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psy -(.rtfd/TXT.rtf

Assignment: Psy 370 Ch. 16 Assignment

1. It has been proposed that in the DMS-V, discussion on the concept of autism MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.will be removed from the text.

1__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.will remain unchanged.

2__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.will be replaced with a broader category referred to as "conduct disorders of autistic type" and will drop references to linguistic problems.

3__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.be discussed as a single category of "autism spectrum disorders" rather than a list that includes numerous subcategories.

2. The "DSM" in DSM-IV refers to the 4__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Direct Services Method of Psychological Intervention

5__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Diagram of Severe Mental Illnesses

6__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Doctor's Scientific/Psychological Medical Guide

7__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

3. In the diathesis-stress model, the term diathesis refers to a(n) 8__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.social norm.

9__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.genetic or personality-based predisposition toward vulnerability.

10__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.anxiety-producing environmental event.

11__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.state of calm.

4. According to the diathesis-stress model, psychopathology results when 12__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.a stressful event triggers an already existing vulnerability or predisposition.

13__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.the id develops.

14__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.a gene that is programmed to activate at a certain point during the lifespan "turns on" without any trigger.

15__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.a mentally healthy person takes a psychoactive drug.

5. An imbalance in _____ appears to play a role in the acquisition of major depressive disorder. 16__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.corpus callosum activity

17__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.dopamine levels

18__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.serotonin levels

19__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.beta-amyloids

6. Echolalia is best described as 20__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.a lack of organized speech.

21__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.parroting what someone else is saying.

22__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.saying socially inappropriate things.

23__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.not speaking at all.

7. Under which DSM-IV category would you find autism spectrum disorders? 24__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Personality disorders

25__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Adjustment disorders

26__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Pervasive developmental disorders

27__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Dissociative disorders

8. On the DSM-IV, Asperger syndrome would be found under the label "_____ disorders." 28__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.anxiety

29__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.autism spectrum

30__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.personality

31__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.somatoform

9. Winne has good verbal skills and is highly intelligent, but has social relationship skills typical of an autistic child. Given this description, Winnie is most likely to be diagnosed with _____ syndrome. 32__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Down

33__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Kleinfelter

34__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Turner

35__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Asperger

10. A now retracted article by Wakefield and others claimed that autism is caused by 36__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.the MMR vaccine.

37__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.baby formula fortified with iron.

38__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.excessive infantile exposure to television and computer screens.

39__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.lead poisoning.

11. What key evidence has emerged to disprove the myth that thimerosal (a mercury-based preservative) is responsible for autism? 40__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.The incidence of autism has decreased significantly, but only in females who are immune the impact of thimerosal.

41__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.As the amount of thimerosal in baby food has increased, the incidence of autism has decreased.

42__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.The incidence of autism has climbed after thimerosal was removed from the MMR vaccine.

43__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Historically, no children with autism ever came into direct contact with thimerosal.

12. The most likely reason for the increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders is that 44__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.in the 1990s, Asperger syndrome was removed from the DSM-IV.

45__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.in the 1990s, autism was removed from the U.S. list of disabilities eligible for special education services.

46__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.there is now a broader definition for what used to be just autism.

47__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.the rise has corresponded with the significant increase in the number of infants born with HIV.

13. What behavior would an infant display that would lead a competent doctor to accurately suspect the child is autistic? 48__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Excessive levels of joint attention

49__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Failure to respond to human voices

50__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.An obsession with playing peek-a-boo and other social games

51__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Showing a clear preference for human over nonhuman stimuli

14. Which statement concerning the intellectual abilities of autistic individuals is most accurate? 52__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.The vast majority of autistics are mildly to severely mentally retarded.

53__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Autistic individuals tend to score lower higher on nonverbal than verbal measures of intelligence.

54__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.More than half of children with autism score above 71 on IQ tests.

55__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.The description of some individuals with autism as "savants" with special abilities in a given area (e.g., quickly calculating the days of the week corresponding to dates on a calendar) is a myth.

15. All of the following are currently legitimate suspected causes of autism except 56__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.lack of a theory of mind.

57__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.genetic defect.

