PSY_501_Developmental _psychology
Jambo
psy_501_developmental_psychology_2014.rtfPSY 501
Developmental Psychology
Text: Human Development: A Cultural Approach
First Edition, 2012 ISBN-13: 9780205595266
Authorts). Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
Publisher: Pearson
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Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. For most of human history how many children did women typically birth?
a. 1 to 2
b. 4 to 8
c. 10 to 12
d. 13 to 15
2. Which developed country will have the steepest decline in population between now and 2050?
a. the United States
b. Germany
c. Japan
d. Canada
3. __ includes an individual's educational level, income level, and occupational status.
a. Nationality
b. Ethnicity
c. Sociohistorical index
d. Socioeconomic status
4. The Dharmashastras, the sacred law books of the Hindu religion, say that life has __ stages.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
5. Which of the following comprise Freud's theory of personality?
a. id, ego, superego
b. conscious, collective unconscious, subcortical unconscious
c. the self, the shadow, the anima
d. real self, fear self, future self
6. The first step in the scientific method is to __ .
a. collect data to test the hypothesis
b. identify a question of scientific interest
c. form a hypothesis
d. choose a research method and a research design
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7. How many chromosomes from each pair of chromosomes are generally inherited from the father?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
8. The difference between an individual's genotype and its expression in his or her phenotype is a consequence of the person's __ .
a. genes b. DNA
c. environment
d. parents
9. All ova, a female reproductive egg, are __ .
a. X chromosome
b. Y chromosome
c. XY chromosome
d. XX chromosome
10. The embryonic period lasts from the __ to the __ .
a. 1st week; 4th week
b. 3rd week; 8th week
c. 6th week; 16th week
d. 12th week; 32nd week
11. An individual with Down syndrome has how many chromosomes?
a. 45
b. 46
c. 47
d. 48
12. Research conducted in Finland has shown that prenatal malnutrition is a risk factor in what disorder in emerging adulthood?
a. dissociative disorder
b. depression
c. schizophrenia
d. bipolar disorder
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13. The second stage of the birthing process is called __ .
a.
labor
b.
delivery
c.
transition
d.
crowning
14. What occurs during the third and final stage of labor?
a. The amniotic sac ruptures.
b. The fetus's head crowns.
c. The fetus is born.
d. The placenta and umbilical cord are expelled.
15. What is the weight of the average neonate?
a. 6.0 pounds
b. 7.5 pounds
c. 9.0 pounds
d. 10.5 pounds
16. An infant that is born weighing less than 5.5 pounds and before 37 weeks is considered:
a. at risk
b. very small
c. post-mature
d. preterm
17. __ is a reflex that causes milk to be released if a mother hears the cry of her infant, sees an open mouth, or even thinks about breast-feeding.
a. Babinski reflex
b. Let-down reflex
c. Sneeze reflex
d. Feeding time reflex
18. __ is a thick, yellowish liquid that is extremely rich in protein and antibodies that strengthen the neonate's immune system.
a. Epidural
b. Colostrum
c. Lanugo
d. Rh factor
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19. Growth and development in infancy proceeds from the head downward, which is known as the
a. head first, body second principle
b. cephalocaudal principle
c. proximodistal principle
d. top-down principle
20. When do infants usually get their first tooth?
a. between 1 and 2 months
b. between 5 and 9 months
c. between 10 and 12 months
d. between 14 and 16 months
21. Neurotransmitters are
a. the cell body of a neuron
b. a layer of insulation that surrounds axons
c. chemicals that are released into the synapse
d. tiny gaps between neurons
22. According to Piaget, when new information is altered to fit an existing scheme, what has occurred?
a. active processing
b. scheme change
c. accommodation
d. assimilation
23. What happens to an infant's heart rate when a new stimulus is presented?
a. It remains the same.
b. It gradually rises.
c. It gradually decreases.
d. It initially rises and then sharply decreases.
24. Which of the following are Thomas and Chess's (1956) categories of temperament?
a. happy, grumpy, angry
b. calm, excited, agitated
c. passive, aggressive, average
d. easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up
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25. What is the concept that infants use to shape their emotional responses to ambiguous and uncertain situations?
a. social-emotional development
b. social development
c. social imitation
d. social referencing
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Writing Assignment for Unit One
• Include your name, student number, course number, course title and unit number on each page of your writing assignment (this is for your protection in case your materials become separated).
• Begin each writing assignment by identifying the question number you are answering followed by the actual question itself (in bold type).
• Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e., an introduction, middle paragraphs and conclusion).
• Responses must be submitted as a MS Word Document only, typed double-spaced, using a
standard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.
