Diwaniyah, Baghdad.
WIKIPEDIA, THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA, 2004,
The history of the Olympic Games.
(http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004).
http://www2.lhric.org/pocantico/olympics/olympics.ht
m
http://www.brownielocks.com/olympics.html
http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/% D8% A8% D8% B1%
D9% 88% D
DETERMINATION OF SMOKING HABITS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS
STUDENTS WHO ARE ACTIVELY DOING SPORTS
LOK SEFA 1 , LOK NESLIHAN
2 , TEMEL VEYSEL
3 , TASGIN ERDAL
4 , SELCUK ALİME
2
1 Karamanoglu Mehmet Bey University, Physical Education and Sports Academy, Karaman, Turkey
2 Selcuk University, Konya Health Academy , Konya, Turkey
3 Karamanoglu Mehmet Bey University, Institute of Social Sciences, Karaman, Turkey
4 Selcuk University Institute of Health Sciences, Konya, Turkey
ABSTRACT
For example, in Turkey 133 ( % 50.9 ) of individuals for the first time at the age of 11 and , %13.6 in the
previous years at the age of 12 meet to smoke (Yazıcı and Ak, 2006).
Objective
The aim of this study is to determinate the smoking habits of physical education and sports students who are
actively doing sports.
Research methods and procedures
Smoking habit is very common in our country. The work group of study which is an identifying species
consisted of 112 university students who play football actively and study at the department of Physical Education and
Sports Academy at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University.
Results
Ġt has been determined that students‘smoking starting age average is 17.53 2.04,and has been smoking for
4.68 1.63 in this study. It has been determined that % 58 of students who participate in the study have the smoking
story and %60 of the students is still smoking actively.
Discussion and conclusions
Ġt is known that many sports men start smoking in early ages.young people should be prevented from accessing
to tobacco,protected from advertising and promotion and these people need to be supported about struggling to give up
smoking habits and need to be acquainted about bad habits about smoking.
Key words: University Students, Cigarette Data Level,Doing Sports Actively.
Introduction Throughout history, people have used harmful
substances to enjoy and get clear of distress,
excitement, pain and sorrow. These substances have
made a person habit and addictive in times. Impaired
physical and psychological health of people, important
social problems emerged. People have to protect
themselves and their environment from these
substances. Cigarette habit of society is an important
public health issue that concerns all of the people
(Herken ve ark., 2000).
According to world health organization data, it
is konown that in 1990 early, each year 3 million
people died because of the smoking, but today all over
the world, each year 1.5 million in developing
countries, totally 4.5 million people and in Turkey 70-
100 thousand people lose their life because of
connected to the smoke reasons . According to
estimates, it has been reported that in 2030, each year 7
million people (70%) in developing countries,totally 10
million people will lose their lives because of reasons
depending on the cigarettes (Karatay an Kubilay,
2004).
Nowadays, cigarettes are in the first place
among used addictive substances in the world.
Cigarette habit often starts in the adolescent period.
300 million young people in the world is dependent on
cigarettes, and one of every five cigarette users is
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