in 2-3 pages do a summery for chapter 13 14 15
JamVic
chap015.pptBusiness Driven Technology
Unit 4
Building Innovation
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
Opening Case Additional Material
Ironman now uses news feeds via RSS and podcasts to distribute information to interested people.
http://feeds.ironman.com/ironman/topstories
http://feeds.ironman.com/ironmanlife
In addition, interested athletes can join thousands of triathletes on iAmTri, the official social network for IRONMAN (it's free!), or add the IRONMAN Facebook Page to their Facebook profile. http://iamtri.com/
Unit Four
- Chapter Thirteen - Creating Innovative Organization
- Chapter Fourteen - EBusiness
- Chapter Fifteen - Creating Collaborative Partnerships
- Chapter Sixteen - Integrating Wireless Technology in Business
15-*
*
Information is everywhere. Information is a strategic asset. Without information, an organization simply could not operate. This Unit introduces students to several core business strategies that focus on using information to gain a competitive advantage, including:
Competitive advantages
Porter’s Five Forces Model
Porter’s three generic strategies
Value chain
Supply chain management
Customer relationship management
Business process reengineering
Enterprise resource planning
IT efficiency metrics
IT effectiveness metrics
Organizational structures
Ethics
Security
Many of these concepts and strategies will be new to your students. Be sure to explain to your students that this Unit offers an introduction to these concepts and they will gain a solid understanding of the details of these concepts as they continue reading the text. For example, customer relationship management is introduced in Unit One and discussed in detail in several additional chapters and in the business plug-ins.
Chapter 15
Creating Collaborative Partnerships
15-*
*
CLASSROOM OPENER
GREAT BUSINESS DECISIONS – Edwin Land Develops the Polaroid Camera
In 1937, Edwin Land started a company that made a polarizing plastic and named it Polaroid. The business boomed. Land was taking family pictures on his vacation in 1943 when his three-year-old daughter asked why they had to wait so long to see the developed photographs. Land was struck with the idea of combining the polarization technology with developing films. By 1950, Land had a camera that produced black-and-white images and by 1963, he released a camera that produced color pictures. The Polaroid camera took off and by the late 1960s, it was estimated that 50 percent of American households owned one.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Explain Web 2.0 and identify its four characteristics
Explain how Business 2.0 is helping communities network and collaborate
Describe the three Business 2.0 tools for collaborating
Explain the three challenges associated with Business 2.0
Describe Web 3.0 and the next generation of online business
15-*
*
A detailed review of the learning outcomes can be found at the end of the chapter in the textbook
WEB 2.0: ADVANTAGES OF BUSINESS 2.0
- Web 2.0 – The next generation of Internet use – a more mature, distinctive communications platform characterized by three qualities
- Collaboration
- Sharing
- Free
15-*
*
Web 2.0 is a set of economic, social, and technology trends that collectively form the basis for the next generation of the Internet—a more mature, distinctive medium characterized by user participation, openness, and network effects. Although the term suggests a new version of the World Wide Web, it does not refer to an update to Web technical specifications; instead, it refers to changes in the ways software developers and end-users use the Web as a platform. According to Tim O’Reilly, “Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the Internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform.” The text figures displays the move from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0, and the timeline of Web 1.0 and Web 2.0.
More than just the latest technology buzzword, Web 2.0 is a transformative force that is propelling companies across all industries toward a new way of doing business. Those who act on the Web 2.0 opportunity stand to gain an early-mover advantage in their markets. What is causing this change? Consider the following raw demographic and technological drivers:
One billion people around the globe now have access to the Internet.
Mobile devices outnumber desktop computers by a factor of two.
Nearly 50 percent of all U.S. Internet access is now via always-on broadband connections.
Combine these drivers with the fundamental laws of social networks and lessons from the Web’s first decade, and you get Web 2.0, the next-generation, user-driven, intelligent Web:
In the first quarter of 2006, MySpace.com signed up 280,000 new users each day and had the second most Internet traffic of any web site.
By the second quarter of 2006, 50 million blogs were created—new ones were added at a rate of two per second.
In 2005, eBay conducted 8 billion API-based Web services transactions.
CLASSROOM EXERCISE
The Web’s Most Useful Sights
You have lots of stuff to get done. And these next-generation services can help with everything from wrangling passwords to throwing a party.
http://tech.msn.com/products/article.aspx?cp-documentid=2521180
Will these sites be useful in Web 2.0?
How will these sites be different in Web 2.0?
