HCA_501_FINAL

36. What is the main factor that determines the level of demand for health services in the US health care delivery system?

a. finances

b. insurance

e. health services

d. none of the above

37. Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle that underlies the concept of insurance?

a. Risk is unpredictable for the individual insured.

b. Risk can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy for a group.

e. Insurance provides a mechanism for transferring risk from the group to the individual.

d. Actual losses are shared on some equitable basis by all member of the insured group.

38. Most Americans obtain health insurance coverage through:

a. individual plans

b. employer-sponsored programs e. self-insurance

d. none of the above.

39. The Medicare program finances medical care for:

a. persons 65 years and older

b. disabled individuals who are entitled to social security benefits e. people who have end-stage renal disease.

d. All of the above

40. Who is eligible for Medicaid?

a. Children and pregnant women whose family income is at or below 133 percent of the Federal Poverty Level.

b. Families with children

e. The elderly

d. none of the above

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72. What factor has been found to be associated with the highest injury-related mortality reate among Indian children?

a. cultural

b. prenatal care

c. social

d. poverty

73. Most medically uninsured adults are employed but are not covered because:

a. their employer does not offer health benefits

b. they do not work enough hours to qualify for health benefits

c. they cannot afford the premium

d. all of the above.

74. Education and psychotherapy for children with HIV is an example of:

a. heatlh-related support services

b. population-based community health services

c. personal medical and preventive services

d. none of the above

75. Who is the principal user of the health care system?

a.men

b. children

c. elderly d.women

76. What is defined as a"high-impact"area?

a. areas with over 3,000 rural health clinics

b. areas that serve at least 4,000 migrant workers for at least two months per year.

c. areas that serve at least 12,000 community members per year

d. none of the above.

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77. Which type of patient is most likely to experience disability and more severe medical illnesses?

a. diabetic

b. cancer

c. depressed

d. elderly

78. All of the following are factors effecting the growth in health spending EXCEPT:

a. uninsured patients

b. hospital services

c. prescription drugs

d. physician services

79. What is partly responsible for the surplus of specialists in the US?

a. greater access to financial aid

b. technology

c. increased population

d. none of the above

80. Defensive medicine leads to:

a. decreased cesarean sections

b. legal risks

C. unnecessary tests and services d. none of the above

81. What was the most sweeping price-control initiative for Medicare?

a. Economic Stabilization Program

b. Balanced Budget Act

c. Omnibus Budge Reconciliation

d. none of the above

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82. What is NOT an implication for access to health and health care delivery?

a. access to medical care is one of the key determinants of health

b. measures of access reflect changes across the board

c. access is increasingly linked to quality of care

d. access is a significant benchmark in assessing effectiveness

83. Which main type of access refers to the type, site, and purpose of health services?

a. potential

b. realized

c. equitable

d. inequitable

84. What do proponents believe regarding clinical practice guidelines?

a. it reduces utilization

b. decreases scientific research

c. it promotes lower costs and better outcomes

d. increases technology

85. When public policy pertains to or influences the pursuit of health they become:

a. health policy

b. population policy

c. prevention policy

d. none of the above

86. A problem associated with government involvement in US Health Is:

a. escalating costs

b. bureaucratic inflexibility

c. excessive regulation

d. all of the above

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93. The greatest challenge in insurance is:

a. maintaining a balance between healthy and sick enrollees

b. maintaining a balance between young and elder enrollees

c. maintaining a balance between premium and nonpreminum enrollees

d. none of the above

94. What is a disadvantage of managed competition?

a. the medical infrastructure fluctuates

b. increased government bureaucracy

c. it cannot gurantee that everyone would have equal access to care

d. all of the above

95. Infectious diseases and health care must be viewed from a _

perspective.

a. cost

b. cultural

c. global

d. multi-faceted

96. What is a strategy used to deal with nurse shortages?

a. investments in training

b. improvement in work environments

c. opening new schools

d. all of the above

97. What approach will be used in order to improve quality and productivity?

a. collaborative team approach

b. collaboration

c. cross-training

d. all of the above

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