58__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.a lack of executive functions.

59__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.cold, rigid parenting.

16. Concerning genetic explanations of autism, 60__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.there is clear evidence that autism is solely due to the presence of a third 21st chromosome.

61__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.the genes involved appear to cause a rapid deceleration of head and brain development over the course of the first three years after birth.

62__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.at this point there is no evidence of any genetic basis of the disorder.

63__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.many genes have been implicated including some that appear to have been copied too many times.

17. Which brain areas have been implicated as a possible cause of the behavioral problems found in individuals with autism? 64__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.The hypothalamus and temporal cortex

65__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.The hippocampus and parietal cortex

66__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.The amygdala and frontal cortex

67__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.The thalamus and the occipital cortex

18. Mirror neurons 68__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.generate multiple copies of themselves, and each copy leads to an increase in dopamine levels.

69__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.are very fragile, and when they "die," they produce excessive levels of neuritic plaque.

70__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.only fire when they are stimulated by other mirror neurons.

71__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.allow us to relate the feelings of others to our own experiences.

19. Executive functions are thought to take place in the _____ cortex of the brain. 72__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.prefrontal

73__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.parietal

74__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.temporal

75__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.occipital

20. According to the executive dysfunction hypothesis, autistic behavior is the result of a brain that is 76__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.unable to plan and change one's course of actions.

77__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.overrun with mirror neurons.

78__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.too small.

79__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.lacking Broca's area.

21. Baron-Cohen has recently suggested that the extreme _____ hypothesis may explain the cause of Asperger syndrome. 80__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.executive dysfunction

81__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.central coherence

82__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.male brain

83__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.theory-of-mind

22. According to the extreme male brain theory of autism, the key problem with individuals with autism is that they 84__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.are too empathetic and try too hard to keep the world orderly.

85__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.are too empathetic and do not attempt to keep the world orderly.

86__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.lack empathy and try too hard to keep the world orderly.

87__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.lack empathy and do not attempt to keep the world orderly.

23. Recent research has shown that the nasal administration of _____ appears to improve social information and understanding in high-functioning individuals with autism. 88__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.oxytocin

89__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.thimerosal

90__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.beta-amyloid

91__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.antihistamines

24. Which statement concerning the long-term prognosis for autistic children is true? 92__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Intensive behavior modification programs have been shown to increase levels of aggressiveness and self-stimulation.

93__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Most autistics achieve a normal level of functioning when they reach adulthood.

94__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Most can be improved significantly through drug treatment.

95__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.The best interventions involve intensive and highly structured behavioral and educational programs aimed at young children.

25. Ivar Lovaas conducted pioneering research on children with autism in which he was able to use _____ to significantly improve their language and social skills. 96__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.mirror therapy

97__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.psychoactive medications

98__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.psychoanalysis

99__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.reinforcement principles

26. The most accurate statement concerning the use of behavioral and cognitive interventions with children with autism is that they 100__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.typically lead to significant improvements in all children, regardless of their age or level of intellect.

101__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.can lead to significant gains, especially in older children who do have significant intellectual disabilities.

102__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.can lead to significant gains, especially in young children who do not have severe intellectual disabilities.

103__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.are virtually worthless at changing behaviors.

27. Which is the best example of a somatic symptom in a depressed infant? 104__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Failure to develop an attachment to the primary caregiver

105__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.The lack of language

106__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.A disrupted sleep pattern

107__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.The lack of interest in playing with a toy

28. Failure to thrive in otherwise healthy infants is usually 108__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.so severe that it cannot be undone.

109__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.attributed to perinatal complications.

110__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.misdiagnosed as autism.

111__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.the result of having unaffectionate or depressed caregivers.

29. Depression is most rare in 112__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.middle adulthood.

113__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.young adulthood.

114__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.adolescence.

115__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.childhood.

30. By definition, all individuals who are classified with comorbidity 116__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.are extremely close to death.

117__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.possess two psychological conditions at the same time.

118__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.have been negatively impacted by both genetic and environmental factors.

119__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.cannot control their impulses.

31. Children who have a depressive disorder 120__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.differ from adolescents and adults with depression, because children never attempt suicide while the older age groups often do.

