psyc reviewTEST 2Human Growth

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Unit II Exam Review

Question 1

Marks: 2

A person who has chosen an occupation without having evaluated her values and options is in which stage of identity status, according to Marcia?

Choose one answer.

	a. Achievement
	b. Diffusion
	c. Foreclosure
	d. Moratorium

Question 2

Marks: 2

A person who has not made a commitment to an occupation or ideology even though she has reexamined her values and choices is which stage of identity status, according to Marcia?

Choose one answer.

	a. Diffusion
	b.Achievement
	c. Foreclosure
	d. Moratorium

Question 3

Marks: 2

According to developmentalists, which of the following most strongly influences length of life expectancy, quality of health, and incidence of chronic illness among adults?

Choose one answer.

	a. Marital status
	b. Religiosity or spirituality
	c. Personal happiness
	d. Social class

Question 4

Marks: 2

According to Erikson, which of the following would cause a person to experience a mid-life crisis?

Choose one answer.

	a. A sense of generativity
	b. An external locus of control
	c. A loss of self-efficacy
	d. A sense of stagnation

Question 5

Marks: 2

According to Piaget, which of the following children is most likely to recognize that intentions are important when making moral judgments about others' behaviors?

Choose one answer.

	a. Dale, who is 6
	b. Marianna, who is 6
	c. Dudley, who is 7
	d. Kirsten, who is 8

Question 6

Marks: 2

According to your textbook, among teenagers, sensation seeking appears to be LEAST associated with which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Automobile accidents and injuries
	b. Tobacco use
	c. Drug use
	d. Alcohol use

Question 7

Marks: 2

During adolescence, boys are more advanced than girls in which of the following aspects of physical development?

Choose one answer.

	a. Attainment of adult height
	b. Joints of the skeletal system
	c. Acquisition of fat tissue
	d. Size of heart and lungs

Question 8

Marks: 2

Grayson told her mother everything that happened at her school dance last night. Grayson was relying on which type of memory?

Choose one answer.

	a.Procedural
	b. Episodic
	c. Implicit
	d. Semantic

Question 9

Marks: 2

How does physical exercise help maintain cognitive abilities in middle age?

Choose one answer.

	a. Because the brain is a muscle - use it or lose it
	b. By decreasing low-density lipoproteins ("bad" cholesterol)
	c. By maintaining cardiovascular fitness
	d. By increasing optimism and life satisfaction

Question 10

Marks: 2

How does the social clock in United States culture affect the age at which women have children in the 21st century?

Choose one answer.

	a. Women are more likely to remain single, but still bear children.
	b. Many believe that people should be socially and economically stable before bringing children into the world.
	c. Many believe that it is even more important to find a husband who is financially stable now than in the 20th century.
	d. The average age at which a woman delivers her first child is now almost 30.

Question 11

Marks: 2

Laws requiring bicyclists to wear helmets are estimated to reduce death rates due to bicycle accidents by as much as ____?

Choose one answer.

	a. 25%
	b. 50%
	c. 75%
	d. 100%

Question 12

Marks: 2

Many potential employers believe that middle-aged workers are less able to learn new computer skills than their young-adult counterparts. This is an example of which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Reality
	b. Compensation
	c. Selective optimization
	d. Ageism

Question 13

Marks: 2

Max has not planned well for retirement. He is now 60 years old and is facing mandatory retirement in 5 - 7 years. He is deep in debt. According to Dychtwald, what type of retiree will Max likely be?

Choose one answer.

	a. Stretched and stressed
	b. Indebted and poor
	c. Anxious and idealistic
	d. Wealth builder

Question 14

Marks: 2

Most people probably begin to have some awareness of their sexual orientation at what point in their lives?

Choose one answer.

	a. Adolescence
	b. Early Childhood
	c. Middle Childhood
	d. Young Adulthood

Question 15

Marks: 2

Piaget, through his fourth stage, believed that adolescence is the time when children's main task is to learn which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. To think abstractly
	b. To use concrete operations in new ways
	c. Choose an adult career
	d. Develop peer relationships

Question 16

Marks: 2

Reading researchers have found that poor readers tend to have the most difficulty with which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Sound-letter combinations
	b. Spelling
	c. Processing speed
	d. Grammar rules

Question 17

Marks: 2

The first stage of Phinney's theory of ethnic identity is

Choose one answer.

	a. a role-oriented ethnic identity.
	b. an unexamined ethnic identity.
	c. ethnic identity search.
	d. the exploration stage.