WEB 2.0: ADVANTAGES OF BUSINESS 2.0
Characteristics of Business 2.0
15-*
*
It is getting harder and harder for any one individual to perform organizational activities in isolation
Ask your students to list types of organizational activities that are performed by individuals
Ans: For the most part, almost all organizational activities are performed in teams. For example, a customer service representative usually needs to talk with many coworkers to discover customer issues and problem resolution
A marketing executive will need to work with sales representatives to determine what is “hot” in the market, what is selling, and what issues/complaints customers have before launching a new product
The majority of work today is performed in groups and teams
These teams can be departmental, interdepartmental, cross-functional, internal, and external
CLASSROOM EXERCISE
Bad Bosses Collaboration
This is an interesting Web site with war stories on bad bosses.
http://www.workingamerica.org/badboss/
Great example of the power of collaboration!
Content Sharing Through Open Sourcing
- Open system – Nonproprietary hardware and software based on publicly known standards that allows third parties to create add-on products to plug into or interoperate with the system
- Source code
- Open source
15-*
Source code – contains instructions written by a programmer specifying the actions to be performed by computer software
Open source – any software whose source code is made available free for any third party to review and modify
Collaboration systems, such as groupware, enable, support, and facilitate internal and external team collaboration
This is a good time to mention the importance of people skills, or soft skills, in additional to business knowledge. Your students should anticipate working with many coworkers from different areas of the business when solving issues or finding opportunities. Building soft skills is just as important as building analytical skills. Successful people rarely work in isolation.
Collaboration solves specific business tasks such as telecommuting, online meetings, deploying applications, and remote project and sales management
Collaboration allows people, teams, and organizations to leverage and build upon the ideas and talents of staff, suppliers, customers, and business partners
It involves a unique set of business challenges that:
Include complex interactions between people who may be in different locations and desire to work across function and discipline areas
Require flexibility in work process and the ability to involve others quickly and easily
Create and share information rapidly and effortlessly within a team
Increasingly, organizations are extending their focus from internal operations like planning and scheduling, enterprise resource planning and sales force automation, toward operations beyond their own four walls with external customers and suppliers
This chapter focuses on the need for collaboration, the technology that supports collaboration, and collaboration trends
Collaboration with an iPod – Team adds iPods to coaching staff
http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/06/16/ipod.homework.ap/index.html
*
User-Contributed Content
- User-contributed content – Created and updated by many users for many users
- Reputation system – Where buyers post feedback on sellers
15-*
Ask your students to identify websites that operate using user-contributed content
YouTube
Digg
Yelp
Rate My Professor
CLASSROOM VIDEO
Wikipedia – Colbert Report
For those of you who are big fans of wikipedia, here is an interesting comedic segment from the 'Colbert Report' on wikipedia. This video clip comes from youtube.com and lasts about 4 minutes. You might find this useful to share with your students regarding the need to critically evaluate information.
This link works - straight from comedy central.
Another great clip on using Wikipedia for lobbying.
*
Collaboration Inside the Organization
- Collaboration system – Set of tools that supports the work of teams or groups by facilitating the sharing and flow of information
- Collective intelligence – Collaborating and tapping into the core knowledge of all employees, partners, and customers
- Knowledge management - Involves capturing, classifying, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing information assets in a way that provides context for effective decisions and actions
15-*
Collaboration system – set of tools that supports the work of teams or groups by facilitating the sharing and flow of information
Collective intelligence - Collaborating and tapping into the core knowledge of all employees, partners, and customers.
Knowledge management - Involves capturing, classifying, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing information assets in a way that provides context for effective decisions and actions. –
Knowledge management system - Supports the capturing, organization, and dissemination of knowledge (i.e., know-how) throughout an organization
Why is knowledge one of the real competitive advantages?
It is difficult to duplicate knowledge
It can take years to acquire
It is a personal asset
What if an organization could capture all of a persons knowledge using technology?
You would no longer need that person in the organization
*
Collaboration Inside the Organization
- Knowledge-based assets fall into two categories
- Explicit knowledge – Consists of anything that can be documented, achieved, and codified, often with the help of IT
- Tacit knowledge – Knowledge contained in people’s heads
15-*
Identify two types of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge
Explicit knowledge – payroll information, customer address, student grades, faculty courses taught
Tacit knowledge – how to perform a process, how to perform an activity, how you feel about something
*
Collaboration Outside the Organization
- Crowdsourcing – the wisdom of the crowd
- Asynchronous communication
- Synchronous communication
15-*
Asynchronous communication such as email in which the message and the response do not occur at the same time.
