Sociology Final Draft need ASAP!!!!!

Assignment

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Introduction

Sociology entails the study of human social behavior and their origin, development, organizations and institutions. This means that the subject is crucial as it uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis that develops a body of knowledge regarding human social actions, social structures and roles. The project reflects how a mother of three young black boys often thinks of their futures in relation to today’s society. That is at least one of them is expected to go to prison at some point in their lifetime, the mother is so saddened. According to the bureau of Justice Statistics, one in three black men in America will spend time in jail in their lifetime. On the other hand, color people make up 30% percent of the United State’ population and accounts for sixty percent of imprisoned characters. The disparity in social justice and characters deter that racial discrimination has a role in justice system across the world (Alexander, 2010). That is, the disproportionate rates of incarceration in communities of color are a direct reflection of racial disparities in the criminal justice system in the United States. Since 1780, the discipline has seen great transformation. In this discourse, we are going to discuss racial disparity in the justice system in the U.S.

Sociology and social injustice

The case is a social case and it fits in the field of sociology since the disparities is directly brought about by race. Positivism principles deter that one should conduct sociology in broad and the same manner as natural science. An emphasis regarding empiricism and scientific means is sought to enhance a tested foundation for sociological research, which is based on supposition that the only authentic knowledge, and that knowledge can only arrive by positive affirmation through scientific methodology. The term has no longer its meaning since there are fewer than twelve distinction epistemologies that reflect positivism. Anti-positivism on the other hand entails reactions against social empiricism that opposes positivism regarding it as uncritical, and determinism. Applerouth & Edles (2008) argues that positivism case is mechanistic. The black community is being discriminated by the white community in the United States because of its race. This is being exhibited inequality exhibited by the criminal justice system. It does make sense that the minority community in the nation will make up the majority number of people in prisons. There must be something wrong, which is eventually leading to this. Either, the blacks are being unfairly arrested and sentenced, or the whites are being favored during sentencing, thus getting simple penalties (Alexander, 2010). It can also be assumed that the resources are unevenly distributed, whereby the blacks are unable to get them in order to sustain themselves. This eventually leads them to crime, thus ending up in prison. This conforms to the conflict theory, which says that the society is composed of groups fighting for the limited resources. In the end, the community with more resources also acquires power, which it uses to control those with little resources. In this case, the white community has a lot of resources, hence power, thus using it to control the blacks, who have very little resources. This has in turn led to the whites being more favored than blacks are.

According to social injustice case in the U.S, variety of positivism remains irrelevant and dominant since sociology today refers to positivism as instrumental positivism. The nature of social facts is replaced by methodology clarity means that are valid. In the new social world, human being seems to follow a concept that is traceable from the traditional world. People tend to link their behaviors to those that were followed in the past. Positivism is synonymous with quantitative research, and so only resembles older positivism in practice. Since it carries no explicit philosophical commitment, its practitioners may not belong to any particular school of thought. A black person “nigga” is seemed to be more anti-American compared to the whites. According to the latest reporting, black people are among the most active generation in the economy of the U.S. despite their personal outlook. The president who whites regard as incumbent is black too; I hope the concept will change at a point.

The racial report deters that black students are easily suspended or given harsh punishments for doing simple mistakes (Alexander, 2010). This is unlike their white counterparts, who receive weak penalties. For instance, when a black student fails to complete his or her assignments, she is usually awarded zero grades. This is not usually the case with the white students, as they have more time to finish the assignments. A good example can be traced in 2006 where two students from different races happened to fight. The white student seriously injured the black student since he was older than he was. When the incident got to the school administration, the black boy was suspended for a month, despite being injured. The white student on the other hand was required to come with his parent the following day. The black student had been blamed for starting the war by the school administration, despite witnesses from their class saying the white student was the one who had started it. In this situation, the school administrators acted according to the social phenomenology theory, as they made their decisions based on the students’ races rather than the situation at hand (Haralambos & Holborn, 2011).

Racial decimation has its roots since slavery days and social concept has changed its meaning. Since the days of slavery and slave trade in the United States, the blacks that they would be viewed in equal terms with the whites. However, things have not turned out that way, as blacks find themselves being discriminated, but in an indirect way (Nelson, 2011). This discrimination has mainly been experienced in the criminal justice system, whereby there are many blacks in prisons. This has in turn affected the blacks, who feel discriminated thus developing resentment towards the authority. This eventually leads them into crime, thus ending up in prison.

Conclusion

Traditionally, the subject employed social stratification, social class, social mobility, religion, secularization, law and deviance. This means that all spheres of human activities are determined by social structure and individual agency. According to the justice system in America, racial disparity seems to rule. The whites created the justice oppressive system when they used black community in slavery moments (Haralambos & Holborn, 2011). The blacks used to work in their farms and had limited freedom. As the case ceased, the whites in time has the mentality that black people have no say in the system especially from the conservative community. This means that sociology has transformed and focuses on health medical, military and penal institution. Technology has also led to expansion of sociology; the internet has changed social activities in the development of scientific knowledge. Qualitative and quantitative attributes has changed. Linguistic and cultural interaction notably in mid-twentieth changed interpretative, hermeneutic, and philosophic approaches to the analysis of society (Alexander, 2010). Since 1780, the discipline has seen great transformation. In this discourse, we are going to discuss racial disparity in the justice system in the U.S.

References

Alexander, M. (2010). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. 4th Edition, New York: New Press.

Appelrouth, S. & Edles, L. (2008). Classical and Contemporary Sociological theory: Text and readings. 3rd Edition, Los Angeles, California: Pine Forge Press.

Haralambos, J. & Holborn, T (2011). Sociology: Themes and perspectives. 6th Edition, New York: Collins Educational.