philosophy

EXAM ONE: PHILOSOPHY  1101: Introduction to Philosophy

 

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I. Examples: State an example of each of the following. (2 points)

a.) explicit contradiction

 

b.) implicit contradiction

 

II. Logical Rule: State the rule for logically negating a categorical proposition. (2 points)

 

 

III. Skills: Logically negate the following categorical propositions. (4 points)

a.)    All dogs are non-lizards.

 

b.)    Some cats are bipeds.

 

c.)    All horses are not brown.

 

d.)    Some lies are not immoral.

 

IV. Definitions: Define the following branches of philosophy. (3 points)

a.)    axiology

 

b.)    epistemology

 

c.)    semeiotics

 

V. Drawing distinctions: Explicate the difference between the following pairs of concepts. (4 points)

a.) knowledge that vs. knowledge why

 

 

 

b.) physical impossibility vs. logical impossibility

 

 

 

VI. Matching: Match the Greek/Latin words to their English meanings. (10 points)

________ 1.) knowledge, systematic knowledge

________ 2.) wisdom, knowledge of first cause and highest principles

________ 3.) axiom, self-evident principles

____A___4.) doing, acting, action

________ 5.) nature, the realm of change

________ 6.) seeing ultimately with the mind’s eye

________ 7.) word, account, ratio, proportion, reason, definition, argument

________ 8.) reduced to absurdity

________ 9.) logic

________ 10.) a more general class of things

 

 

A. praxis           B. genus          C. sophia         D. Reductio ad Absurdum         E. axioma          F. logos   G. episteme       H. species       I. theoria          J. phusis          K. semeion      L. analytica

 

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VII. Consider a compound proposition of the form Both all S are P and some S are not P.

 

a.)    Can a proposition of this form ever be true? (1 point)

 

b.)    Justify your answer in a.); argue why/why not. (4 points)

 

 

 

        Consider the proposition Some trees are plants.

 

a.)    Is this proposition true? (1 point)

 

b.)    Justify your answer in a.); argue why/why not. (3 points)

 

 

 

State the Principle of Excluded Middle. (1 point)

 

 

 

VIII. Aristotle’s philosophy: Answer the following questions.

a.)    Explicate why Aristotle says that the Principle of Non-Contradiction is “the principle of all principles.” (3 points)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

b.)    Explicate (make the meaning clear) of Aristotle’s thesis that metaphysics (the science of being) presupposes  logic (analytics) [Metaphysics1005b4-5]. (5 points)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IX. Application of Argument of Reductio ad Absurdum: Use a Reductio ad Absurdum Argument to prove that not every rule has an exception? (7 points)