Question 18

Marks: 2

To help himself remember the colors of the visible spectrum, Cam said, "ROY G BIV," where each color is represented by a letter. This is an example of the use of which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Systematic searching
	b. Inductive reasoning
	c. Mnemonics
	d. Rehearsal

Question 19

Marks: 2

What do statistics say about the household composition of families in the United States?

Choose one answer.

	a. Coupled households are disproportionately headed by men.
	b. Coupled households are still more common among adults than those headed by singles.
	c. Single head of households are becoming less common.
	d. The majority of households are made up of single persons living alone.

Question 20

Marks: 2

What is the average age for the onset of menopause in the United States?

Choose one answer.

	a.40
	b.45
	c. 50
	d.60

Question 21

Marks: 2

What is the term for the trait characterized by a need for order in the environment?

Choose one answer.

	a. Extraversion
	b. Openness
	c. Agreeableness
	d.Conscientiousness

Question 22

Marks: 2

Which of the following theorists is associated with intelligence measurement?

Choose one answer.

	a. Sigmund Freud.
	b. Erik Erikson.
	c. Jean Piaget.
	d. Howard Gardner.

Question 23

Marks: 2

Which of the following terms do developmentalists use to refer to the ability to make efficient use of short-term memory capacity?

Choose one answer.

	a. Developmental processing
	b. Capacity expansion
	c. Processing efficiency
	d. Expanded efficiency

Question 24

Marks: 2

Which of the following terms applies to thinking about how to think?

Choose one answer.

	a. Knowledge
	b. Metacognition
	c. Abstract reasoning
	d. Cognition

Question 25

Marks: 2

Which of the following is a parenting variable that is related to children's development of the capacity for self-regulation?

Choose one answer.

	a. The parents' age
	b. The parents' own ability to self-regulate
	c. The parents' socioeconomic status
	d. Authoritarian parenting

Question 26

Marks: 2

Which of the following refers to children's global self-evaluation, which includes factors such as how well they like themselves or how happy they are?

Choose one answer.

	a. Intrapersonal perception
	b. Self-construct
	c. Self-esteem
	d. Introspection

Question 27

Marks: 2

Which of the following would you likely see in a typical "boundary violation" between children's play groups in middle childhood?

Choose one answer.

	a. A girl will exit her friendship group as a result of a quarrel or hurt feelings.
	b. A child will be accepted into a play and friendship group of children of the other gender for an extended period of time.
	c. Best-friend pairs terminate their friendship bonds and re-form into new groups of friends.
	d. A brief interaction, such as a "chasing game," will cause one gender-segregated group to breach the barrier of the other gender-segregated group.

Question 28

Marks: 2

Which of the following is a major influence in a child's self esteem?

Choose one answer.

	a. The general support the child feels from her parents, peers, and others
	b. The evaluations of teachers and whether they match the child's self-evaluation
	c. Internal characteristics transmitted genetically from the parents
	d. The child's perceived popularity by others

Question 29

Marks: 2

Which of the following statements is true regarding adolescent pregnancy in the U.S.?

Choose one answer.

	a. The number of teen pregnancies continues to rise.
	b. Teen pregnancy statistics only account for those under the age of 16.
	c. The number of unwed teen mothers who eventually wed the babies' fathers has increased over the past four decades.
	d. The number of births to unmarried teens has increased over the past four decades.

Question 30

Marks: 2

Which of the following may create a developmental pathway for adolescent depression?

Choose one answer.

	a. Growing up with a depressed parent
	b. Growing up in a religion that emphasizes traditional gender roles
	c. Growing up in a low socioeconomic status family
	d. Having many siblings

Question 31

Marks: 2

Which of the following factors is likely to contribute to the development of depression among adolescents?

Choose one answer.

	a. Genetic factors
	b. Large family size
	c. Average self-esteem
	d. Family responsibilities and chores

Question 32

Marks: 2

Which of the following statements is true regarding teenagers as they progress through adolescence?

Choose one answer.

	a. Their self-concepts become more concrete.
	b. Their self-concepts are increasingly tied to their physical characteristics.
	c. They increasingly define themselves in terms of enduring traits, beliefs, moral standards, or personal philosophies.
	d. They are increasingly dependent on their parents for their identity.

Question 33

Marks: 2

Which of the following might be an advantage of cultures which have clearly identified rites of passage into adulthood?

