history QAs

Final (Due on June 13)

• 3 Essay Questions

• Make sure that you use your own words

when answering the questions.

• If you have to use other people’s words to

make a point, make sure you cite them

properly.

• DO NOT PLAGIARIZE. The

consequences can be extremely serious.

Lecture 8 Survival of the CCP and

CCP Shifting Policies

• How to study the history of the CCP? – Recent Debates

• CCP under the United Front

• CCP Congresses (1-5th)

• The Survival of the CCP – Mao Zedong: Analysis of the Classes in Chinese

Society and Autumn Harvest Uprising

– CCP Congresses (6th)

– Comintern Advisors

• The Peasant Problem

Peasant Problems

Mao’s Analysis of the Chinese Society

1. Landlord Class and the Comprador Class: Rightwing KMT

2. The middle Bourgeoisie: nationalist Bourgeoisie

3. The Petty Bourgeoisie: owner peasants, master handicraftsmen, etc.

4. Semi Proletariat

5. Proletariat: 2 million

6. Lumpenproletariat, made up of peasants who have lost their land and handicraftsmen who cannot get work.

Survival of the CCP

• Jinggangshan era 1927-1929

• Jiangxi Soviet era 1929-1934

• The Long March 1934-1935

Lecture 9 Survival of the CCP and

the Long March • Line Struggle vs. Factional Struggle

• Moscow and Chinese Communists

• Jinggangshan era 1927-1929 – Averill’s local history

• Relations to the local community

• Jiangxi Soviet 1929-1934 – Mao Zedong and Li Lisan: What is Lisanism?

– Wang Ming

– Mao’s programs in Jiangxi • Land Policy

• Military Policy

• Social Reform

• The Long March 1934-1935

The Long March

• The Returned Soviets

– Otto Braun

– Bo Gu

– Zhou Enlai (supporting the first two)

• Zun Yi Conference

– Zhang Guotao and West Route Army

and Mao Zedong

Map of the Long March

Lecture 10 War with Japan

• The Puppet State of Manchukuo in 1932

• Students Demonstrated – Choices of the Chinese People

• The Xi’an Incident – New Findings: The Soviet’s Role

• The Full-Scale War – The Marco-polo Bridge Incident

– The Japanese Strategy

– Nanjing Massacre

• The CCP, KMT and the Collaborators

The Puppet State of

Manchukuo in 1932

Head of Manchukuo: Puyi

Class Debate: The KMT, The CCP

and the Collaborators

• YOUR TASK: The job of each group will

be to convince the rest of the class that

your group is best qualified to lead the

Chinese nation.

First Task

• The first task that each group will take up

will be to understand the situation in China

and East Asia at the time specified for the

competition: January 1941.

Second Task

• The second task you will take up is the

policies and political strategies of your

group.

• How are you going to go about convincing

the Chinese people to follow you? How

are you going to compete with, ally with,

attract support from, undermine, or destroy

your competitors?

Chiang Kai-shek

Mao Zedong

Wang Jingwei

Lecture 11 The End of the Sino-Japanese

War, U.S. and China, and the Fall of the

GMD State

• KMT in the War

• The CCP policies: Effects of the CCP policies

• Wartime Diplomacy and U.S. Involvement in

China

– Foreign Aid

– The Cairo Conference

– Yalta Conference Feb 1945

– End of WWII in China

• The Civil War and the Fall of the GMD

CCP in Yan’an

• The Development of Maoism

• Three Thirds Policy

• Universal Suffrage

• 1942 The Rectification Campaign

• 1942 Yan’an Talk on Art and Literature

• CCP version of the traditional baojia mutual-security system

• Effects of the CCP Policies

The Fall of the GMD State

• 6th Party Congress: Chiang Kai-shek facing criticism internally

• GMD – Inflation

– Three Important Battles

Chinese Civil War

Lecture 12 Lecture 12 The First

Seventeen Years of the PRC • Civil War

• The Early 1950s

– Consolidating the CCP Control with Moderate Policies

• State Building of the CCP

– Three Branches: a tripartite State Organization

– The Politburo of the Party: Mao, Liu, Zhou, Zhu, Chen Yun

– The 24 ministries under the State Council

– The 6 military regions

• The Korean War

• Four Campaigns in China

• The Five Year Plan

– Cities

– Countryside

• The Hundred Flowers Movement and Anti-Rightist Movement

General Marshall and Mao in

Yan’an

Korean War

Korean War

– How is this war remembered in U.S and in

China?

