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Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.04]Diana observed that the plants in her garden were not growing well due to poor soil conditions. She tested the soil and used the soil triangle shown below to conclude that if sand is added to the soil, it will become balanced with 33% sand, 33% clay, and 33% silt. Which of these was most likely the original type of soil on Diana's garden?

clay loam

medium loam

silty clay loam

sandy clay loam

Question 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.02]The diagram below shows a portion of the rock cycle. At what location in the diagram is sandstone most likely formed?

Location A

Location B

Location E

Location D

Question 3 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.01]The pictures below show four natural processes. Which of these are examples of processes which form minerals?

volcanic eruption and freezing of ocean

shifting of tectonic plates and photosynthesis

shifting of tectonic plates and freezing of ocean

volcanic eruption and shifting of tectonic plates

Question 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.04]The picture below shows a soil texture triangle. A soil sample contains 40 percent sand, 30 percent clay, and 30 percent silt. What type of soil is present in the sample?

clay

clay loam

silty loam

silty clay loam

Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.02]The steps in the formation of sedimentary rocks are listed below in an incorrect order. 1. Rocks are weathered. 2. The sediments are compacted together. 3. They are deposited in layers. 4. Small pieces of rocks are carried by water. Which of these best shows the correct order of steps in the formation of sedimentary rocks?

4, 1, 2, 3

4, 3, 1, 2

1, 4, 3, 2

1, 3, 4, 2

Question 6 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.03]Two students, Student 1 and Student 2, did a hands-on mining exercise with cookies to compare the total cost of mining in two different land areas using different equipment. The table below shows the costs of land, equipment, mining, and reclamation for the two students.

Students	Cost of land	Cost of equipment	Cost of mining and reclamation	Time taken to mine the area
1	$5	$2	$2.00 per minute	5 minutes
2	$4	$5	$2.00 per minute	6 minutes

What is the difference in the total mining costs for Student 1 and Student 2?

$4.00

$6.00

$7.00

$9.00

Question 7 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.03]The picture below shows uneven land surfaces created by limestone mining in Florida. Uneven land surfaces created by limestone mining can cause transportation problems in the location. Which of these is the best plan to solve this problem?

water the mining area regularly

reduce the use of heavy machinery in the mining area

choose other uninhabited locations for limestone mining

make reclamation mandatory after limestone has been removed

Question 8 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.01] Minerals are generally

solids

liquids

gases

plasmas

Question 9 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.02]One student made the incomplete diagram shown below to represent the relationship between igneous rocks, sediments, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks. Which of these is the correct next step to complete the diagram?

Put an arrow labeled cools and crystallizes, pointing from igneous rocks to sediments.

Put an arrow labeled cools and crystallizes, pointing from sedimentary rocks to sediments.

Put an arrow labeled heat and pressure, pointing from igneous rocks to metamorphic rocks.

Put an arrow labeled heat and pressure, pointing from metamorphic rocks to sedimentary rocks.

Question 10 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.01]The chart below shows the major types of minerals mined in the United States and Australia.

Country	Major types of minerals
United States	coal, iron, silver, copper, oil
Australia	iron, oil, uranium, silver, lead, zinc, bauxite, coal, copper, gold

Based on the chart, which of these statements is correct?

Almost 4/5 of the major types of minerals found in Australia are not found in the United States.

Almost 4/5 of the major types of minerals found in the United States are not found in Australia.

Almost 50% of the major types of minerals found in the United States are not found in Australia.

Almost 50% of the major types of minerals found in Australia are not found in the United States.

Question 11 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.01] The pictures below show a bottle made of plastic and a block made of concrete. Which of these statements is correct about plastic and concrete?

Both plastic and concrete are minerals because they are natural, solid materials.

Both plastic and concrete are not minerals because they are made by humans.

Plastic is a mineral because it has a definite crystal structure but concrete is not a mineral because it is organic.

Plastic is not a mineral because it is not formed under the ground but concrete is a mineral because it has a definite composition.

Question 12 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.04]The picture below shows a soil texture triangle. David plans to grow corn on his farm. Corn grows best in clay loam soil. Which of these is the most likely soil sample that David would select to grow corn?

sample containing 30 percent sand, 35 percent clay, and 35 percent silt

sample containing 25 percent sand, 15 percent clay, and 60 percent silt

sample containing 40 percent sand, 15 percent clay, and 45 percent silt

sample containing 55 percent sand, 30 percent clay, and 15 percent silt

Question 13 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.02]The diagram below shows a portion of the concept map for the Rock Cycle. What step could occur between igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks on a concept map of the rock cycle? Which of these would best fit in the empty oval?

lithification

sedimentation

cool and crystallize

heat and pressure

Question 14 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.02]Sedimentary rocks are formed due to the

cooling of magma

weathering of rocks

changes in pressure

changes in temperature

Question 15 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.01] This picture shows a plumbing pipe. image of a plumbing pipe What mineral is most likely used to make the plumbing pipe?

talc

zinc

quartz

copper

Question 16 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.03]The table below shows the number of fatalities in a coal mine in the United States from 1945 to 1985.

Years	Number of fatalities
1945	9
1955	8
1965	9
1975	2
1985	1

Based on the table, which of these is the most likely time period when the coal mine enforced the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act to help coal miners?

between 1945 and 1955

between 1955 and 1965

between 1965 and 1975

between 1975 and 1985

Question 17 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

[RM.03]Coal is a fossil fuel which is used to produce electricity. Which of these statements best describes an outcome of coal mining on the region around the mines?

It gets abundant electricity.

It becomes rich in minerals.

Its groundwater is contaminated.

Its rivers and streams become dry.

Question 18 (Essay Worth 4 points)

[RM.02]The law of conservation of matter states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. How is the law of conservation of matter applied to rocks and other materials? In your own words, explain with the help of an appropriate model.

Question 19 (Essay Worth 4 points)

[RM.03]The mining of phosphate on an island has stripped away soil and vegetation and forced people to import food. In your own words, suggest a method to solve this problem and explain how it would help to solve human, economic, and environmental issues associated with phosphate mining.

Question 20 (Essay Worth 4 points)

[RM.03]One student uses a flat toothpick as a mining equipment in a cookie mining lab. In your own words, explain how changing mining techniques or tools in a cookie mining lab could have both pros and cons and apply it to the real world.

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