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Historical Perspective and Overview

Cost of Accidents

  • Overall cost of accidents in the U.S. is approximately $150 Billion.
  • Costs include lost wages, medical expenses, insurance administration, fire related loses, motor vehicle property damage, and indirect costs.

Accident Costs by Accident Types

  • Motor Vehicle accidents $72
  • Workplace accidents $48
  • Home accidents $18
  • Public accidents $12

  • (in billions, in a typical year)

Accident Costs by Categories

  • Wages lost $37
  • Medical expenses $24
  • Insurance administration $29
  • Property damage (motor vehicle) $27
  • Fire losses $10
  • Indirect losses $23
  • (in billions, in a typical year)

Accidental Deaths in the U.S.

  • Motor vehicle accidents - leading cause of accidental deaths (Approx 47,000).
  • Falls - (Approx 13,000).
  • Poisoning - liquids & solids; gasses and vapors (Approx 6,000 & 1,000).
  • Drowning - work-related & non-work related (Approx 5,000).

Accidental Deaths in the U.S.

  • Fire-related injures - burns, asphyxiation, falls, and falling objects (Approx 4,000).
  • Suffocation (ingested object) - typically food (Approx 4,000).
  • Firearms - recreational activities (Approx 2,000).

Accidental Deaths in the U.S.

  • Others - medical complications arising out of mistakes made by health care professionals, air transport injures, machinery related, and the impact of falling objects (over 14,000).

Accident Versus Other Causes

  • Although there are more deaths every year from heart disease, cancer, and strokes than from accidents, these causes tend to be concentrated among people at or near retirement age.
  • Among people 37 years of age or younger, accidents are the number one cause of death.

Accident Versus Other Causes

  • Accidents 27,500
  • Cancer 20,300
  • Motor vehicle 16,500
  • Heart disease 16,000
  • Poison (solid, liquid) 2,700

Accident Versus Other Causes

  • Drowning 1,500
  • Falls 1,100
  • Fire related 900
  • (ages 25 to 44 years)

Accident Versus Other Causes

  • Accidents represent a serious detriment to productivity, quality, and competitiveness in today’s workplace.
  • Yet accidents are the one cause of death and injury that companies can most easily control.

Work Accident Costs & Rates

  • Workplace accidents cost employers millions every year.
  • Work accident rates in this century are evidence of the success of the safety movement.
  • Between 1912 & 1998, accidental work deaths per 100,000 population were reduced by 81%.

Work Accident Costs & Rates

  • In 1912, an estimated 18,000 to 21,000 workers’ lives were lost.
  • In 1998, in a workforce, more than triple in size and producing 11 times the goods and services, their were approximately 10,000 work deaths.

Work Injures by Type of Accident

  • Overexertion
  • Impact accidents
  • Falls
  • Bodily reaction (to chemicals)
  • Compression
  • Motor vehicle accidents
  • Exposure to radiation or caustics
  • Rubbing or abrasions
  • Exposure to extreme temperatures

Work Injures by Type of Accident

  • Overexertion, the result of employees working beyond their physical limits, is the leading cause of work injures (approximately 31%).
  • Impact accidents involve a worker being struck by or against an object.

Parts of the Body Injured

  • Back
  • Legs and fingers
  • Arms and multiple parts of the body
  • Trunk
  • Hands
  • Eyes, head, and feet
  • Neck, toes, and body systems

Parts of the Body Injured

  • The back is the most frequently injured part of the body.
  • This is why some employers require a back x-ray as part of an employment physical.

Repetitive Strain/Soft-Tissue Injures

  • Repetitive strain injury (RSI) broad and generic term.
  • Trauma to the soft tissues of the body, including tendons, tendon sheaths, muscles, ligaments, joints and nerves.
  • Typically associated with the soft tissues of the hands, arms, neck, and shoulders.

Repetitive Strain/Soft-Tissue Injures

  • Carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most widely known repetitive strain injury.
  • The carpel tunnel is the area inside the wrist through which the median nerve passes.
  • Typically caused by repeated and cumulative stress on the median nerve.

Repetitive Strain/Soft-Tissue Injures

  • Symptoms of CTS include numbness, a tingling sensation, and pain in the fingers, hand, and/or wrist.
  • Evidence suggests a higher incidence of CTS among women than men.
  • CTS is relatively rare among RSI patients.

Cost of Accidents

  • One method divides the costs into insured and uninsured costs.
  • Insured costs are revealed by examining the the accounting records.
  • Uninsured costs can be found by calculating accidents in four classes.

Cost of Accidents

  • Other cost methods look at broad categories, lost work hours, medical costs, insurance premiums and administration, property damage, fire loses, and indirect costs.
  • Some professionals use the iceberg analogy - the larger part of the actual cost is hidden beneath the surface.

Global Impact of Accidents & Injures

  • Many developing countries lack a safety and health infrastructure.
  • Occupational injures in developing countries are more prevalent in mining, construction, and agriculture.
  • More than half of the retirements are taken early because of work-related disabilities rather than normal retirement.