121__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.often have problems with depression as adolescents and adults.

122__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.are easy to identify because they frequently talk about their negative feelings.

123__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.seldom respond well to any form of psychotherapy.

32. Research has shown that _____ treatments tend to be the most effective when treating depression in children. 124__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.drug

125__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.parental intervention

126__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.cognitive behavioral

127__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.psychoanalytic

33. Many antidepressant drugs like Prozac are selective _____ reuptake inhibitors. 128__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.norepinephrine

129__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.dopamine

130__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.serotonin

131__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.GABA

34. In 2004, the United States government issued a warning concerning the use of some antidepressant drugs and the possible increased risk of ____ in adolescence. 132__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.birth defects

133__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.suicide

134__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.addiction

135__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.pregnancy

35. Which is true with regard to psychological "health" during adolescence? 136__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Few adolescents who are psychologically disturbed were maladjusted before they reached puberty.

137__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Adolescents are far more likely than adults to experience some sort of psychological disturbance.

138__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Most adolescents suffer at some point from some sort of significant psychological disturbance.

139__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Adolescence is a time of heightened vulnerability for some forms of psychological disorders.

36. Which statement concerning adolescence is true? 140__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Few adolescents engage in delinquent or risky behavior during this period of life.

141__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Adolescents have little difficulty with self-regulatory behaviors.

142__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Most adolescents cope remarkably well with the challenges of this period of life.

143__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Most adolescents experience serious psychopathology during this period of life.

37. Anorexia nervosa literally means "nervous loss of _____." 144__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.appetite

145__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.control

146__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.mind

147__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.weight

38. Gwen has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Which of the following characteristics would she be least likely to possess? 148__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.The use of laxatives or self-vomiting to purge food

149__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.A refusal to maintain body weight in spite of being in an emaciated state

150__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.A feeling of being fat

151__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.A tendency to consume huge quantities of foods in a single sitting

39. According to statistics, who is most likely to commit suicide? 152__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Jackson, a 25-year-old black male

153__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.George, an 18-year-old black male

154__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Washington, an 80-year-old white male

155__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Andrew, a 45-year-old white male

40. Which of the following is true with regard to adolescent suicide? 156__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.More males than females attempt and are successful at committing suicide.

157__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.More females attempt suicide, but more males are successful at committing suicide.

158__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.More females than males attempt and are successful at committing suicide.

159__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.More males attempt suicide, but more females are successful at committing suicide.

41. According to statistics, what characteristic puts a teenage at the greatest risk for committing suicide? 160__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Lving in poverty

161__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Being a victim of physical abuse

162__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.A homosexual orientation

163__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.A history of behavioral problems

42. Why is depression difficult to diagnose in older adults? 164__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.There are no diagnostic criteria for diagnosing depression in the elderly.

165__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.As nearly all older depressed individuals commit suicide, there are few depressed individuals left to diagnose.

166__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Many of the diagnostic symptoms are similar to normal losses associated with aging.

167__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Normal cognitive loss associated with aging makes it hard for older people to answer questions about their mental state.

43. Which statement concerning psychopathology in adulthood is true? 168__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.A major challenge in treating older individuals with depression is getting them to seek treatment.

169__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.The elderly are highly likely to be overdiagnosed with depression.

170__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Treatments for depression in adulthood are highly ineffective.

171__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Depression symptoms in older adulthood are so different from young adulthood that different DSM criteria are used in its detection.

44. Dementia is best defined as 172__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.an inevitable, normal change in the brain with age.

173__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.a sudden loss of memory and intelligence.

174__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.a one-time period of significant disorientation.

175__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.a progressive loss of neural functioning.

45. What is the most common form of dementia? 176__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Down syndrome

177__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Parkinson's disease

178__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Alzheimer's disease

179__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Vascular dementia

46. What brain change is best associated with Alzheimer's disease? 180__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Excessive quantities of the metal mercury

181__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Neurofibrillary bundles surrounding alpha-amyloid

182__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Senile plaque

183__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Excessive levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine

47. Beta-amyloids are found 184__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.in large quantity in individuals with vascular dementia.

