EXAM
Lisa
ch6.pptx
Undernutrition
Who, When, Where?
1
What About Food Production?
See Figure 6.1 and 6.2
Food Production has risen pretty steadily since 1960
Food prices have declined over the same period, but are much more volatile
Is the trend for the future upward?
Compare to Figure 6.1
What about Africa? Are they improving or not?
Food Production in the USA
USA Production of Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans
1961-2005
Wheat 33539010 31211890 35805010 41030780 39263950 44052800 46560780 57886450 55671060 58080580 59642710 65857900 65975010 57361810 55428000 53890000 65222000 59404000 67536000 62567280 53261980 63813910 57105550 Corn 0 102093000 104216900 123458300 119055900 143420700 144041800 148361100 165234500 201383000 206222000 106030000 225453000 181142000 191319000 189866500 160985000 187969000 233867000 239549000 241484900 256904600 280228400 Soybeans 18468000 19028000 2301400 0 26574770 30838990 32008770 42117940 42139730 48097940 61526300 54436000 44518400 57128000 52737010 52350000 54065010 50886000 59174000 73177000 72223000 78671470 66777820 82820050Bushels
Food supplies are going up worldwide, they are rising very little in the USA (since about 1990)
Will they also level off world wide in the future?
We produce enough food to feed everyone in the world
World Hunger Map
Law of the Minimum
Justus von Liebig a German chemist published in 1840
Law of the Minimum states that yield is proportional to the amount of the most limiting nutrient
He was speaking of agricultural production
Does it apply to other things than nutrients and crops?
900,000 Missourians have difficulty obtaining sufficient
food
Even with public and private programs
nearly 420,000 Missourians are food insecure
6 million people in Missouri (2012)
http://cafnr.missouri.edu/news/stories2010/hungry-in-missouri.php
Rural regions often have the highest concentrations
of need in the state
Why is obesity a problem among the poor?
"Even though we spent more than $1.4 billion in 2009
on public programs in Missouri to alleviate food
insecurity, we must work to make every dollar spent
work effectively.”
How much is that per person?
$3,333
From the 1996-1998 period to the 2006-2008,
Food insecurity in Missouri increased from 10.1% to 16%,
while the USA as a whole increased from 11.3% to 12.2%.
Missouri is one of 17 states with an
increasing population that is
food insecure.
Food insecurity and poverty are clearly connected,
Rikoon said. "Poverty is the best single predictor of
food insecurity, and hunger strongly correlates with
lower educational achievement, unemployment and
impaired work performance,“
Seasonality
of
Undernutrition
Linked to the Agricultural Production Cycle
Hunger often follows seasonality in the
production, price and availability of food,
and employment linked to food production
Temperature patterns; rainfall patterns
No Facilities For Food Storage!
No refrigeration
What about storage technology?
Storage pests?
Canning ability?
Cost of Food Has Essentially Doubled
Since 2005, After 30 Years of Decline
Which country has the most
malnutrition varies based
on what is being compared
Calories per person? (Table 6.5)
Percentage of Population? (Table 6.5)
Anthropometric measurements? (Table 6.6)
Infant mortality rate? (Table 6.7)
Low Birth Weight? (Table 6.7)
Page 78 - 80
Table following…
As stated, there are various ways of measuring malnutrition as seen in Tables 6.5, 6.6 and 6.7
I created the following as a compilation of these tables
Pay particular attention to the last column
Might this be a more accurate measure?
Summary Table of Tables 6.5-6.7
| TABLE | |||||||
| 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.7 | |||||
| Angola | Angola | Angola | Angola | 4 | |||
| Armenia | 1 | ||||||
| Bangladesh | Bangladesh | Bangladesh | Bangladesh | 4 | |||
| Benin | 1 | ||||||
| Burkina Faso | Burkina Faso | Burkina Faso | 3 | ||||
| Burundi | Burundi | Burundi | Burundi | Burundi | 5 | ||
| Cambodia | Cambodia | 1 | |||||
| Cameroon | 1 | ||||||
| Cent. African Rep | Cent. African Rep. | Cent. African Rep. | 3 | ||||
| Chad | Chad | Chad | Chad | Chad | 5 | ||
| Comoros | Comoros | 2 | |||||
| Congo | Congo | Congo | Congo | 4 | |||
| Djibouti | 1 | ||||||
| Eritrea | Eritrea | Eritrea | Eritrea | 4 | |||
| Ethiopia | Ethiopia | Ethiopia | Ethiopia | 4 | |||
| Equatorial Guinea | 1 | ||||||
| Gambia | 1 | ||||||
| Gomoros | 1 | ||||||
| Guatemala | 1 | ||||||
| Guinea | 1 | ||||||
| Guinea-Bissau | Guinea Bissau | Guinea Bissau | Guinea Bissau | 4 | |||
| Haiti | Haiti | Haiti | 3 | ||||
| India | India | India | India | 4 | |||
| Kenya | 1 | ||||||
| Laos | Laos | Laos | 1 |
Summary Table of Tables 6.5-6.7
| Liberia | Liberia | Liberia | 3 | ||||
| Madagascar | Madagascar | Madagascar | Madagascar | Madagascar | 5 | ||
| Malawi | 1 | ||||||
| Maldives | Maldives | 2 | |||||
| Mali | Mali | Mali | 3 | ||||
| Mauritania | Mauritania | 2 | |||||
| Mauritius | 1 | ||||||
| Micronesia | 1 | ||||||
| Mongolia | 1 | ||||||
| Mozambique | Mozambique | Mozambique | Mozambique | 4 | |||
| Myanmar | 1 | ||||||
| Nepal | Nepal | Nepal | Nepal | 4 | |||
| Niger | Niger | Niger | 3 | ||||
| Nigeria | 1 | ||||||
| Pakistan | Pakistan | Pakistan | 3 | ||||
| Philippines | 1 | ||||||
| Rwanda | Rwanda | 2 | |||||
| Senegal | 1 | ||||||
| Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone | 4 | |||
| Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka | 2 | |||||
| Sudan | Sudan | 2 | |||||
| Sudan N | Sudan N | 2 |
Summary Table of Tables 6.5-6.7
| Swaziland | 1 | ||||||
| Tajikistan | Tajikistan | 2 | |||||
| Timor-Leste | Timor-Leste | Timor-Leste | 3 | ||||
| Tanzania | Tanzania | 2 | |||||
| Togo | 1 | ||||||
| Trinidad-Tobago | 1 | ||||||
| UAE | 1 | ||||||
| Yemen | Yemen | Yemen | Yemen | Yemen | 5 | ||
| Zambabwe | 1 | ||||||
| Zambia | Zambia | Zambia | Zambia | 4 |
Most Vulnerable?
1st Infants and Children (at weaning time)
2nd Pregnant and lactating mothers
3rd Old women
Varies by culture and location
Example: Dinka People (Wars, Famines)
Women and children not in refuge camps
- girls not fed in favor of brothers
- - boys used to tend cattle herds
In some areas, almost all children under 3 are dead
General Correlations
Malnutrition Factors:
Education level of parents
Family size (larger family, more malnutrition)
Mother’s age
More malnutrition when mother is younger than 20 or older than 30)
“Stressors” that increase risks
Mother has tuberculosis
Mother likes to gamble
Father living with another woman
Father’s work location is not near home
Either parent has AIDS
Regional War
What about World Politics
What do you think of aid to other countries?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ocVj6UWiDI