Synchronous communications that occur at the same time such as IM or chat.
*
NETWORKING COMMUNITIES WITH BUSINESS 2.0
- Social media – Websites that rely on user participation and user-contributed content
- Social network – An application that connects people by matching profile information
- Social networking – The practice of expanding your business and/or social contacts by a personal network
15-*
Social networking analysis - Maps group contacts identifying who knows each other and who works together.
KM is not a purely technology-based concept
Organizations that implement a centralized database system, electronic message board, Web portal, or any other collaborative tool in the hope that they have established a KMS are wasting both their time and money
What types of knowledge management programs could your college pursue to help new students adapt to the college?
Effective study habits
Writing rules
Research database
Course evaluations
*
Social Tagging
- Tags – Specific keywords or phrases incorporated into website content for means of classification or taxonomy
- Social tagging
- Folksonomy
- Website bookmark
- Social bookmarking
15-*
Social tagging - Describes the collaborative activity of marking shared online content with keywords or tags as a way to organize it for future navigation, filtering, or search.
Folksonomy - Similar to taxonomy except that crowdsourcing determines the tags or keyword-based classification system.
Website bookmark - A locally stored URL or the address of a file or Internet page saved as a shortcut.
Social bookmarking - Allows users to share, organize, search, and manage bookmarks.
Ask your students to research the Internet to determine how tagging can impact an organization
*
Social Tagging
Folksonomy for Cellular Phones
15-*
Social tagging - Describes the collaborative activity of marking shared online content with keywords or tags as a way to organize it for future navigation, filtering, or search.
Folksonomy - Similar to taxonomy except that crowdsourcing determines the tags or keyword-based classification system.
Website bookmark - A locally stored URL or the address of a file or Internet page saved as a shortcut.
Social bookmarking - Allows users to share, organize, search, and manage bookmarks.
*
BUSINESS 2.0 TOOLS FOR COLLABORATING
15-*
Blog - An online journal that allows users to post their own comments, graphics, and video.
Wiki – A type of collaborative Web page that allows users to add, remove, and change content, which can be easily organized and reorganized as required.
Mashup - A website or Web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new product or service.
Mashup editor - WYSIWYGs or What You See Is What You Get toolsCLASSROOM EXERCISE
Process of Collaboration
Collaboration is always operating through certain group processes — processes of communication, coordination, cooperation, but also information sharing. Split students up into four groups, each representing the processes above. Have each group make a list of the collaborative technologies differentiated by the collaboration processes they support.
These processes do not work independently of one another but are usually intermingled and determined by each other. True collaboration tools will try to provide help for all those collaboration processes, but their main focus is mostly on one of these areas.
*
Blogs
- Blog – Online journal that allows users to post their own comments, graphics, and video
- Microblogging
- Real simple syndication
15-*
Blog – Online journal that allows users to post their own comments, graphics, and video
Microblogging - The practice of sending brief posts (140 to 200 characters) to a personal blog, either publicly or to a private group of subscribers who can read the posts as IMs or as text
Real simple syndication -A Web format used to publish frequently updated works, such as blogs, news headlines, audio, and video in a standardized format.
*
Wikis
- Wiki – Collaborative Web page that allows users to add, remove, and change content, which can be easily organization and reorganized as required
- Network effect
15-*
Wikis are Web-based tools that make it easy for users to add, remove, and change online content
Network effect – Describes how products in a network increase in value to users as the number of users increases
Business wikis are collaborative Web pages that allow users to edit documents, share ideas, or monitor the status of a project. Most people are familiar with Wikipedia, one of the largest online collaboration Web sites. Employees also use wikis to collaborate; for example, companies such as Intel, Motorola, IBM, and Sony use them for a host of tasks, from setting internal meeting agendas to posting documents related to new products. Many companies rely on wikis to engage customers in ongoing discussions about products. Wikis for Motorola and T-Mobile handsets serve as continually updated user guides. TV networks including ABC and CBS are creating fan wikis that let viewers interact with each other as they unravel mysteries from such shows as Lost and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
*
Mashups
- Mashup – Website or Web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new product or service
- Application programming interface
- Mashup editor
15-*
Application programming interface (API) - A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications.
Mashup editor - WYSIWYGs or What You See Is What You Get tools
A Web mashup is a website or web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new service. The term is typically used in the context of music; putting Jay-Z lyrics over a Radiohead song makes something old become new. The Web version of a mashup allows users to mix map data, photos, video, news feeds, blog entries and so on. Content used in mashups is typically sourced from an application programming interface (API), which is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications.