Word count is NOT one of the criteria that is used in assigning points to writing assignments. However, students who are successful in earning the maximum number of points tend to submit writing assignments that fa II in the followi ng ranges:
Undergraduate courses: 350 - 500 words or 1 - 2 pages. Graduate courses: 500 - 750 words or 2 - 3 pages. Doctoral courses: 750 - 1000 words or 4 - 5 pages.
Plagiarism
All work must be free of any form of plagiarism. Put written answers into your own words. Do not simply cut and paste your answers from the I nternet and do not copy your answers from the textbook. Be sure to refer to the course syllabus for more details on plagiarism and proper citation styles.
Please answer ONE of the following:
1. Describe one similarity and one difference in the way that the conception of the life course is outlined in the Dharmashastras, the view of the ancient Greek philosopher, Solon, and the Talmud.
2. Explain how DZ and MZ twins are formed. Include a discussion of ethnic variations and factors that increase the chances of having twins.
3. Describe a technological advance that has made birth safer for the mother and the baby in developed countries. Are there potential drawbacks to consider? Explain.
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Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. According to the World Health Organization, what percentage of children worldwide has diets that are deficient in protein?
a. 10
b. 25
c. 50
d. 75
2. An electroencephalograph (EEG) measures the electrical activity of the __ .
a. brain
b. heart
c. pancreas
d. liver
3. On average, children begin to walk without the support of others around what age?
a. 9 months
b. 11 months
c. 13 months
d. 15 months
4. Interestingly, object permanence is not a uniquely human achievement. Who else can acquire object permanence?
a. chimpanzees at two years of age
b. dogs at one year of age
c. cats at two years of age
d. nearly all reptiles at any age
5. __ is the difference between skills or tasks that children can accomplish alone and those they are capable of performing if guided by an adult or a more competent peer.
a. Self efficacy
b. Animism
c. Zone of proximal development
d. Deferred imitation
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Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. With regard to pubertal development for males, what is the most important androgen?
a. testosterone
b. estradiol
c. androsterone
d. estrogen
2. __ describes a female's first menstruation, whereas __ describes a male's first ejaculation of sperm.
a. Menarche; spermarche
b. Spermarche; menarche
c. Primary menstruation; foremost ejaculation
d. Foremost menstruation; primary ejaculation
3. For girls living in Western societies who have access to proper nutrition and medical care, the menarche can be predicted to occur at the age of __ .
a. 11
b. 11.5
c. 12
d. 12.5
4. Which of the following are four classifications that young people can be grouped into as substance users?
a. experimental, social, medicinal, and addictive
b. medical, pharmacological, social, and experimental
c. pre-addictive, addictive, post addictive, and recovery
d. social, antisocial, asocial, and pre-social
5. Which of the following best describes hypothetical-deductive reasoning?
a. the ability to form stable concepts as well as to think in images and symbols
b. the ability to coordinate the sensation and actions through reflective behaviors
c. the ability to transcend traditional ideas, rules, patterns, and relationships
d. the ability to think scientifically and apply the rigor of the scientific method to cognitive tasks
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6. As described by Piaget, the child who attempts to solve the pendulum task by trial and error is closer to __ stage of cognitive development.
a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational
c. concrete operations
d. formal operations
7. What is the name of memory strategies that adolescents use more frequently than younger ch i Idren that involves organ izi ng information into coherent patterns?
a. learning devices
b. long-term memory devices
c. mnemonic devices
d. virtual memory devices
8. Rates of crime begin rising in the mid-teens. At what age does crime peak?
a. 12 years
b. 14 years
c. 16 years
d. 18 years
9. What are the typical ages for emerging adulthood?
a. 12 to 17 years
b. 18 to 25 years
c. 26 to 30 years
d. 31 to 35 years
10. The time period of emerging adulthood is more likely to be seen in __ .
a. developed countries
b. developing countries
c. collective cultures
d. individualistic cultures
11. In Asia, which of the following is the most cited criterion as a marker of adulthood?
a. financial independence
b. the capacity to support one's parents financially
c. emotional and cognitive maturity
d. behavioral and spiritual maturity
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12. __ involves adapting logical thinking to the practical constraints of real-life situations.
a. Concrete thought
b. Hypothetical and deductive reasoning
c. Pragmatism
d. Reflective judgments
13. __ is an awareness that there are two or more sides to every story, two or more legitimate views of every issue, and that it can be difficult to justify one position as the only true or accurate one.