Choose one answer.

	a. Teenagers are able to establish a clear transition from childhood to adulthood.
	b. Teenagers are able to take on careers earlier.
	c. Teenagers are encouraged to make career decisions for themselves.
	d. Teenagers are can more easily resolve the crisis of identity confusion.

Question 34

Marks: 2

Which of the following is a risk factor for early dating and higher levels of sexual experience among adolescent girls?

Choose one answer.

	a. Having same-sex parents
	b. Divorced parents
	c. Late puberty
	d. Higher socioeconomic class

Question 35

Marks: 2

Which of the following is unlikely to affect your longevity?

Choose one answer.

	a. Drinking alcohol
	b. Snacking
	c. Sleeping
	d. Exercising

Question 36

Marks: 2

Which of the following causes genital warts?

Choose one answer.

	a. Hupman pailloma virus
	b. Human immunodeficiency virus
	c. Human papistule virus
	d. Herpes virus

Question 37

Marks: 2

Which of the following is a factor that increases susceptibility to infection with sexually transmitted diseases?

Choose one answer.

	a. discussing one's sexual boundaries with one's partner.
	b. multiple sex partners.
	c. discussion of sexually transmitted diseases in high school.
	d. abstinence from use of drugs or alcohol.

Question 38

Marks: 2

Which of the following theories ascribes to the view that sex differences in relationships are adaptations to gender roles that result from external realities such as interactions with others?

Choose one answer.

	a. Evolutionary role theory
	b. Homogamy theory
	c. Gender selection theory
	d. Social role theory

Question 39

Marks: 2

Which of the following is true regarding parenthood?

Choose one answer.

	a. In the U.S. 75% of women aged 18 to 34 have had or expect to have children.
	b. In the U.S. women value parenthood more than men.
	c. In the U.S. the number of men who view parenthood as a life-enriching experience is greater than the number of women who feel this way.
	d. Mothers are more likely than fathers to be emotionally attached to their unborn children during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Question 40

Marks: 2

Which of the following is true in women who have paid employment?

Choose one answer.

	a. They divide the family work equally with their husbands.
	b. They have little conflict or difficulty establishing priorities between work and family responsibilities.
	c. They may have more power and equality in family decision-making than women without paid employment.
	d. They experience sequential family and work roles.

Question 41

Marks: 2

Which of the following factors in unlikely to influences marital satisfaction after the birth of a child?

Choose one answer.

	a. perceptions about the fairness of the division of labor.
	b. degree of support from extended family members.
	c. relative effectiveness of the coping strategies the couple uses to adapt to new roles.
	d. the sex of the child.

Question 42

Marks: 2

Which of the following is one of the hypotheses as to why diabetes has a more devastating effect on minority individuals than on whites?

Choose one answer.

	a. They are likely to contract the disease earlier in life so it has a longer time to adversely affect the body.
	b. They are likely to be in poorer health overall.
	c. They are more likely to contract juvenile diabetes and then develop adult onset diabetes later.
	d. They are less likely to adequately manage their diabetes.

Question 43

Marks: 2

Which of the following is true of cognitive functioning and automobile accidents?

Choose one answer.

	a. Middle-aged adults are more likely to get into an accident because of the lapses in cognition and slower reaction times.
	b. There isn't a statistically significant difference between the accident rates of middle-aged adults and younger adults.
	c. Young adults are more likely to get into an accident because of larger synaptic gaps.
	d. Young adults are more likely to get into an accident because of lapses of judgment and a higher likelihood of drinking alcohol.

Question 44

Marks: 2

Which of the following is an effect commonly observed among adults who experience involuntary unemployment?

Choose one answer.

	a. Heightened levels of anxiety and depression
	b. Evolution of personality traits from conscientiousness and extroversion toward neuroticism
	c. Lower risk of physical illness
	d. Increases in an internal locus of control

Question 45

Marks: 2

Which of the following is the best predictor of burnout in the work place?

Choose one answer.

	a. Working lots of overtime
	b. Feeling as if one's work is not appreciated
	c. Having a poor relationship with one's boss
	d. Poor familial support

Question 46

Marks: 2

Which one of the following questions would be the focus of psychologists who use the information-processing perspective to understand children's cognitive development?