Mashup editors are WSYIWYGs (What You See Is What You Get) for mashups. They provide a visual interface to build a mashup, often allowing the user to drag and drop data points into a Web application
1001 Secret Fishing Holes: Over a thousand fishing spots in national parks, wildlife refuges, lakes, campgrounds, historic trails etc. (Google Maps API).
25 Best Companies to Work For: Map of the 100 best U.S. companies to work for as rated by Fortune magazine. (Google Maps API).
Album Covers: Uses the Amazon API and an Ajax-style user interface to retrieve CD/DVD covers from the Amazon catalog (Amazon eCommerce API).
Gawker: A handy mashup for keeping up with celebrity sightings in New York City. Readers are encouraged to e-mail as soon as the celeb is spotted (Google Maps API).
Gigul8tor: Provides a data entry page where bands can enter information about upcoming gigs and venues. Gigul8tor displays a list of possible locations depending on the venue engine and enters event information right into Eventful in an interface designed just for bands. It shows how different user interfaces could be built in front of Eventful with mashup techniques.
GBlinker: A Google pin wired to a serial port so it flashes when e-mail arrives.
OpenKapow: Offers a platform for creating Web-based APIs, feeds, and HTML snippets from any Web site, taking mashup possibilities way beyond the move than 300 APIs offered on ProgrammableWeb.
The Hype Machine: Combines blog posts from a set of curated music blogs with Amazon sales data and upcoming events. The Hype Machine tracks songs and discussion posted on the best blogs about music. It integrates with iTunes to take customers right from the Web page to the track they are interested in. If the customer prefers buying through Amazon, The Hype Machine figures out what CD page to display.
*
THE CHALLENGES OF BUSINESS 2.0
15-*
Ebusiness challenges include:
Protecting consumers
Leveraging existing systems
Increasing liability
Providing security
Adhering to taxation rules
Which type of ebusiness security would you recommend a business implement? Why?
Ebusiness Security
Encryption - scrambles information into an alternative form that requires a key or password to decrypt. Encryption is achieved by scrambling letters, replacing letters, replacing letters with numbers, and other ways.
Secure socket layer (SSL) - (1) creates a secure and private connection between a client and server computer, (2) encrypts the information, and (3) sends the information over the Internet. SSL is identified by a website address that includes an “s” at the end—https.
Secure electronic transaction (SET) - a transmission security method that ensures transactions are secure and legitimate. Similar to SSL, SET encrypts information before sending it over the Internet. However, SET also enables customer authentication for credit card transaction. SETs are endorsed by major ecommerce players including MasterCard, American Express, Visa, Netscape, and Microsoft.
*
WEB 3.0
- Web 3.0 – Based on “intelligent” Web applications using natural language processing, machine-based learning and reasoning, and intelligence applications
- Semantic Web – A component of Web 2.0 that describes things in a way that computers can understand
15-*
Transforming the Web into a Database
The first step toward a Web 3.0 is the emergence of the data-driven Web as structured data records are published to the Web in formats that are reusable and able to be queried remotely. Because of the recent growth of standardized query language for searching across distributed databases on the Web, the data-driven Web enables a new level of data integration and application interoperability, making data as openly accessible and linkable as Web pages. The data-driven Web is the first step on the path toward the full semantic Web. In the data-driven Web phase, the focus is on making structured data available using databases. The full semantic Web stage will widen the scope such that both structured data and even what is traditionally thought of as unstructured or semistructured content (such as Web pages, documents, email, etc.) will be widely available in common formats.
An Evolutionary Path to Artificial Intelligence
Web 3.0 has also been used to describe an evolutionary path for the Web that leads to artificial intelligence that can reason about the Web in a quasi-human fashion. Some skeptics regard this as an unobtainable vision. However, companies such as IBM and Google are implementing new technologies that are yielding surprising information, such as predicting hit songs by mining information on college music Web sites. There is also debate over whether the driving force behind Web 3.0 will be intelligent systems, or whether intelligence will emerge in a more organic fashion, from systems of intelligent people, such as via collaborative filtering services like del.icio.us, Flickr, and Digg that extract meaning and order from the existing Web and how people interact with it.
