For Mathematicsexpert

Unit 1 - Fundamentals of Statistics

Helen Marie Esposito

American InterContinental University

Abstract

In this week’s assignment, the topic of discussion will go into detail about the qualitative and quantitative variables, and displaying the analysis and charts. The topic of discussion will also talk about what the differences are between the qualitative and quantitative variables.

Introduction

This is a study on Job Satisfaction, introduced by the American Intellectual Union (AIU), shouldered by a group of scholars in the United States and worldwide. It is an important aspect among working individuals to have job satisfaction in any type of company and the understanding it delivers to managers and what their perceptions in human behavior can be utilized to reinforce the establishment's bottom line.

Chosen Variables

The two variables that were chosen are Gender and Intrinsic for the following statistical analysis. Gender is a categorical or qualitative variable whereas Intrinsic is a quantitative variable. “Men and women may have different personal expectations and use different comparison groups in arriving at evaluations of their jobs”. (Randy Hodson, 1989)

These two variables were selected order to find out if intrinsic job satisfaction of employees varies between male and female employees within the organization. We have further chosen these two variables in order to see if there exists a definite pattern of the distribution of level of intrinsic job satisfaction among male and female employees.

Most importantly it will measure the central tendencies and the variability and the charts analysis. The total amount of employees measured for this survey was one hundred and ten.

Difference in variable types

The two variables qualitative and quantitative come to mind when it comes to statistics. Random numbers that are created so that an individual can retain the information and keep it conventional is defined as qualitative variables (Editorial Board, 2012). The qualitative variable does not have a numerical superiority other than being a position holder. The numbers are allocated to various statistics like men and women. The measures of central tendencies like mean, median, mode or ways of distribution like variance or standard deviation or the lack of distribution are not appropriate for the categorical variable gender as it involves qualitative data. The only appropriate descriptive statistics involving categorical data is frequency distribution. The data can adapt from various people, and that the numbers you may have may not be identical to the next person (Editorial Board, 2012). Quantitative variables are different than qualitative variables. Quantitative variables have numbers that are used for numeric value. In this case if you were to ask someone’s opinion on a scale of 1 through 5, if they dislike something, the person would be giving you a number based on how much they disliked it. The number that is given from that person would be utilized to create the statistic (Editorial Board, 2013).

Descriptive statistics: Qualitative variable

Explanation of descriptive statistics

The descriptive statistics were obtained for the quantitative variable ‘Intrinsic’.

The descriptive statistics summary table is given as follows:

Intrinsic
Mean	5.32091
Standard Error	0.07991
Median	5.2
Mode	5.2
Standard Deviation	0.83809
Sample Variance	0.7024
Kurtosis	6.44657
Skewness	-1.5063
Range	5.2
Minimum	1.2
Maximum	6.4
Sum	585.3
Count	110

The intrinsic job satisfaction period of personnel were measured 1-7 on the scale. One is equivalent to the level of minimum job satisfaction between personnel and seven 7 is equivalent to the maximum level of job satisfaction. The mean level of intrinsic job satisfaction among the employees was 5.32. The median or middle value of the intrinsic job satisfaction level is 5.2. More than one employee has an intrinsic job satisfaction level of 5.2, as is determined by the method of the amount of information stored. The maximum and minimum intrinsic job satisfaction levels among employees are 6.4 and 1.2 respectively. The variance and the standard deviation for the data are 0.7024 and 0.83809 respectively. The standard deviation is quite large thus indicating considerable amount of dispersion or spread in the levels of intrinsic job satisfaction among the employees.

Descriptive statistics: Quantitative variable

The following histogram depicts the frequency distribution of the levels of intrinsic job satisfaction among the employees:

Explanation of descriptive statistics

From the histogram above, it is evident that most of the employees have high levels of intrinsic job satisfaction. This indicates that most of the employees are well satisfied with their jobs.

Chart/Graph for qualitative variable

The following histogram depicts the frequency distribution of the levels of intrinsic job satisfaction among the male employees:

Description of Chart

From the histogram shown above, it is evident that most of the male employees have high levels of intrinsic job satisfaction. This indicates that most of the male employees are extremely contented with their positions.

Chart/Graph for quantitative variable

Description of Chart

From the above histogram, it is evident that most of the female employees have high levels of intrinsic job satisfaction. This indicates that most of the female employees are well satisfied with their jobs.

Explanation of standard deviation and variance

On analyzing the three histograms it is evident that the frequency distributions of the levels of intrinsic job satisfaction among the male and female employees closely resemble one another and both resemble the frequency distribution of the levels of intrinsic job satisfaction for all the employees within the organization.

Importance of charts and graphs

Graphs and charts are important in transmitting the results in a graphic format thus enabling faster and better understanding of the results of the analysis. Charts and graphs help in effectively conveying the results of an analysis even to those who are not familiar about the subject. They not only depict significant information about the area under discussion but also show how that information compares to other information.

Conclusion

From the analysis that was conducted, we learned that the proportion of male and female employees within the organization is identical. All the employees, males and females, have in general high level of intrinsic job satisfaction within the organization. Moreover, the distribution of the levels of intrinsic job satisfaction is identical among male and female employees.

References

Editorial Board, (2012), retrieved from Elementary Statistics http://wow.coursesmart.com/9781934920657/?CSTenantKey=aiuniv&spid=

Randy Hodson ( 1989). “Gender Differences in Job Satisfaction: Why aren’t women more dissatisfied?” The Sociological Quarterly, Volume 30, Number 3, Pages 385-399. Retrieved from http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/wlsresearch/publications/files/_private/Hodson_Gender.Differences.in.Job.Satisfaction.pdf