TOXICITY UNIT QUESTIONS

Written Responses:

· Unless otherwise indicated, there is a 200 word minimum response required for each question.

· Credible reference materials, including your course textbook(s), may be used to complete the assessment.

UNIT I QUESTIONS

1. What is enterohepatic recirculation, and what is the significance of the process.

2. Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport.

3. Identify a chemical accident you may be familiar with and discuss the toxic substance involved and any actual or potential effects as a result of exposure You may research an accident if needed. An excellent source of material may be found at www.csb.gov.

UNIT 2 QUESTIONS

1. Identify the two major factors that affect the metabolism of toxic substances. Give examples of each and explain how they might affect toxicity.

2. List and provide a brief explanation of the types of Phase I reactions of metabolism of foreign substances.

3. List and provide a brief discussion of the seven categories of toxic responses that a biological system may have.

UNIT 3 QUESTIONS

1. With respect to hydralazine, what is the effect of the HLA type?

2. Hypothesize why individuals who smoke and are exposed to asbestos have a significantly higher rate of asbestosis than individuals who do not smoke and are exposed to asbestos. Support your hypothesis with a reference.

3. Identify a least five prescription or over the counter drugs you may be familiar with at home or in your workplace. What are the routes of exposure? As a result of exposure, did you experience any side effects?

UNIT 5 QUESTIONS

1. Fungicides are sprayed on fruits, trees, vegetables, and seeds where they interfere with fungal growth and development. Hypothesize how this may occur and why consuming fruits and vegetables containing these toxic substances may be of concern. Please give a specific example and support your position with a reference source.

2. Make a list of some food additives found in your home. Review the literature and show their ingredients and adverse effects. Cite at least two reference sources in your response.

3. U.S. companies export pesticides that have been banned or restricted in this country. Should this practice be allowed to continue? Please give a specific answer and support your rationale or logic.

UNIT 6 QUESTIONS

1. Discuss the role of ALAD in lead toxicology.

2. Snakebites are often treated by administering specific “anti-venom”. Explain how “anti-venom” may work.

3. Assume the responsibility of the director of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). List the most important actions for dealing with the problems of (a) air pollution and (b) water pollution. What other actions might you recommend to take other than the ones listed in the textbook? Justify your position.

UNIT 7 QUESTIONS

1. Discuss how you perceive "risk." What toxicological risks do we experience in our daily lives, sometimes without recognition? What are some behaviors that can result in increased risk and how can we take steps to avoid them?

2. In the wake of September 11, 2001 and years to come, discuss the potential threats to the U.S. public health, and safety from a toxicological standpoint. Discuss how your life has changed since this event, if at all, and whether you feel that we are now more or less prepared to manage these potential toxicological threats.

3. Discuss and differentiate between sub chronic toxicity testing and chronic toxicity testing.