185__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.to contribute significantly to the development of anorexia nervosa.

186__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.only in clinically depressed individuals.

187__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.at the core of senile plaques.

48. Alzheimer's disease is best described as 188__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.nonprogressive and incurable.

189__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.progressive and incurable.

190__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.progressive and curable.

191__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.nonprogressive and curable.

49. The first sign of Alzheimer's disease is typically 192__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.trouble remembering recently learned verbal material.

193__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.difficulty on recognition tasks.

194__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.a loss of language skills.

195__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.personality changes.

50. A gene segment on the _____ chromosome has been implicated as a likely cause of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. 196__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.24th

197__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.19th

198__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.9th

199__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.14th

51. How does the ApoE4 gene appear to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease? 200__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.By making the brain more susceptible to damage from a blow to the head

201__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.By decreasing blood flow to the prefrontal lobe

202__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Through the creation of new synapses within the brain

203__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Through an increased buildup of beta-amyloid

52. The extra "brain power" that individuals can sometimes rely on when disease begins to take a toll on their brain functioning is referred to as 204__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.mirroring neurons.

205__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.ruminative coping.

206__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.cognitive reserve.

207__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.reversed roles.

53. Drugs like Aricept and Namenda that are currently used to treat Alzheimer's disease tend to 208__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.positively impact cognitive functioning, reduce behavioral problems and slow the progression of the disease.

209__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.positively impact behavioral problems but have little impact on cognitive functioning.

210__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.positively impact cognitive functioning and reduce behavioral problems but do not slow the progression of the disease.

211__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.have little measureable impact on behavioral or cognitive abilities.

54. Current treatments being investigated for Alzheimer's disease include 212__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.drugs to enhance the production of beta-amyloids.

213__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.injections of Leva-dopa to replace levels of dopamine in the brain.

214__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.antioxidants like vitamin E and C.

215__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.use of stimulants like methylphenidate.

55. What is the second most common type of dementia? 216__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.vascular dementia

217__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Parkinson's disease

218__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Down syndrome

219__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Alzheimer's disease

56. It appears as if the same lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of _____ also increase the risk for vascular dementia. 220__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Asperger syndrome

221__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.cerebrovascualr disease

222__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.ADHD

223__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.respiratory failure

57. Vascular dementia 224__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.is a slowly progressive deterioration of memory and thinking skills.

225__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.results from a series of small strokes, each adding rather quickly to the observed deterioration.

226__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.has a very powerful genetic basis.

227__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.results from taking medications or having a poor diet and can be reversed when these problems are corrected.

58. A key difference between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia is that vascular dementia is more strongly 228__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.associated with delirium.

229__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.influenced by lifestyle choices.

230__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.influenced by genetic factors.

231__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.associated with dementia.

59. Delirium is best defined as 232__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.a normal part of the aging process.

233__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.incurable.

234__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.another term for dementia.

235__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.a reversible state of confusion and disorientation.

60. Due to their mental slowness, elderly adults who are _____ are frequently misdiagnosed with delirium. 236__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.depressed

237__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.autistic

238__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.ADHD

239__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.mentally retarded

Assignment: Psy 370 Ch. 8 Memory Student: JooYeon Yoo Take Details

1. Correct answer: d Your answer: In the information-processing model, the purpose of the sensory register is to MC_circle16x16_x_cut.gif ¬a.retrieve data from short-term memory.

240__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.control the activities of long-term memory.

241__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.develop strategies for storing encoded data.

242__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.briefly hold a piece of information for possible processing.

2. Correct answer: b Your answer: Information typically stays in _____ for the briefest amount of time. 243__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.short-term memory

244__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.sensory register

1__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_x_cut.gif ¬c.long-term memory

245__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.working memory

3. Correct answer: c Your answer: Which is the best description of a typical short-term memory? 246__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Fairly long duration (minutes) and small capacity (seven or so items)

247__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Fairly brief duration (seconds) and large capacity (seventy or so items)

MC_circle16x16_checked_cut.gif ¬c.Fairly brief duration (seconds) and small capacity (seven or so items)

248__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Fairly long duration (minutes) and large capacity (seventy or so items)

4. Correct answer: a Your answer: Ethel looks up the phone number of a gas station and remembers it just long enough to walk over to the telephone and dial. When she is dialing, the information is contained in her 249__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.short-term memory.