The Realization of the Semantic Web and SOA
Related to the artificial intelligence direction, Web 3.0 could be the realization of a possible convergence of the semantic Web and service-oriented architecture (SOA). Companies have longed to integrate existing systems in order to implement information technology support for
business processes that cover the entire business value chain. The main drivers for SOA adoption are that it links computational resources and promotes their reuse. Enterprise architects believe that SOA can help businesses respond more quickly and cost-effectively to changing market conditions. This style of architecture can simplify interconnection to—and usage of—existing IT (legacy) assets.
Evolution Toward 3D
Another possible path for Web 3.0 is toward the three-dimensional vision championed by the Web3D Consortium. This would involve the Web transforming into a series of 3D spaces, taking the concept realized by Second Life further. This could open up new ways to connect and collaborate using 3D shared spaces.
*
Egovernment: The Government Moves Online
- Egovernment - Involves the use of strategies and technologies to transform government(s) by improving the delivery of services and enhancing the quality of interaction between the citizen-consumer within all branches of government
15-*
*
The chapter discussed many ways that businesses are growing and increasing profits through ebusiness
How can egovernment use some of the trends discussed throughout the chapter to help reduce costs and increase revenue?
Egovernment: The Government Moves Online
15-*
*
Review the website http://firstgov.gov/ - the official U.S. gateway to all government information
This website is a catalyst for a growing electronic government
Ask your students to review the following websites to further understand the progress being made in egovernment
C2G – eGov.com
B2G – lockheedmartin.com
G2B – export.gov
G2C – medicare.gov
G2G – disasterhelp.gov
Mbusiness: Supporting Anywhere Business
- Mobile business - The ability to purchase goods and services through a wireless Internet-enabled device
15-*
*
CLASSROOM EXERCISE
Mobile Mania
Ask your students to develop a product or service that could be used in the mcommerce market
A device to download music and videos through wireless
Purchase goods and services through a cell phone
LEARNING OUTCOME REVIEW
- Now that you have finished the chapter please review the learning outcomes in your text
15-*
Be sure to review the learning outcomes included in the end-of-chapter material
*
*
Opening Case Additional Material
Ironman now uses news feeds via RSS and podcasts to distribute information to interested people.
http://feeds.ironman.com/ironman/topstories
http://feeds.ironman.com/ironmanlife
In addition, interested athletes can join thousands of triathletes on iAmTri, the official social network for IRONMAN (it's free!), or add the IRONMAN Facebook Page to their Facebook profile. http://iamtri.com/
*
Information is everywhere. Information is a strategic asset. Without information, an organization simply could not operate. This Unit introduces students to several core business strategies that focus on using information to gain a competitive advantage, including:
Competitive advantages
Porter’s Five Forces Model
Porter’s three generic strategies
Value chain
Supply chain management
Customer relationship management
Business process reengineering
Enterprise resource planning
IT efficiency metrics
IT effectiveness metrics
Organizational structures
Ethics
Security
Many of these concepts and strategies will be new to your students. Be sure to explain to your students that this Unit offers an introduction to these concepts and they will gain a solid understanding of the details of these concepts as they continue reading the text. For example, customer relationship management is introduced in Unit One and discussed in detail in several additional chapters and in the business plug-ins.
*
CLASSROOM OPENER
GREAT BUSINESS DECISIONS – Edwin Land Develops the Polaroid Camera
In 1937, Edwin Land started a company that made a polarizing plastic and named it Polaroid. The business boomed. Land was taking family pictures on his vacation in 1943 when his three-year-old daughter asked why they had to wait so long to see the developed photographs. Land was struck with the idea of combining the polarization technology with developing films. By 1950, Land had a camera that produced black-and-white images and by 1963, he released a camera that produced color pictures. The Polaroid camera took off and by the late 1960s, it was estimated that 50 percent of American households owned one.
*
A detailed review of the learning outcomes can be found at the end of the chapter in the textbook
*
Web 2.0 is a set of economic, social, and technology trends that collectively form the basis for the next generation of the Internet—a more mature, distinctive medium characterized by user participation, openness, and network effects. Although the term suggests a new version of the World Wide Web, it does not refer to an update to Web technical specifications; instead, it refers to changes in the ways software developers and end-users use the Web as a platform. According to Tim O’Reilly, “Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the Internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform.” The text figures displays the move from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0, and the timeline of Web 1.0 and Web 2.0.
More than just the latest technology buzzword, Web 2.0 is a transformative force that is propelling companies across all industries toward a new way of doing business. Those who act on the Web 2.0 opportunity stand to gain an early-mover advantage in their markets. What is causing this change? Consider the following raw demographic and technological drivers:
One billion people around the globe now have access to the Internet.
