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2. (10 Points) List at least four properties that characterize a communication channel.

3. (10 Points) What determines the choice of analog or digital signaling?

4. (10 Points) What is the purpose of multiplexing? Briefly explain time division multiplexing. Briefly explain frequency division multiplexing.

5. (10 Points) What is a waveform?

6. (10 Points) Explain the relationship between frequency, period, and wavelength in a sine 
wave.

7. (10 Points) What is the spectrum of a signal? What is the relationship between the spectrum of a signal and the bandwidth of a channel?

8. (10 Points) When attenuation occurs in an analog signal, what hardware device is used to restore the original signal? When attenuation occurs in a digital signal, what hardware device is used to restore the original signal?

9. (10 Points) What is the relationship between the data capacity of a channel and its signal-to-noise ratio?

10. (10 Points) What are the major differences between CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA? Which is used in Wi-Fi wireless networking? What properties of wireless networking necessitate the use of this approach?

11.         (15 Points)  A typical published page consists of approximately forty lines at seventy-five characters per line.

a.       How many published pages of 16-bit Unicode text would fit on a typical 600MB CD-ROM?  

b.      How many published pages of text would fit on a netbook computer with an 80 GB flash memory? 

12.          (10 Points) Describe the steps that occur when a system receives multiple interrupts.

13.         (5 Points) Carefully explain the purpose of a bus interface.

14.         (10 Points) What are the trade-offs in using a serial bus versus a parallel bus to move data from one place to another? 

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