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Organizations and information systems

. Organization

- Formal collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals

- A system

- Constantly uses money, people, materials, machines, and other equipment, data, information, and decisions

. Value chain

· Series(chain) of activities that includes inbound logistics and warehouse and storage

. Supply chain management (SCM)

· Determines:

· What supplies are required for value chain

· What quantities are needed to meet customer demand

· How supplies should be processed into finished goods and services

· How shipment of supplies and products to customer should be scheduled, monitored, and controlled

. Customer relationship management (CRM) programs

· Help companies manage all aspects of customer encounters

· Can help a company collect customer data, contact customers, and educate them about new products

. Organizational structure

· Organizational subunits and the way they relate to the overall organization

. Categories of organizational structure

· - traditional

· - project

· - team

· - virtual

Traditional organizational structure

· Hierarchical structure

· Major department heads report to a president or top-level manager

· Flat organizational structure

(-empowers employees at lower levels)

· Empowerment

- gives employees and their managers more responsibility and authority to make decisions

Project and Team Organizational Structures

. Project organizational structure

· Centered on major products or services

· Many project teams are temporary

. Team organizational structure

· Centered on work teams or groups

· Team can be temporary or permanent, depending on tasks

Virtual Organizational Structure and Collaborative Work

. Virtual organizational structure

· Employs business units in geographically dispersed areas

· People may never meet face to face

· Allows collaborative work

. Managers and employees can effectively work in groups even those composed of members from around the world

Organizational culture and change

. Organizational culture

· Major understandings and assumptions

· Influences information systems

. Organizational change

· How organizations plan for, implement, and handle change

. Change model

· Represents change theories by identifying phases of change and the best way to implement them

. Unfreezing

· Ceasing old habits and creating a climate that is receptive to change

. Moving

· Learning new work methods, behaviors, and systems

. Refreezing

· Involves reinforcing changes to make the new process second nature, accepted, and part of the job

Reengineering and continuous improvement

. Reengineering

· Process redesign

· radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results

. Continuous improvement

· Constantly seeking ways to improve business processes

User Satisfaction and Technology Acceptance

. Technology acceptance model (TAM)

· Specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about the information system

. Technology diffusion

· Measure of how widely technology is spread throughout and organization

. Technology infusion

· Extent to which technology permeates a department