Mobile devices outnumber desktop computers by a factor of two.
Nearly 50 percent of all U.S. Internet access is now via always-on broadband connections.
Combine these drivers with the fundamental laws of social networks and lessons from the Web’s first decade, and you get Web 2.0, the next-generation, user-driven, intelligent Web:
In the first quarter of 2006, MySpace.com signed up 280,000 new users each day and had the second most Internet traffic of any web site.
By the second quarter of 2006, 50 million blogs were created—new ones were added at a rate of two per second.
In 2005, eBay conducted 8 billion API-based Web services transactions.
CLASSROOM EXERCISE
The Web’s Most Useful Sights
You have lots of stuff to get done. And these next-generation services can help with everything from wrangling passwords to throwing a party.
http://tech.msn.com/products/article.aspx?cp-documentid=2521180
Will these sites be useful in Web 2.0?
How will these sites be different in Web 2.0?
*
It is getting harder and harder for any one individual to perform organizational activities in isolation
Ask your students to list types of organizational activities that are performed by individuals
Ans: For the most part, almost all organizational activities are performed in teams. For example, a customer service representative usually needs to talk with many coworkers to discover customer issues and problem resolution
A marketing executive will need to work with sales representatives to determine what is “hot” in the market, what is selling, and what issues/complaints customers have before launching a new product
The majority of work today is performed in groups and teams
These teams can be departmental, interdepartmental, cross-functional, internal, and external
CLASSROOM EXERCISE
Bad Bosses Collaboration
This is an interesting Web site with war stories on bad bosses.
http://www.workingamerica.org/badboss/
Great example of the power of collaboration!
Source code – contains instructions written by a programmer specifying the actions to be performed by computer software
Open source – any software whose source code is made available free for any third party to review and modify
Collaboration systems, such as groupware, enable, support, and facilitate internal and external team collaboration
This is a good time to mention the importance of people skills, or soft skills, in additional to business knowledge. Your students should anticipate working with many coworkers from different areas of the business when solving issues or finding opportunities. Building soft skills is just as important as building analytical skills. Successful people rarely work in isolation.
Collaboration solves specific business tasks such as telecommuting, online meetings, deploying applications, and remote project and sales management
Collaboration allows people, teams, and organizations to leverage and build upon the ideas and talents of staff, suppliers, customers, and business partners
It involves a unique set of business challenges that:
Include complex interactions between people who may be in different locations and desire to work across function and discipline areas
Require flexibility in work process and the ability to involve others quickly and easily
Create and share information rapidly and effortlessly within a team
Increasingly, organizations are extending their focus from internal operations like planning and scheduling, enterprise resource planning and sales force automation, toward operations beyond their own four walls with external customers and suppliers
This chapter focuses on the need for collaboration, the technology that supports collaboration, and collaboration trends
Collaboration with an iPod – Team adds iPods to coaching staff
http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/06/16/ipod.homework.ap/index.html
*
Ask your students to identify websites that operate using user-contributed content
YouTube
Digg
Yelp
Rate My Professor
CLASSROOM VIDEO
Wikipedia – Colbert Report
For those of you who are big fans of wikipedia, here is an interesting comedic segment from the 'Colbert Report' on wikipedia. This video clip comes from youtube.com and lasts about 4 minutes. You might find this useful to share with your students regarding the need to critically evaluate information.
This link works - straight from comedy central.
Another great clip on using Wikipedia for lobbying.
*
Collaboration system – set of tools that supports the work of teams or groups by facilitating the sharing and flow of information
Collective intelligence - Collaborating and tapping into the core knowledge of all employees, partners, and customers.
Knowledge management - Involves capturing, classifying, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing information assets in a way that provides context for effective decisions and actions. –
Knowledge management system - Supports the capturing, organization, and dissemination of knowledge (i.e., know-how) throughout an organization
Why is knowledge one of the real competitive advantages?
It is difficult to duplicate knowledge
It can take years to acquire
It is a personal asset
What if an organization could capture all of a persons knowledge using technology?
You would no longer need that person in the organization
*
Identify two types of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge
Explicit knowledge – payroll information, customer address, student grades, faculty courses taught
Tacit knowledge – how to perform a process, how to perform an activity, how you feel about something
*
Asynchronous communication such as email in which the message and the response do not occur at the same time.
Synchronous communications that occur at the same time such as IM or chat.
