QUESTIONS, I supply other student answers just rewrite answers, NO WORD COUNT REQUIRED

Student answer

1)The regulation of Chinese labor relations changed since 1980 to provide greater employment protection, especially for workers outside the state sector.  Gradual easing of restrictions led to mass migration from rural to urban areas. Many employees in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) were laid off (27 million between 1998-2002).

a)With a population of 1.3 billion, there’s an uneven rate of economic development between urban and rural areas. Long term government policy has promoted low wages and full time employment. The legacy of state planned economy is embedded in China’s political and economic system. In recent years as SOEs have downsized, skill training and assisting laid-off workers have become major union functions.

b) The unions act as a conveyer belt from party to workers and its main function has been to organize social events, take care of workers welfare, help management implement operational decisions, organize skills training, raise employee morale and coordinate relations between management and workers.

c) Local governments devise their own regulations, based on the central government framework, to suit local conditions. The most problematic aspect of Chinese labor laws is the lack of effective enforcement.

 

1)Yes, the Chinese practices the same workers treatment they do in China when in other countries. Informal workers have no employment contract, can be hired and fired at will, are subject to mistreatment and have no job security. Rural migrant workers and workers in sweatshop manufacturing plants tend to work extensive hours.

2)Unions retain a welfare role in the public sector but have little credibility among private sector workers where their impact is weak. The role of the state continues to be crucial in shaping IR. The government desires to create a more humanistic employment environment but the intended effect of IR laws are not always achieved.

Student answer

(1)

(a) The government foster employment by setting up retraining centers, establishing labor service companies. It introduce a new labor policy named “three in one”

 

(2) The working conditions of third world workers described in China’s silent Army go beyond any human consideration that cannot compare to treatment of rural workers. Such violation of basic human rights contributes to a nations gradual underdevelopment.

(3) In Germany there are basic principles for unionism, the first one being that there should be only one union per enterprise, the second is that unions should not be affiliated with political parties. In UK unions still struggle to establish an influential employee voice. France unionism is characterized by fragmentation, some based on an anarcho-revolutionary program, oppose to USA where unions negotiate collective bargaining but also engage in politics.