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Question 1

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 According to Choice Theory, delinquents engage in criminal behavior because:




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· they are suffering from an identity crisis

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· they learn the behavior from their peers

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· the succumb to peer pressure

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· they think their actions are economically or emotionally profitable

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5 points  

Question 2

· 
 Routine Activities Theory includes all of the following except:




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· absence of suitable targets

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· availability of suitable targets

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· absence of capable guardians

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· presence of motivated offenders

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5 points  

Question 3

· 
 The purpose of punishment under general deterrence is to send a message to the rest of society. 
 


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True 
False 



5 points  

Question 4

· 
  Cesare Lombroso is credited as the father of criminology because:




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· He was the first person to write about crime


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· He was the first person to show a correlation between criminal behavior and biological factors


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· He was the first to use the scientific method to study crime

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· He was the first person to challenge Cesare Beccaria


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5 points  

Question 5

· 
 Which theory attributes criminal behavior to genetic traits and environmental influences?




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· positivism

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· classical

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· biosocial

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· psychodynamic

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5 points  

Question 6

· 
 Positivists believe crime is a function of personal traits and physical or mental conditions.



True 
False 



5 points  

Question 7

· 
 According to Sheldon, which body type was closely related to criminal and/or delinquent behavior?




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· mesomorphs

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· mectomorphs

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· endomorphs

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· ectomorphs

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5 points  

Question 8

· 
 In psychodynamic theory, Freud claimed that the personality was made up of three important parts.  Which one if the following is not one of them?




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· super ego

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· superior ego

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· ego

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· ID

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5 points  

Question 9

· 
  According to social learning theory, behavior is a result of learned social experiences.



True 
False 



5 points  

Question 10

· 
  Relative deprivation occurs when poor and wealthy neighborhoods are far away from one another.



True 
False 



5 points  

Question 11

· 
 Edwin Sutherland is the creator of the Theory of Differential Association.



True 
False 



5 points  

Question 12

· 
 Labeling Theory is concerned with the societal response to the delinquent act.



True 
False 



5 points  

Question 13

· 
 According to Shaw and McKay delinquency is produced by:




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· learning processes in small intimate groups


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· rational and informed decisions

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· transitional neighborhoods

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· opportunity

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5 points  

Question 14

· 
 Merton spoke about all of the following as adaptations to strain except:




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· retreat

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· rebellion

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· routine

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· ritual

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5 points  

Question 15

· 
  Robert Agnew examined three sources of strain. The death of a loved one would be characterized under which group? 




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· Strain caused by a failure to achieve positively valued goals


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· Strain as the removal of positively valued stimuli


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· Strain as the presence of negative stimuli


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·       Strain as the removal of negatively valued stimuli

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5 points  

Question 16

· 
 "She was responsible for her own rape.  Why else would she go back to his hotel room alone at such a late hour?”  According to Skyes and Matza, this is an example of:




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· denial of responsibility


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· denial of injury

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· condemnation of the condemners

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· denial of the victim

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5 points  

Question 17

· 
 Hirschi’s social bond/control theory includes all of the following except:




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· attachment

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· interconnectedness

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· involvement

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· belief

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5 points  

Question 18

· 
 According to the conflict view, crime is a function of:




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· class

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· learning

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· socialization

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· fear

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5 points  

Question 19

· 
 Walter Miller is one of authors responsible for Neutralization Theory.


True 
False 



5 points  

Question 20


 Fraternal twins have more of the same behavior characteristics than identical twins


True 
False