*
Social networking analysis - Maps group contacts identifying who knows each other and who works together.
KM is not a purely technology-based concept
Organizations that implement a centralized database system, electronic message board, Web portal, or any other collaborative tool in the hope that they have established a KMS are wasting both their time and money
What types of knowledge management programs could your college pursue to help new students adapt to the college?
Effective study habits
Writing rules
Research database
Course evaluations
*
Social tagging - Describes the collaborative activity of marking shared online content with keywords or tags as a way to organize it for future navigation, filtering, or search.
Folksonomy - Similar to taxonomy except that crowdsourcing determines the tags or keyword-based classification system.
Website bookmark - A locally stored URL or the address of a file or Internet page saved as a shortcut.
Social bookmarking - Allows users to share, organize, search, and manage bookmarks.
Ask your students to research the Internet to determine how tagging can impact an organization
*
Social tagging - Describes the collaborative activity of marking shared online content with keywords or tags as a way to organize it for future navigation, filtering, or search.
Folksonomy - Similar to taxonomy except that crowdsourcing determines the tags or keyword-based classification system.
Website bookmark - A locally stored URL or the address of a file or Internet page saved as a shortcut.
Social bookmarking - Allows users to share, organize, search, and manage bookmarks.
*
Blog - An online journal that allows users to post their own comments, graphics, and video.
Wiki – A type of collaborative Web page that allows users to add, remove, and change content, which can be easily organized and reorganized as required.
Mashup - A website or Web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new product or service.
Mashup editor - WYSIWYGs or What You See Is What You Get toolsCLASSROOM EXERCISE
Process of Collaboration
Collaboration is always operating through certain group processes — processes of communication, coordination, cooperation, but also information sharing. Split students up into four groups, each representing the processes above. Have each group make a list of the collaborative technologies differentiated by the collaboration processes they support.
These processes do not work independently of one another but are usually intermingled and determined by each other. True collaboration tools will try to provide help for all those collaboration processes, but their main focus is mostly on one of these areas.
*
Blog – Online journal that allows users to post their own comments, graphics, and video
Microblogging - The practice of sending brief posts (140 to 200 characters) to a personal blog, either publicly or to a private group of subscribers who can read the posts as IMs or as text
Real simple syndication -A Web format used to publish frequently updated works, such as blogs, news headlines, audio, and video in a standardized format.
*
Wikis are Web-based tools that make it easy for users to add, remove, and change online content
Network effect – Describes how products in a network increase in value to users as the number of users increases
Business wikis are collaborative Web pages that allow users to edit documents, share ideas, or monitor the status of a project. Most people are familiar with Wikipedia, one of the largest online collaboration Web sites. Employees also use wikis to collaborate; for example, companies such as Intel, Motorola, IBM, and Sony use them for a host of tasks, from setting internal meeting agendas to posting documents related to new products. Many companies rely on wikis to engage customers in ongoing discussions about products. Wikis for Motorola and T-Mobile handsets serve as continually updated user guides. TV networks including ABC and CBS are creating fan wikis that let viewers interact with each other as they unravel mysteries from such shows as Lost and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
*
Application programming interface (API) - A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications.
Mashup editor - WYSIWYGs or What You See Is What You Get tools
A Web mashup is a website or web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new service. The term is typically used in the context of music; putting Jay-Z lyrics over a Radiohead song makes something old become new. The Web version of a mashup allows users to mix map data, photos, video, news feeds, blog entries and so on. Content used in mashups is typically sourced from an application programming interface (API), which is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications.
Mashup editors are WSYIWYGs (What You See Is What You Get) for mashups. They provide a visual interface to build a mashup, often allowing the user to drag and drop data points into a Web application
1001 Secret Fishing Holes: Over a thousand fishing spots in national parks, wildlife refuges, lakes, campgrounds, historic trails etc. (Google Maps API).
25 Best Companies to Work For: Map of the 100 best U.S. companies to work for as rated by Fortune magazine. (Google Maps API).
Album Covers: Uses the Amazon API and an Ajax-style user interface to retrieve CD/DVD covers from the Amazon catalog (Amazon eCommerce API).
Gawker: A handy mashup for keeping up with celebrity sightings in New York City. Readers are encouraged to e-mail as soon as the celeb is spotted (Google Maps API).
Gigul8tor: Provides a data entry page where bands can enter information about upcoming gigs and venues. Gigul8tor displays a list of possible locations depending on the venue engine and enters event information right into Eventful in an interface designed just for bands. It shows how different user interfaces could be built in front of Eventful with mashup techniques.
