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- Mazzini and Garibaldi were associated with these political, secret societies which used guerilla warfare tactics as a means of unification.
Cavour gained international respect by opposing Mazzini, supporting a monarchial means of unification, and supplying troops in this war (It was at the peace conference of this war that he introduced the idea of Italian unification and attempted to gain France’s support).
The German Confederation was established at the __________.
This region was at the center of the Danish War between the German Confederation and Denmark. Bismarck also used Austrian-Prussian tension regarding the administering of this region (after the Danish War) to provoke the Austro-Prussian War.
In 1866, Venetia was added to Italy in exchange for Italy’s alliance with Prussia in the _____________.
India was formally ruled by [the] _________ until 1857.
The Imperialism of __________ saw European powers dominate colonial nations through economic influence.
12. In the scramble for North Africa, and in response to their inability to conquer Ethiopia in 1896, Italy seized __________, establishing its most important colony in the pre-WWI era.
14. This European diplomat used imperial ambitions in Africa as a political tool to pressure France and Britain into diplomatic negotiations.
15. Germany committed an act of genocide in its’ South-West African colony against the ___________.
16. The __________ were the primary religious missionaries during the New Imperialism.
17. This area of scientific research was most closely associated with economic development through the expansion of agriculture and the cultivation of cash crops.
21. If Germany had not invaded _________ in WWI, British public opinion might have continued to favor neutrality.
Although several countries gained the rights over new territory from the Congress of Berlin, the most significant in regards to the causes of WWI was the right of Austria-Hungary to ‘occupy and administer’ __________.
Bismarck’s two most important alliances in reducing tension in the Balkans was the Dual Alliance, which he had with Austria, and the __________- and agreement with Russia.
Germany attempted to bring this country into an alliance by escalating tension, as opposed to more diplomatic means. German actions included the ‘risk theory’ and aggressiveness in North Africa.
This country, in a sense, instigated the Balkan Wars leading to WWI. It sought to create an empire through war with the Ottomans, taking over Libya, and threatening to expand further in the Balkans.
He was friends with the murdered Archduke Francis Ferdinand, and it was largely his support of an Austrian invasion of Serbia which many historians believed instigated WWII.
The sinking of the __________ and a renewed promise of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany brought the United States closer to entering the war on the side of the Allies.
The Treaty of __________ was signed between Lenin and Germany. In this agreement which ended Russian involvement in WWI, Lenin yielded (or gave up) control of Poland, Finland, the Baltic states, and Ukraine.
This was the name of the government which took control of Germany after WWI and was largely blamed, unfairly, for Germany’s defeat.
He was ‘the most influential economic critic of the treaty [of Versailles]’. His negative analysis of the treaty had specific consequences, mainly on the foreign policies of the US and Britain.
‘Passive economic resistance’ was Germany’s response to the French invasion of the ___________. This French action was taken to ensure reparation payments were being made after WWI.
33. The __________ established that the pope was the ruler of the independent Vatican City. Mussolini was trying to resolve internal tensions and gain favor with his religious population.
36. Stalin reversed Lenin’s main economic program, the ___________. Stalin instead focused on collectivization for the production of grain.
38. __________ was the location of the greatest nationalist uprising against Britain in the post WWI era.
40. The State Planning Commission, or __________, set goals and centralized the organization of production during Stalin’s Five Year Plans.
In an attempt to pacify the tensions created by the Treaty of Versailles, Britain, France and Germany made the ____________ in 1925. Although its’ intent was to ease tension, the reality was that they foreshadowed the weakness of the west and extended the frustration certain factions within Germany felt.
Hitler despised socialists and feared communist uprisings. Although he crushed trade unions and outlawed strikes, he did take steps to bring the workers and employers closer together. In so doing, he created the __________, an organization intended to demonstrate that class conflict had ended.
The term __________ refers to the union of Germany with Austria following the 1938 German invasion.
In a secret agreement , signed in 1939, the nations of Germany and the Soviet Union agreed to divide __________ between themselves.
The ____________ was a broad set of principles modeled after the Fourteen Points that specified the type of peace Great Britain and the United States sought.
One of the most significant events which brought Germany and Italy closer together in the 1930’s was the civil war in __________.
He was the leader of Hitler’s SS. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union, his plan was to rid the Soviet Union of Slavs through the use of extermination squads.
The League of Nations demonstrated its weakness in its response to Japan’s occupation of __________.
The __________ French government collaborated with the Nazis.
One of the main explanations behind the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact was that Stalin was humiliated by the west when he was excluded from __________.
51. The German invasion of __________ had to be delayed because Italy proved incapable of succeeding in their efforts to control North Africa and Greece, forcing Hitler to send troops.
The Japanese occupation of __________ in 1941 led the United States to increase
57. The Helsinki Accords, agreements on trade, strategic arms reduction…these all represent an effort during the 1970’s between the US and the Soviet Union to reduce tensions. This was known as ________________.
An attack on a U.S. ship in the Gulf of __________________ led to the bombing of North Vietnam.
Stalin enacted a policy of intense tightening of control over subject governments in Eastern Europe following the success of _________________ in freeing his country from Soviet domination.
The founding of _____________ resulted from the British withdrawal from India in 1947.
In the ‘Iron Curtain’ speech, this man warned of the issues caused by a free, democratic west and an East under totalitarian control. He urged for western unity and for the United States to abandon its isolationist tendencies.
The __________ originated from a speech to Congress in which money was being appropriated to help anti-communist forces in Greece and Turkey.
In one of Stalin’s most prolific acts of ensuring Soviet style communism throughout Eastern Europe after WWII, the democratic members and foreign minister of _____________ (name of a country) were expelled or murdered so Stalin could place a pro-Soviet leader in control.
The Berlin Blockade was largely a result of the Western powers issuing a new __________ in their zones of occupation.
__________ was America’s first ever military alliance committed to defend allies outside of the western hemisphere.
Between the world wars, thousands of Jews moved to British-ruled __________ in response to the Balfour Declaration and the long-running Zionist movement.
The intervention of __________ in the Korean War forced American troops south, back to the 38th parallel, finalizing a basic stale-mate to the war.
70. He was the unpopular ‘noncommunist nationalist’ who the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations supported in South Vietnam. His unpopularity led to the rise of the Viet Cong.
Under Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of __________, his primary goal was to revive the Russian economy by restructuring the centralized, restrictive aspects of communism.
Gorbachev’s policy of __________ set in motion the movements of national independence by minorities living in the Soviet Union.
The two most significant leaders of the Soviet Union leading to its’ collapse was Mikhail Gorbachev and __________.
