doing outline, thesis and working & Bibliography for a research paper.

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Lecture Four:

Steps 3 and 4

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Does one look for facts, or opinions, or both when conducting a literature search?

What is the difference between primary and secondary sources of information?

What Boolean operator may be used to increase search results?

Why does one need to use brackets when using multiple operators in a keyword search statement?

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Library of Congress Subject Headings
Conducting a Subject search on CLUES

Using Subject Headings

Searching for Reference Books: Bibliographies

Searching Other Sources for Books
Step 4: The Working Bibliography

Creating your own library of references in RefWorks

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Standard list of subject headings used in most North American academic library catalogues

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Main Reading Room in the Thomas Jefferson Building in Washington, D.C.

LCSH - abbreviation

Definition: Controlled vocabulary

Usually, at least three LCSH terms are added to each library catalogue record, describing the main subjects covered in the work.

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“A collection of concepts or words arranged according to sense; also (U.S.) a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms.”

“A classified list of terms, esp. key-words, in a particular field, for use in indexing and information retrieval.”

From Oxford English Dictionary Online

http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/200648?redirectedFrom=thesaurus#eid

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Topical

Limits the concept expressed by the main heading to a subtopic

Example: Literacy –- Government Policy

Form

Indicates the form of the material and is added at end

Example: Literacy -- Encyclopedias

Chronological

Limits a heading to a particular time period

Example: Canada -- History -- 1945

Geographic

Limits a heading to a geographic location

Example: Literacy –- England –- History –- To 1500

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http://authorities.loc.gov/

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Search inuit

Subject headings will be the same for all university & college library catalogues
May suggest other subject headings that may be relevant – EXPLORE

Disadvantages: Some headings may be too recent to be listed, or they may not be specific enough for your topic.

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Cannabis evolution and ethnobotany

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Browse the results of your Keyword search, looking in the Subject Heading field of relevant records.

Click on the LCSH to search for other records in the catalogue that have been assigned this heading.

Alternatively, enter the LSCH terms into the advanced search option on CLUES.

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Allows you to browse the subject index

Use Advanced search option
Allows a building block approach whereby a subject search can be combined with a keyword search.
Use Limit options to narrow results

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Perform a Keyword search on your two main concepts.

Browse through the results looking for relevant hits

Then scan the Subject Heading field to look for a relevant subject heading that describes your topic.

Explore the subject heading links.

Browse through your results.

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A list of works on a specific subject or research topic

Listed at the end of a research paper, encyclopedia article, book, scholarly article or thesis

Also published in book form:

Lists works (articles, books, dissertations, reports etc.) on a specific subject

Provides the groundwork for researchers

Sometimes located in the Library’s reference collection

Annotated bibliographies provide evaluative summaries for each entry

Web sites: a list of hypertext links surrounding a common subject or theme

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Bibliographies are useful when conducting research as they provide the groundwork for research on a specific subject or topic. Watch for currency, however.

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How many bibliographies are there in the Concordia Library?

What is the Subject heading that should be used to search for this type of book?

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Conduct a Subject search using your keywords and Bibliography in the subject heading.

Now try Encyclopedias

Now try Dictionaries

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Subject search

Matches on the subject heading field only

Requires the use of the authorized LCSH term

Is a more precise way of searching

Keyword search

Scans the title, notes, contents, series, technical notes and subject heading fields

Uses natural language in the form of keywords

More flexible way of searching

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Concordia provides access to a growing collection of books available in electronic form.

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CLUES homepage – follow Find Books, Articles  Online Reference  Library Catalogues

http://library.concordia.ca/research/internet/otherlibraries.html

When performing a Subject search, use the same subject headings

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Allows you to borrow books from other universities in Quebec and Canada.
Obtain a CREPUQ card at the Circulation desk.

http :// library.concordia.ca/services/circulation/crepuq.html

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Using Inter-library loans

Access Colombo: http://library.concordia.ca/research/ill/

Use when McGill and other local universities do not have an item InterLibrary Loan=ILL

Requires a barcode and PIN

View video: http://library.concordia.ca/help/fyiflix/colombo/colombo.html

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Consult CLUES for material directly related to your research topic

Compare Keyword vs Subject strategies

Number of books retrieved will depend on topic – Limit by date

Consider searching other Library catalogues

Use inter-library loans for material located outside of Concordia

Obtain a CREPUQ card to use to borrow from Quebec University Libraries

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When browsing through the results of your searches, click on the title of potentially relevant items and;

Scan the bibliographic information for each potentially relevant item. Look at the date, the publisher and the description field.

Click on More inside to learn more about the author of the book or to read a book review.

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Select your topic

Develop a preliminary thesis

Conduct a literature search

Create a working bibliography

Evaluate sources

Write the final thesis

Prepare the paper & bibliography

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A preliminary list of sources on your thesis statement

The list will change as sources are added and deleted during the literature search
Arrange alphabetically by author
Do not include tools that were used to locate a source ( e.g. CLUES)
Should be created in RefWorks

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Available to all Concordia students
Used to compile, manage and store citations for your working bibliography

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Ability to receive references directly from your database search
Can manually add records – e.g. for websites
Can sort, search, edit (add notes)
Attach PDFs to reference
Formats references according to citation style
Creates bibliography for you!

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RefWorks

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Marked items from CLUES can be exported to your RefWorks database

Review and edit entries within RefWorks to ensure information is complete and accurate

Has the correct Ref Type been selected (e.g. is a book entry using the Book Ref Type)?

Has information been transferred into the correct field?

Have you manually entered the Source that was used to locate the item (i.e. CLUES), the date you retrieved it, and your personal notes?

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Information to be documented will vary based on the type of reference.

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Step 3 – Library catalogue

Conducting a subject search

Locating bibliographies and other reference material

Step 4 - Working bibliographies

Use RefWorks to store, manage and output citations

Watch accuracy and completeness of information

Output to Word and edit document before printing

Next week: Locating periodical articles

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