GBlinker: A Google pin wired to a serial port so it flashes when e-mail arrives.
OpenKapow: Offers a platform for creating Web-based APIs, feeds, and HTML snippets from any Web site, taking mashup possibilities way beyond the move than 300 APIs offered on ProgrammableWeb.
The Hype Machine: Combines blog posts from a set of curated music blogs with Amazon sales data and upcoming events. The Hype Machine tracks songs and discussion posted on the best blogs about music. It integrates with iTunes to take customers right from the Web page to the track they are interested in. If the customer prefers buying through Amazon, The Hype Machine figures out what CD page to display.
*
Ebusiness challenges include:
Protecting consumers
Leveraging existing systems
Increasing liability
Providing security
Adhering to taxation rules
Which type of ebusiness security would you recommend a business implement? Why?
Ebusiness Security
Encryption - scrambles information into an alternative form that requires a key or password to decrypt. Encryption is achieved by scrambling letters, replacing letters, replacing letters with numbers, and other ways.
Secure socket layer (SSL) - (1) creates a secure and private connection between a client and server computer, (2) encrypts the information, and (3) sends the information over the Internet. SSL is identified by a website address that includes an “s” at the end—https.
Secure electronic transaction (SET) - a transmission security method that ensures transactions are secure and legitimate. Similar to SSL, SET encrypts information before sending it over the Internet. However, SET also enables customer authentication for credit card transaction. SETs are endorsed by major ecommerce players including MasterCard, American Express, Visa, Netscape, and Microsoft.
*
Transforming the Web into a Database
The first step toward a Web 3.0 is the emergence of the data-driven Web as structured data records are published to the Web in formats that are reusable and able to be queried remotely. Because of the recent growth of standardized query language for searching across distributed databases on the Web, the data-driven Web enables a new level of data integration and application interoperability, making data as openly accessible and linkable as Web pages. The data-driven Web is the first step on the path toward the full semantic Web. In the data-driven Web phase, the focus is on making structured data available using databases. The full semantic Web stage will widen the scope such that both structured data and even what is traditionally thought of as unstructured or semistructured content (such as Web pages, documents, email, etc.) will be widely available in common formats.
An Evolutionary Path to Artificial Intelligence
Web 3.0 has also been used to describe an evolutionary path for the Web that leads to artificial intelligence that can reason about the Web in a quasi-human fashion. Some skeptics regard this as an unobtainable vision. However, companies such as IBM and Google are implementing new technologies that are yielding surprising information, such as predicting hit songs by mining information on college music Web sites. There is also debate over whether the driving force behind Web 3.0 will be intelligent systems, or whether intelligence will emerge in a more organic fashion, from systems of intelligent people, such as via collaborative filtering services like del.icio.us, Flickr, and Digg that extract meaning and order from the existing Web and how people interact with it.
The Realization of the Semantic Web and SOA
Related to the artificial intelligence direction, Web 3.0 could be the realization of a possible convergence of the semantic Web and service-oriented architecture (SOA). Companies have longed to integrate existing systems in order to implement information technology support for
business processes that cover the entire business value chain. The main drivers for SOA adoption are that it links computational resources and promotes their reuse. Enterprise architects believe that SOA can help businesses respond more quickly and cost-effectively to changing market conditions. This style of architecture can simplify interconnection to—and usage of—existing IT (legacy) assets.
Evolution Toward 3D
Another possible path for Web 3.0 is toward the three-dimensional vision championed by the Web3D Consortium. This would involve the Web transforming into a series of 3D spaces, taking the concept realized by Second Life further. This could open up new ways to connect and collaborate using 3D shared spaces.
*
*
The chapter discussed many ways that businesses are growing and increasing profits through ebusiness
How can egovernment use some of the trends discussed throughout the chapter to help reduce costs and increase revenue?
*
Review the website http://firstgov.gov/ - the official U.S. gateway to all government information
This website is a catalyst for a growing electronic government
Ask your students to review the following websites to further understand the progress being made in egovernment
C2G – eGov.com
B2G – lockheedmartin.com
G2B – export.gov
G2C – medicare.gov
G2G – disasterhelp.gov
*
CLASSROOM EXERCISE
Mobile Mania
Ask your students to develop a product or service that could be used in the mcommerce market
A device to download music and videos through wireless
Purchase goods and services through a cell phone
Be sure to review the learning outcomes included in the end-of-chapter material
*