2__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_x_cut.gif ¬b.metamemory.

250__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.sensory register.

251__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.long-term memory.

5. Correct answer: a Your answer: The main distinction between short-term memory and working memory is that working memory is 252__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.actively processed.

253__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.unconscious.

254__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.sensory based.

255__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.larger.

6. Correct answer: d Your answer: Information is stored in _____ memory for a relatively permanent period of time. 256__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.working

257__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.sensory

258__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.short-term

259__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.long-term

7. Correct answer: b Your answer: Which statement concerning memory is true? 260__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Short-term memory has a much larger storage capacity than long-term memory.

261__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Working-term memory provides a temporary space for processing information.

262__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Long-term memory appears not to exist until around age two years.

263__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.The sensory register is located in long-term memory.

8. Correct answer: a Your answer: Cognitive theorists suggest that the most likely order of the process of memory when information is being processed for the first time would be 264__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.encoding, consolidation, storage, retrieval.

265__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.retrieval, encoding, consolidation, storage.

266__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.consolidation, storage, encoding, retrieval.

267__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.storage, retrieval, encoding, consolidation.

9. Correct answer: d Your answer: Encoding is best described as the process of 268__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.cued recall.

269__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.uncued recall.

270__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.taking information out of the system.

271__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.putting information into the system.

10. Correct answer: a Your answer: The process during which information is organized into a form suitable for long-term storage is called 272__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.consolidation.

273__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.recognition.

274__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.utilization.

275__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.retrieval.

11. Correct answer: b Your answer: When information is taken out of long-term memory, it is being 276__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.scripted.

277__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.retrieved.

278__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.stored.

279__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.encoded.

12. Correct answer: d Your answer: On a recognition task, a person 280__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.is not presented with the correct answer but is given a hint.

281__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.is neither presented with the correct answer nor given a hint.

282__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.must generate the answer completely on his or her own.

283__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.is presented with a list of alternatives that includes the correct answer.

13. Correct answer: a Your answer: On a pure recall memory task, 284__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.no memory cues/aids are presented.

285__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.a correct answer is presented by itself.

286__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.a few hints are presented.

287__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.a correct answer is presented along with a few distracters.

14. Correct answer: d Your answer: On a(n) ____ memory task, a person trying to remember some information is given a hint but not the entire answer. 288__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.implicit

289__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.recall

290__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.episodic

291__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.cued-recall

15. Correct answer: c Your answer: A memory that occurs without any conscious effort is best referred to as 292__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.scripted.

293__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.autobiographical.

294__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.implicit.

295__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.explicit.

16. Correct answer: a Your answer: An explicit memory 296__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.is deliberately recalled.

297__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.always has a sexual overtone.

298__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.occurs only after a hint has been given.

299__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.involves recalling behaviors but not ideas.

17. Correct answer: b Your answer: Implicit memory is to explicit memory as 300__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.retrieval is to storage.

301__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.unintentional is to deliberate.

302__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.cued it to uncued.

303__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.effort is to automatic.

18. Correct answer: a Your answer: Semantic memories are for 304__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.general facts.

305__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.early childhood experiences.

306__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.specific events.

307__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.how to perform an action.

19. Correct answer: b Your answer: _____ memories always involve personal experiences. 308__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Procedural

309__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Episodic

310__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Cued-recall

311__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Implicit

20. Correct answer: a Your answer: Which is the best example of an episodic memory? 312__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Recalling your 21st birthday party

313__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Recalling the words to the song "Happy Birthday"

314__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Naming four kinds of ice cream

315__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Remembering how to light a candle

21. Correct answer: b Your answer: The fact that some forms of amnesia destroy explicit memory but not implicit memory indicates that 316__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.long-term memory lacks organization.

317__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.these forms of memory operate independently.

318__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.implicit memory is learned and explicit is innate.

319__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.explicit memory develops earlier than implicit memory.