– June 25 1950, North Korea invaded South

Korea

– Various Attitudes: Kim Ii-sung, Mao and Stalin

– Who Benefited from the Korean War?

Lecture 13 The Great Leap Forward

and the beginning of the Cultural

Revolution

• The Great Leap Forward

• Struggles within CCP

– Socialist Education Movement

• Sino-Soviet Split

– A Note on the Korean War

• Cultural Revolution (First Stage)

– High Level Politics

Great Leap Forward

• Why Great Leap Forward?

– Mao’s Vision for China’s Economy

– Relation between Agriculture and Industry

– The hukou system

People’s Communes

People's communes would become the new

form of economic and political organization

throughout rural China.

– Size of a People’s Commune?

Chinese propaganda poster

showing larger-than-human melon

China’s Defense Minister Peng

Dehuai

Lecture 14 The Cultural Revolution

• High Level Politics

– Cultural Revolution (First Stage) 66-68

– Red Guard Movement

– Cultural Revolution (Second Stage) 69-76

– Mao Called PLA to stabilize the situation

– Lin Biao’s Downfall

– Moderates Came back

• Cultural Revolution: the Many Dimension

– Ordinary Chinese in the Cultural Revolution

– The Culture in the Cultural Revolution

• Cultural Revolution in Retrospect

– Population

– Health Care

– Education

Bombard the Headquarters/ Mao

Endorsing the Red Guard

Movement

Lin Biao / Gang of the Four

Sent-down Youth in Yunnan

Women in the Cultural Revolution: We can

do what men can do!

Red Detachment of Women

Barefoot Doctors

Lecture 15 China in Transition

(1970s-Early 1980s) • The United States and the Nixon Visit

– The fall of Lin Biao

– Mao’s Concerns

• Defining the Economy 1974-1975 – Struggle between Deng Xiaoping and the Gang of Four

• End of the Cultural Revolution: The Death of Mao – Hua Guofeng and the Arrest of the Gang of Four

• Radical Changes under Deng Xiaoping and the Deng Regime – Third Plenum of the Eleventh Central Committee of CCP: the

Four modernizations

China Winning the Seat

Deng’s Policies

• Domestic Policies: Four Modernizations

• Foreign Policies

– U.S. and China Relations

– Sino-Japanese Relations

– China-Vietnam Policies

Trial of the Gang of Four

The Verdict of Mao and the Cultural

Revolution

• The 1981 official verdict of Mao

• Memories of the CR today

– Problems in the CR memoirs

Lecture 16 China’s Economic Reform and

Its Consequences; China After 1989

• Deng Xiaoping Era: China’s Economic Reform: Do away of Mao’s policies – Open-door policy

– Rural Reform

– Urban Reform

– Family Planning

• Consequences of the Economic Reform – Corruption

– Costal vs. Interior areas

• The Political Protests – The Tiananmen Square Protest of 1989

China’s Economic Reform: Do

away of Mao’s policies

• Open-door policy: Welcome Investment from Foreign Countries

– Special Economic Zones

– 14 other coastal cities

– "open economic regions"

– Results

– impact on the spatial structure and urban

system of China

China’s Economic Reform

• Rural Reform

• Urban Reform

• Consequences of economic growth

– Inequality and tensions

– Corruption

The Tiananmen Protest

• Factors

– Social tensions and Political Frustrations

within China

– Hu Yaobang’s Death

– Gorbachev’s visit and Deng’s Decision

China After 1989

• Nature of the Student Movement in 1989

– Isolation of China after 1989

• Legitimacies of the Communist Leadership

– Economic Growth

– Nationalism

• Difficulties China faces Today

• Lecture Sum-up: The Search for a viable

political system for China

At Last…

Good luck!

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