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shaqi112
chapter_12a.pptxChapter 12 a
Using TCP/IP on the Network
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Objectives
Subnet
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Subnetting
In subnetting, a network is divided into smaller subnets with each subnet having its own subnet address.
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Reasons for Subnetting
Imagine a Network Class A with over 16 millions of hosts or a Class B Network with 65 thousand hosts, it is impractical…
Most IP address assignments were not used very efficiently.
Broadcast problem
Provides some security since access to other subnets is only available through the services of a router.
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Benefits of subnetting
Reduced network traffic
Simplified management
Smaller broadcast domains
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Introduction to Subnetting
Host bits must be reassigned (or “borrowed”) as network bits.
The starting point is always the leftmost host bit.
3 bits borrowed allows 23 or 8 subnets
5 bits borrowed allows 25 32 subnets
12 bits borrowed allows 212 4096 subnets
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Host bits must be reassigned (or “borrowed”) as network bits.
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Establishing the Subnet Mask Address
Determines which part of an IP address is the network field and which part is the host field.
Follow these steps to determine the subnet mask:
1. Express the subnetwork IP address in binary form.
2. Replace the network and subnet portion of the address with all 1s.
3. Replace the host portion of the address with all 0s.
4. Convert the binary expression back to dotted-decimal notation.
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