a. Dualistic thinking
b. Multiple thinking
c. Hypothesis testing
d. Deductive reasoning
14. One hundred years ago __ of young people obtained tertiary education in any industrialized country.
a. less than 10
b. between 20 and 45
c. more than 45
d. almost 100
15. Compared to childhood, self-esteem __ during adolescence, then __ during emerging adulthood.
a. plateaus; declines
b. raises; plateaus
c. declines; rises
d. rises; declines
16. According to the text, limitations on exploration in both love and work are stronger for __ .
a. boys in developed countries
b. girls in developed countries
c. boys in traditional cultures
d. girls in traditional cultures
17. What do young Israelis view as the most important criterion that signals adulthood?
a. completing military service
b. supporting a spouse and child financially
c. being able to support their parents financially
d. emotional self-control
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18. What do emerging adults in India view as the most important criterion that signals adulthood?
a. completing military service
b. supporting a family financially
c. being able to support their parents financially
d. emotional self-control
19. Davis and Davis (2007) asked young Moroccans how they knew they were grown up. What did they emphasize?
a. completion of formal education
b. chronological age or physical development
c. the religious ceremony that marked adulthood
d. marriage
20. For adults, a person with a BMI of over _ is classified as overweight, and a person with a
BMlover is obese.
a. 15; 20
b. 20; 25
c. 25; 30
d. 30; 35
2l. Louis Terman was
a. the developer of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
b. the father of psychoanalysis and the developer of psychoanalytic therapy
c. one of the original developers of the Stanford Binet test
d. the co-author of the book The Origin of Species
22. In what culture is there a common theme that intelligence includes humility, self-knowledge, and freedom from conventional standards of judgment?
a. Chinese
b. Kenyan
c. American
d. Icelandic
23. According to scholars of expertise, how long does it take in most fields to attain expertise?
a. 5 years
b. 10 years
c. 15 years
d. 20 years
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24. Which of the following best describes when dendritic connections between neurons multiply vastly?
a. overproduction
b. sprouting
c. anchoring
d. overstimulization
25. When are novelists the most creative?
a. in their 80s
b. in their 70s
c. in their 50s and 60s
d. in their 30s and 40s
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Writing Assignment for Unit Three
• I nclude your name, student number, course number, course title and unit number on each page of your writing assignment (this is for your protection in case your materials become separated).
• Begin each writing assignment by identifying the question number you are answering followed by the actual question itself (in bold type).
• Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e., an introduction, middle paragraphs and conclusion).
• Responses must be submitted as a MS Word Document only, typed double-spaced, using a
standard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.
Word count is NOT one of the criteria that is used in assigning points to writing assignments. However, students who are successful in earning the maximum number of points tend to submit writing assignments that fall in the following ranges:
Undergraduate courses: 350 - 500 words or 1 - 2 pages. Graduate courses: 500 - 750 words or 2 - 3 pages. Doctoral courses: 750 - 1000 words or 4 - 5 pages.
Plagiarism
All work must be free of any form of plagiarism. Put written answers into your own words. Do not simply cut and paste your answers from the Internet and do not copy your answers from the textbook. Be sure to refer to the course syllabus for more details on plagiarism and proper citation styles.
Please answer ONE of the following:
1. Give an example of how formal operational thinking allow adolescents to become very good at arguing or debating with their parents? Use your own example or outline what an adolescent might say to a parent who told her child to be home by midnight after the prom.
2. Although emerging adulthood is a very healthy time of life for most, there are certainly a number of factors that can undermine health and safety. Drawing upon research, describe at least one of risk factors.
3. According to researchers, why does creativity tend to peak in young adulthood rather than continuing to increase throughout the lifespan?
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Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. For most men of European descent hair turning gray begins in __ , but by __ most people have turned mostly or all gray.
a. late teens; young adulthood
b. young adulthood; middle adulthood
c. late teens; middle adulthood
d. middle adulthood; late adulthood
2. What is a surgical technique that can be used to help those who have difficulties seeing distant objects?
a. lens ablation
b. retinal surgery
c. mono-chromal adjustment
d. Lasik
3. Lasik is a type of surgery that corrects __ .
a. visual problems
b. auditory problems
c. tactile problems
d. olfactory problems
4. In Cattell's theory, fluid intelligence is a __ quality of the nervous system and cannot be trai ned or taught.
a. psychologically based
b. socially based
c. environmentally based
d. biologically based
5. According to the text, the best information on the course of fluid and crystallized intelligence through adulthood comes from the __ .
a. University of Rochester Hepatitis Study
b. Seattle Longitudinal Study
c. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
d. Stroop Test
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6. What is defined as the amount of time it takes and individual to respond to a stimulus?