Choose one answer.

	a. How does the efficient use of short-term memory capacity change with age?
	b. How does one child's cognitive ability compare to or differ from the average cognitive abilities of other children of the same age?
	c. What cognitive structures are common to all children?
	d. How do children's developing sensory capabilities and improving motor skills support their cognitive development?

Question 47

Marks: 2

Which two specific changes occur in the immune system beginning in adolescence?

Choose one answer.

	a. Decrease in red blood cell production and white cell production
	b. Shrinking of the thyroid gland and decrease in thyroxine
	c. Shrinking of the thymus gland and production of immature T cells
	d. Gradual loss of gray matter and an increase in white blood cells

Question 48

Marks: 2

Which type of tests are designed to access specific information that is taught, and hopefully learned, at school?

Choose one answer.

	a. Aptitude tests
	b. Intelligence tests
	c. Achievement tests
	d. Cognitive tests

Question 49

Marks: 2

Why do we know so little about normal middle-aged brains?

Choose one answer.

	a. Research has mostly focused more on children's brain functions.
	b. Most research has focused on changes associated with trauma and disease.
	c. Research has generally been focused on the brain functions of the elderly.
	d. Research has always been limited by the availability of research subjects who, in this case, are in their peak working years.

Question 50

Marks: 2

Why is it difficult to accurately determine the level of partner abuse in same-sex couples?

Choose one answer.

	a. Because most same-sex couples are lesbians and women are rarely the perpetrators of abuse.
	b. Because homosexuals may be less likely to seek medical attention for their injuries because of fear of discrimination.
	c. Because the CDC and WHO do not track statistics on same-sex partner abuse.
	d. Because violence rarely happens in same-sex couples.

Question 51

Marks: 2

A child's understanding of the permanence of death correlates with which stage of Piaget's theory?

Choose one answer.

	a. Preoperational
	b. Post-formal
	c. Concrete operations
	d. Formal operations

Question 52

Marks: 2

According to disengagement theory, which of the following is the tendency of people to interact with fewer and fewer people and fill fewer and fewer roles?

Choose one answer.

	a. Acceptance of death
	b. Shrinkage of life space
	c. Isolation
	d. Desocialization

Question 53

Marks: 2

According to Kübler-Ross, what is the purpose of reactions such as denial or bargaining?

Choose one answer.

	a. These reactions are barriers to intrusive social support.
	b. These reactions can be a source of energy or fighting spirit.
	c. These responses are defense mechanisms that aid the person in coping with the reality of impending death.
	d. These responses are a person's private mourning rituals.

Question 54

Marks: 2

According to research, what is the most common effect of activity upon later life?

Choose one answer.

	a. Fatigue and depression from overwhelming roles and responsibilities
	b. Increased mortality because the effects of disabling conditions such as diabetes may be magnified
	c. More rewarding relationships with members of the social support network
	d. Greater life satisfaction and morale

Question 55

Marks: 2

Grandpa Ezra complains that he frequently hears ringing or buzzing sounds in his ears. What is Ezra experiencing?

Choose one answer.

	a. Presbycusis
	b. Auditory hallucinations
	c. Tinnitus
	d. Auditory neuropathy

Question 56

Marks: 2

How are the length of time in the U.S., English language skills, and depression correlated among elderly Chinese and Mexican immigrants?

Choose one answer.

	a. They are not correlated.
	b. They are negatively correlated.
	c. They are positively correlated.
	d. There is a positive correlation among Hispanic immigrants and a negative correlation among Chinese immigrants.

Question 57

Marks: 2

Lowell has just lost his wife to cancer. He dreams of her often and even thinks that he sees her at the grocery store or on the street. He cries frequently. In which stage of grief is Lowell according to Bowlby?

Choose one answer.

	a. Yearning
	b.Awarenes
	c. Shock
	d. Healing

Question 58

Marks: 2

Miss Jennifer is 92. She has become increasing solitary, preferring her "quiet time" to the company of others. She no longer gets out much, and although she does not really seem depressed, her level of involvement with the world has diminished to almost nothing. Miss Jennifer's lifestyle is consistent with the aspect of disengagement theory known as

Choose one answer.

	a. acceptance of these changes.
	b. inactivity and rebellion.
	c. discontinuity.
	d. antisocial personality.

Question 59

Marks: 2

Phyllis' philosophy drives her children crazy when they go out in public together. She says, "I'm old and I can do what I want." Phyllis' lack of respect for conventional rules or expectations is consistent with the aspect of disengagement theory known as which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Asocial thinking
	b. Discontinuity
	c. Increased individuality
	d. Disassociation

Question 60

Marks: 2

Research on the cellular processes involving free radicals suggests that it may be beneficial to eat less of which of the following?

