Long term Effects of Dieting Research Paper (Stanford Writer)

Your Full NameMarc Williams

Annotated Bibliography

Rasmus, I., Anna-Lisa, I., Mauri, M., Riittakerttu, K., & Kaj, B. (2010). Psychological distress and risk for eating disorders in subgroups of dieters. European Eating Disorders Review, 18(4), 296-303. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=30&sid=239ca877-e72f-4d33-8b13-cd9fb8edaaaa%40sessionmgr14&hid=28

The goal of this study was to predict the predisposition a group of teenage dieters had to develop an eating disorder based mainly on the reason for initiating the diet in the first place. The study was developed in Finland, by Rasmus et al. Rasmus, -who works at the Department of Developmental Psychology, A˚ bo Akademi University, Vasa, Finland- along with his peers relied on their extensive experience in psychology and adolescent psychiatry to accurately analyze the results of this study and provide credibility to their assumptions. Furthermore they utilized a wide variety of studies to support their insight regarding adolescent behavior. The study group involved 81 teenage dieters aged 15 years of age. The prospective study utilized the DMS-IV criteria in order to diagnose for eating disorders with employment of a questionnaire to asses mental health, eating and dieting behavior. Analysis of the data gave as result the division of the teenager into four groups. Vanity dieters that had as a main purpose achieve their desired body weight. Members of this group dieted by eliminating high-fat foods and sweets from their diet. Overweight dieters had as a goal to pursue a diet for health reasons, utilizing a sensible approach that involved exercise. Depressed dieters relied on diet to solve their emotional problems that thought they could resolve by losing weight. The last group involved the Feeling-fat dieters, who could not explain why they pursued a diet rather than having as reasoning the feeling of being fat, despite they were objectively normal. These last two groups were most likely to skip meals, eat little amounts of food, exercise excessively and even purge in order to lose weight and were also fifteen times more prone to develop an eating disorder in the future.

I will use this article in my research in order to prove the causal relationship that exists between dieting and psychological behavior. This source might provide helpful in the third part of my research in which I discuss the negative influence that dieting has not only in the mental health of an individual but also how it can be considered as a trigger for emotional instability and the development of behavioral diseases such as depression and eating disorders.

Bergen, A. (2004). Are Low-Carbohydrate, High-Protein Diets Safe? Clinical Excellence for Nurse Practitioners, Volume 8, Number 3. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=31&sid=6871ddfa-e173-4f6a-9221-f5d59277b9f7%40sessionmgr12&hid=9

This article discusses how the proportional increase in obesity in the last decade pushed a lot of individuals to pursue quick methods to lose weight such as the low carbohydrate-high protein diet. Nonetheless, safety is always a concern when pursuing a diet, and in order to emphasize the long-term effects that a person might suffer when they decide to follow the low-carbohydrate-high protein one. The author Amber Berger, RN, BSN, is a graduate student in the Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is currently working at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center in the Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit. Bergen relies in her own experience as a registered nurse and on established research to validate the points she makes in the article. The health concerns discussed in the article range from the detrimental effect this diet has on the urinary system, to the fact that due to its restrictive nature this diet can result in vitamin, mineral and fiber deficiencies. Furthermore they discuss the risk the high intake of protein comprises, which is mainly a negative effect on the heart which increases cholesterol and hypertension. Although they recognize in the article that high protein diets result in higher weight loss compared to high carbohydrate ones on the short term, they state that there is no scientific evidence that in the long term they will result in more weight loss compared to conventional diets. For that reason the article recommends that until research which evaluates long-term dieting are performed, this diet should not be recommended to people at high risk of complications due its safety concerns.

This article rationalizes the health dangers that may develop from focusing on a specific type of diet. This idea can be utilized in the second part of my research paper to demonstrate how dieting is harmful to an individual in the long run. Furthermore it serves as a rational for the argument that despite the fact that a high protein diet might provide health benefits in the short term by achieving a desired weight loss it does not outweigh the benefits that result from following a healthy lifestyle and exercise.

Schwabe, L. D. (2013, March 22). Fat May Be Bad, But Dieting Can Be Worse. State Journal (WV). p. 20. Retrieved from

http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/ehost/detail?vid=4&sid=49f17e9b-a8e7-4f34-8a83-b50f5f523e6b%40sessionmgr4&hid=19&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=n5h&AN=86441348

This article discusses the life of Lynne Schwabe who has been through many ways of dieting, such as the Atkins diet and the Weight Watchers diet. Also, other diets such as veganism and vegetarianism are talked about. When talking about the Atkins diet, Lynne Scwhabe tells how she suffered through it. This explains how taking away something such as carbohydrates out of a person’s life, could make a damaging mental affect. This leads to people feeling like they are suffering. During the Weight Watchers diet, the article explains how carrying a book is needed to track food which could be a hassle. Not only could tracking the food in a book be a hassle, it would also mean that those who did not follow through with it during the holidays, would be discouraged. Another way dieting is bad is through the dieting of being a vegan and vegetarian. Restricting oneself of certain foods such as protein is what makes a person full. A person on a vegan or vegetarian diet will have harder times finding protein.

