1 page essay

Mughal during the early 16th century and was founded by the Babur who reigned the Mughal emperor from 1526 to 1530 AD. Babur won the battle against the Delhi Sultan Ibrahim Lodi which is popularly known as Battle of Panipat (Thorpe & Thorpe, 2009, p. 2.74). In the same year he defeated the Rana Sanga of Mewar and later in the year 1529 he defeated the Afghans of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. He died in the year 1530 but he has conquered all of Northern India from the Indus River to the Bihar and even in the east from Himalayas to the south in Gwalior. After the death Babur his son Humayun took over his empire. Humayun was a weak ruler and even lost to the Afghans. He did not played any significant role in the development of Mughal Empire.

Akbar the son of Humayun took over the empire after his death. Akbar was the most liked Mughal rulers. He not only extended the Mughal Empire to all over India but he also build great monuments and buildings and even brought secularism in the country. In the expansion of Mughal Empire under the rule of Akbar bought a significant amount of stability in the internal activities of the country. He was able bring secularism in the country, he celebrated every festival with same dignity and method. He even has peoples in his court of different caste and religious. He even made very good relation with the foreigners. Akbar helped the Portuguese in doing the sea trade along the sub-continent and even helped them in building new factories and trading units so as to run their business in the eastern India. He even helped many others like he helped Ottoman Empire by providing huge amount of finance to Pilgrimages and Muslim society. He also had good relations with the Safavid Dynasty. In overall Akbar maintained a good relation with almost everyone who asked for his support and help. In spite being a Muslim Akbar maintained a good relation with the Hindus and the Jains and gave them every help possible. During the rule of Humayun Hindus were forced to adopt Islam but during the rule of Akbar he allowed all such people to convert back to Hindu religion. Hindus loved Akbar a lot and they show their love towards Akbar by referencing him with numerous religious song or hymns. Akbar greatly followed the Jain religion and he had a great impact in his life through Jains preaching and thoughts. Akbar also left eating flesh after learning about the philosophy of Jain religion on vegetarianism and non-violence. He also declared “Amari Ghosana” which banned the eating or hunting of animals during the festival of Jains and Mahaveer Jayanti. During the reign of Akbar Mughals Empire not only grew in size but it also had a stiff growth in the military Organization, Capital, culture and economy of the Mughals.

After the reign of Akbar Jahangir took over the Mughal Empire. He was also a good ruler and have even settled all the problem which occurred during the rule of Akbar with the Rajputanas. Jahangir had a great interest in art and architecture and learned a lot in this field and even helped in the growth of art form during his reign. As his father Akbar Jahangir also followed the path of secularism and gave equal respect to every religion. Jahangir build many architectural buildings popular being Shalimar Garden in Kashmir and others.

Shah Jahan took over the Mughal dynasty from his father Jahangir after his death. He was known for his great architectural work. He has built many buildings like The Taj Mahal (Tillotson, 2010), The Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Mumtaj Mahal and the Shalimar Garden in Lahore being the most famous. He was the greatest ruler of Mughal dynasty and the Mughal dynasty developed prospered a lot during his reign. His reign was also recognised as the Golden Era. He also introduced new kind of coins made from gold, silver and bronze. Aurangzeb the son of Shah Jahan took over the Mughal Dynasty from his father before his death. He was a cruel ruler. He was stubborn Muslim and during his reign secularism seemed to vanish from the Mughal Dynasty. Aurangzeb was the most wealthy Mughal ruler and during his reign of 49 years Mughal empire reached to its extreme extent but he was hated by all for his cruel behaviour. After his death Mughal emperor had a great downfall and during the reign of Bahadur Shah Mughal Empire was taken over by the British.

References

Thorpe, S., & Thorpe, E. (2009). History of India: Medieval India. In The Pearson General Studies Manual (1st ed., p. 2.74). Pearson.

Tillotson, G. (2010). Taj Mahal.