a. reaction time
b. stimulus discrimination
c. information processi ng
d. target acquisition
7. According to the text, an individual's self-concept tends to be highest during __ .
a. late teens
b. young adulthood
c. middle adulthood
d. late adulthood
8. During the 1930s, which of the following psychologist coined the term midlife crisis?
a. Anna Freud
b. Carl Jung
c. Carl Rogers
d. Ivan Pavlov
9. In what country is there a Respect for the Aged Day, which is a national holiday?
a. the United States
b. Japan
c. the Netherlands
d. Greece
10. What percentage of Americans over 85 are impaired enough in their ADL capacities to be institutionalized in a nursing home or other facility?
a. 10
b. 25
c. 50
d. 80
1l. __ is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise, and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.
a. Primary aging
b. Tertiary aging
c. Lateral agi ng
d. Secondary agi ng
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12. __ is the loss of acuity in the center of the visual field.
a. Glaucoma
b. A cataract
c. Tetanus
d. Macular degeneration
l3. __ is described as the ability to keep track of more than one information source si m u Itaneously.
a. Selective attention
b. Deprived attention
c. Divided attention
d. Sustained attention
14. __ is memory for how to perform tasks or activities involving motor skills, such as playing a musical instrument, typing on a keyboard, or sewing a button.
a. Procedural memory
b. Long-term memory
c. Episodic memory
d. Sensory memory
15. Which of the following brain structures helps to transfer information into the long-term memory system?
a. hippocampus
b. cerebellum
c. frontal lobe
d. reticu lar formation
16. What neurotransmitter, which is especially involved in movement and motor coordination, declines in late adulthood?
a. norepinephrine
b. serotonin
c. dopamine
d. acetylcholine
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17. Until the past century, young men frequently died in __ .
a. motor vehicle accidents
b. industrial accidents
c. farm accidents
d. wars
18. In developed countries __ is/are the leading cause of death for children under age 5.
a. abuse
b. malnutrition
c. infectious diseases
d. accidents
19. Angina pectoris is __ .
a. the degeneration of neural pathways within cerebral cortex
b. a blockage or rupture an artery that supplies the brain
c. severe pain in the chest, neck, and left arm
d. the buildup of plaque on arterial walls
20. Within the United States, rates of death from heart disease are highest among __ Americans and lowest among __ Americans
a. Latinos and Asian; White
b. African; Latinos and Asian
c. White; African and Asian
d. African; Asian and White
21. Most people in developed countries would prefer to die at home; however, according to the text only about __ die at home.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40
22. __ is when the focus of care is to relieve the patient's pain and suffering and provide care in a way that allows the person to die with dignity.
a. Calming care
b. Soothing care
c. Analgesic care
d. Palliative care
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23. What term is used to describe when medication is used to relieve the pain of dying patients even to the point that it causes death?
a. active euthanasia
b. passive euthanasia
c. terminal sedation
d. medication error
24. Death anxiety is __ in emerging adulthood, then __ with age and is lowest in __ adulthood.
a. highest; declines; late
b. lowest; increases; middle
c. highest; declines; middle
d. lowest; increases; early
25. In a survey of 32 countries around the world, which of the following has the greatest degree of skepticism for life after death?
a. Chile
b. Russia
c. the United States
d. the Philippines
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Writing Assignment for Unit Four
• Include your name, student number, course number, course title and unit number on each page of your writing assignment (this is for your protection in case your materials become separated).
• Begin each writing assignment by identifying the question number you are answering followed by the actual question itself (in bold type).
• Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e., an introduction, middle paragraphs and conclusion).
• Responses must be submitted as a MS Word Document only, typed double-spaced, using a
standard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.
Word count is NOT one of the criteria that is used in assigning points to writing assignments. However, students who are successful in earning the maximum number of points tend to submit writing assignments that fall in the following ranges:
Undergraduate courses: 350 - 500 words or 1 - 2 pages. Graduate courses: 500 - 750 words or 2 - 3 pages. Doctoral courses: 750 - 1000 words or 4 - 5 pages.
Plagiarism
All work must be free of any form of plagiarism. Put written answers into your own words. Do not simply cut and paste your answers from the Internet and do not copy your answers from the textbook. Be sure to refer to the course syllabus for more details on plagiarism and proper citation styles.
Please answer ONE of the following:
1. Discuss the main findings of Vaillant's research on the participants he classified as happy-well and sad-sick. Be sure to specify the research design in your response.
2. In which country is there a "New Old People's movement?" Explain the benefits.
3. Descri be one sim i larity in afterl ife bel iefs across religions. Choose two rei igions and give specific examples of their afterlife beliefs.
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