This article suggests that different diets restrict different things and have a negative influence on a human’s mind. This article will help me build on my research paper with a person’s point of view through experience. Using an article with a person’s experience brings more than just research to a research paper. This makes a research paper more intriguing when using an example of a person following a specific diet to show how difficult dieting can be. The credibility of this article is from a job degree level mainly due to a person’s experience.

WINDER, V. (2009, February 25). Lose weight without dieting! Taranaki Daily News. p. 014. Retrieved from

http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/ehost/detail?vid=6&sid=49f17e9b-a8e7-4f34-8a83-b50f5f523e6b%40sessionmgr4&hid=19&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=n5h&AN=TNL0902250014114024897-CJ

Reading into this article, explains how losing weight without dieting is not only possible but better. University of Otago researchers discover and reveal how dieting leads to depression, overeating, weight cycling, eating disorders and more. Also, the fight or flight response affects weight gain due to a stressed state the fight or flight response causes. Those who had the best results of weight loss or weight maintenance were women who reported they listened to relaxation CDs for at least twenty minutes a day. The same researchers are still looking into why counting calories does not work.

This article suggests that dieting is not needed to live a healthy lifestyle. This article will be beneficial to my research paper. It will help to explain how stress plays a major part in weight gain and obesity. The explanation of stress and its role in weight gain, will help back up the theory that restricting calories is unhealthy and causes stress to the body. Mainly, this article will help state how people on low calorie diets are more prone to things such as depression and eating disorders which are major causes of weight gain. The credibility the author shows in this article is through college degree work.

O'CONNOR, T. (2008, May 13). Food for thought in diet findings. Nelson Mail, The. p. 07. Retrieved from

http://web.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/ehost/detail?vid=8&sid=49f17e9b-a8e7-4f34-8a83-b50f5f523e6b%40sessionmgr4&hid=19&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=n5h&AN=NEM080513000717054121-AI

In this article, a discussion arises as researchers from Otago University state that diets do not work. Statements published in the American Journal of Health Promotion, revealed that restricting calories and certain food types showed poor outcomes when it came to long-term weight loss. The article confronts how the weight loss industry does not come clean with the truth. Within the weight loss industry, Otago University researchers explain how specific companies such as Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig are some examples of companies that will not take responsibility of any wrong doing. The research study was mainly on females and how they feel unattractive. The argument in this article is that women should feel comfortable in their bodies.

The article suggests that women who are not happy with their bodies who go on diets will most likely have poor outcomes to their health. Although this article generalizes the poor outcomes, it could be useful for my research paper. This article will help to tackle the hidden meaning of how calorie and food restriction is harmful to the body. The credibility of this article is from a college degree level.

This page begins your annotated bibliography. Before you start typing, fix your format. The font should be 12. If you’re using MS Word 2007, go to Paragraph above; the alignment for all text should be left except for the title Annotated Bibliography above, which is centered. Also in Paragraph, go to Line Spacing and click on “double,” and spacing before and after should be 0 pt. In Page Layout, check that the margins are “Normal,” which is 1 inch all around.

Then put your first entry here. Follow correct APA format for a Reference entry, starting with author’s last name or the title of the article. Consult Citation Machine, Noodle Tools, or the textbook Writing Today Chapter 28 for more information about this. See how the first line is flush left; each subsequent line is hanging indented. To do this, highlight the second, third, etc. sentences, and in Paragraph, look for Special; in the drop-down box, click on Hanging, and the indentation should be .5”.

Then start your summary paragraph here. You should have several sentences consisting of the authors’ main points plus other relevant points that relate to your research. The author’s credibility should also be discussed here.

Next, have the connection to research paragraph, which should consist of a few sentences that indicate the connection of this source to your research. Identify the section of your research outline, from I. to VI., where you will be using this source. An example is below:

Clemmitt, M. (2007, July 13). Students under stress. CQ Researcher, 17. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2007071300.

This article discusses the pressure that students face in public schools today. Homework has increased as has stress caused by high-stakes standardized testing. This type of pressure results in less time for children to play, sleep, and interact with their parents. The solution is to limit the time children spend on homework, but given that American students lag behind their international peers in tests of basic subjects, decreasing schoolwork seems not to be the answer. The article provides a balanced view on homework with arguments from experts across the country.

The article indicates that standardized testing discourages teachers, and the pressure to perform on these tests results in teachers transferring the pressure onto their students. This idea can be used in the third section of my research paper, where I argue that these tests reduce schools to test-taking institutions.

The example above has the correct format: the source information goes first, followed by a paragraph for the summary and another paragraph for the connection to research. Be sure you have at least five sources in total for this assignment. Before you turn in the paper, go to Review above and click on “Spelling & Grammar.” Not every error will be flagged, and some that are flagged as errors are actually correct. So this spell checker is not foolproof. Also, check your word count at the bottom left corner of this page. If you have fewer than 500 words, it’s a red flag that not enough information exists. If you go above the suggested word count, that’s OK—as long as you’re concise, not repeating yourself, and including only relevant information. Then SAVE AS . . your last name.first.annotated.bibliography.doc. Put in the Dropbox as an attachment so that if done correctly, a paper icon appears next to the assignment. Be sure when it’s graded to read the comments so that you can improve for your next paper!