Choose one answer.

	a. Protein
	b. Fat and food additives such as preservatives
	c. Red meat such as beef
	d. Carbohydrates

Question 61

Marks: 2

What causes the loss of "computational power" and the appearance of symptoms of old age to occur?

Choose one answer.

	a. It is age related - beginning when an individual is approximately 60 years old.
	b. When unused or redundant neural pathways are pruned
	c. Significant loss of dendritic interconnectivity
	d. When neuron loss reaches the peak of 25,000 eliminated neurons daily

Question 62

Marks: 2

Which of the following is likely to affect sexual activity in older age?

Choose one answer.

	a. Medications
	b. Increasing testosterone levels
	c. Cultural taboos
	d. Lack of interest

Question 63

Marks: 2

Which of the following is a typical hearing difficulty experienced by older adults?

Choose one answer.

	a. loss of ability to hear low-frequency sounds
	b. Difficulties in word discrimination
	c. Problems hearing when conditions are quiet
	d. Inconsistent amplification of deep or bass-like sounds

Question 64

Marks: 2

Which of the following is true regarding the life expectancies of African and White Americans by age 75?

Choose one answer.

	a. African Americans will live longer than White Americans.
	b. Their life expectancies will be essentially equivalent.
	c. White Americans will live longer than African Americans.
	d. There is not enough data on this age group to know.

Question 65

Marks: 2

Which of the following suggests that all adults retain excellent function until their physical and mental functioning plummets in the few years before death?

Choose one answer.

	a. The spiral hypothesis
	b. The downward trajectory hypothesis
	c. The sundowning factor
	d. The terminal drop hypothesis

Question 66

Marks: 2

Which of the following are a group of neurological disorders that involve memory and thinking -- affecting social, emotional and physical functioning?

Choose one answer.

	a. The deleriums
	b. The dementias
	c. The senescences
	d. The mood disorders

Question 67

Marks: 2

Which of the following describes a move away from family that is aimed at benefiting from a particular feature of the location?

Choose one answer.

	a. Recreational move
	b. Compensatory move
	c. Amenity move
	d. Institutional migration

Question 68

Marks: 2

Which of the following individuals is more likely to remarry after the death of a spouse?

Choose one answer.

	a. Robert, age 69, who has a modest retirement income
	b. Elizabeth, age 72, who has a comfortable retirement pension
	c. Ruth, age 70, who is wealthy and has no children
	d. Laura, age 65, who owns her own home

Question 69

Marks: 2

Which of the following is correct regarding the role of reminiscence in human development?

Choose one answer.

	a. The most important function of reminiscence is preparation for death.
	b. Young adults reminisce less often than middle-aged or older adults.
	c. Young adults use reminiscence for problem-solving.
	d. Structured reminiscence decreases life satisfaction.

Question 70

Marks: 2

Which of the following is unlikely to be a risk factor associated with elder abuse?

Choose one answer.

	a. Mental illness or alcoholism in the abuser
	b. Financial dependency of the abuser on the victim
	c. Significant financial resources controlled by the abuser
	d. Social isolation

Question 71

Marks: 2

Which of the following is another name for a nursing home?

Choose one answer.

	a. Assisted living center
	b. Skilled nursing facility
	c. ADL assistance living
	d. Home-health center

Question 72

Marks: 2

Which of the following is likely to retire earliest?

Choose one answer.

	a. An individual who still has young children at home
	b. An individual who will rely solely on Social Security for support during retirement
	c. An individual in good health
	d. An individual in poor health

Question 73

Marks: 2

Which of the following most accurately characterizes what a child younger than five years of age would understand or believe about death?

Choose one answer.

	a. That death is permanent
	b. That death is reversible
	c. That death is tragic
	d. That death is universal

Question 74

Marks: 2

Which of the following age groups is LEAST likely to make a change in lifestyle in response to a hypothetical impending death?

Choose one answer.

	a. 16 - 20
	b. 20 - 39
	c. 40 - 59
	d. 60+

Question 75

Marks: 2

Which of the following does research suggest is the most difficult death to recover from?

Choose one answer.

	a. The death of a child
	b. The death of a parent
	c. The death of a sibling
	d. The death of a spouse