biology

slide3(interdiction)

· Bacteria, ciliates, and heterotrophic flagellates are interdependent and essential to the aquatic ecosystem. 

· However, there are factors that can either contribute positively or negatively to the functioning of these 3 elements.

· These factors can be categorized into « natural » and « industrial factors ».

slide4(the mechanism) 

-There are 4 mechanisms that influence the structure of functioning of bacteria in any aquatic ecosystem. 

-The most important two ones are « bottom-up » and « top-down » cycles. The « bottom-up » cycle shows that bacteria are considered food for the creatures are the immediate higher consumers of the chain.

-The « top-down » cycle shows that bacteria can be themselves limited because of creatures that hinder their production and availability.

Those are generally  nanoflagellates and ciliates.

slide5

· As I mentioned in the previous slide, there is a relation between « Microbial loop » and eutrophication that is governed by a number of factors.

· My point here is to explain the type of  factors that govern the relation between « bacteria » and « biomass ». These factors either « internal »  or « external » as listed here:

· internal :temperature , O2

· And (Trophic State Index) that includes  N, P, chloropyll, and Secchi disc.

>>>There is a relation between these 4 elements in a way that affects the natural mechanism of the numbers of bacteria, their metabolism, morphology, activities of bacteria, and biomass. 

· However, it is worth mentioning that acquatic viruses have a negative effect on the number and good functioning of bacteria. 

· External : sunlight ,direction of the way and agricultural waste.

As a conclusion..Polluting elements rich in N,P, and CO2 lead to the change of key physico-chemical characteristics of water.

Therefor, any intervention in one step of the aqutic ecosystem would create a disequilibrium in the entire system.

slide6 (spring turnover)

· The layering of lakes has to do with the relationship between water density and temperature. 

· Water is most dense at (4 degrees Celsius), and as water warms or cools from that mark it gets less dense. 

· This has implications for a lake's structure because the denser water is heavier and will be at the bottom of a lake while the less dense water is lighter and will generally be at the top of the lake.

slide 7(Area of study)

· The located of Masurian lakes is in the north-east side of Poland as you can see on the map.

slide8( the selected lake)

· My study covers 13 lakes of the Masurian Lake . 

· As you also can see on the map these lakes stretch North to South.

· And they are interconnected by water canals.

· It is obvious(Clear) to notice that the aquatic ecosystem of these lakes is very interconnected. 

· Therefore, any change in one of these lakes would affect the others.

slide9(method)

· The method that i was using is DAPI staining .

· Researchers have studied the quantity of bacteria in water using several methods.

· DAPI is a fluorescent stain that binds strongly to A-T rich regions in DNA.

· DAPI was first discover in 1971 in the laboratory of Otto Dann.

slide 10 (aim)

· My main conclusion and recommendation is: to limit throwing human waste in the vicinity of lakes. In fact, it is better to use this waste as well as the excessive biomass in some forms of ecological industry such as heating.