22. Correct answer: c Your answer: Research has indicated that procedural memory is mediated by the straitum. This means that 320__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.language plays a significant role in the development of memory.

321__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.memory requires cognitive effort.

322__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.the brain is involved in processing memory.

323__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.only information that is attended to is recalled.

23. Correct answer: d Your answer: Carlos has experienced significant damage to his hippocampus (an area located in the medial temporal lobe). How would this most likely impact his memory? 324__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.He would not be able to recall events from his childhood.

325__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.He would not be able to recall who he is.

326__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.He could recall past events but not past factual information.

327__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.He would have trouble creating new episodic memories.

24. Correct answer: b Your answer: Which statement concerning memory is true? 328__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Implicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines, while explicit memory capacity peaks in childhood then declines.

329__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Explicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines, while implicit memory capacity is constant across the lifespan.

330__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Implicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines, while explicit memory capacity is constant across the lifespan.

331__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Explicit memory increases in capacity from infancy through adulthood then declines, while implicit memory capacity peaks in childhood then declines.

25. Correct answer: b Your answer: Habituation is best described as learning 332__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.a reflex.

333__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.not to respond.

334__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.in reaction to reinforcement.

335__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.a new response.

26. Correct answer: c Your answer: Haynes, Rovee-Collier (1997) research on infant memory involved recording kicking behavior when a ribbon was tied to the infant's foot, demonstrating that young children have _____ memory. 336__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.elaborative

337__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.repressed

338__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.recall

339__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.implicit

27. Correct answer: c Your answer: The research study of infant memory involving a ribbon tied to an infant's foot relied heavily on _____ conditioning techniques. 340__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.classical

341__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.social-learning-theory

342__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.operant

343__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.humanistic

28. Correct answer: c Your answer: Older children can learn faster and remember more than younger children because older children typically show a significant increase in 344__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.the capacity of long-term memory.

345__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.the size of their sensory register.

346__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.working-memory space available for constructive use.

347__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.childhood amnesia.

29. Correct answer: b Your answer: Case suggests that a preschooler's tendency to center (as described by Piaget) is likely related to limited _____ memory size. 348__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.implicit

349__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.working

350__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.long-term

351__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.sensory

30. Correct answer: b Your answer: Which best describes the memory strategy of rehearsal? 352__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Take original information, expand on it, and make connections to existing memories.

353__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Repeat to self over and over.

354__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.See it and be it.

355__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Organize into meaningful categories, then memorize.

31. Correct answer: c Your answer: Which memory strategy is being used when a long number is memorized by breaking it into manageable subunits each containing three digits? 356__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Rehearsal

357__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Implicit memory

358__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Chunking

359__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Method of loci

32. Correct answer: c Your answer: Which best describes the memory strategy of organization? 360__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Take original information, expand on it, and make connections to existing memories.

361__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Repeat to self over and over.

362__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Classify into meaningful categories, then memorize.

363__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.See it and be it.

33. Correct answer: c Your answer: The best example of elaboration is 364__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.consolidating "red" and "green" into a color group and "chair" and "table" into a furniture group.

365__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.seeing the color red but perceiving the color green.

366__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.noting that the red chair and the green piano remind you of last year's Christmas party.

367__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.repeating "red, chair, dog" several times.

34. Correct answer: d Your answer: Wayne has trouble remembering the last four digits of his new phone number (4422) until he makes the connection that the last two digits are exactly half of the first two digits. Once he makes this connection, he has no trouble remembering the number! This best demonstrates the memory concept of 368__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.rehearsal.

369__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.organization.

370__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.chunking.

371__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.elaboration.

35. Correct answer: c Your answer: Which is NOT an example of metamemory? 372__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Knowing which memory strategies are most effective for you

373__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Knowing which memorization tasks are most difficult for you

374__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Knowing the difference between metaphysics and meta-analysis

375__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Being able to plan and control your memory processes as you learn

36. Correct answer: c Your answer: Metamemory awareness is most likely to be displayed in young children 376__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.who have never been in situations in which they had to remember something and they are facing a task that they find irrelevant.

377__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.who have often been in situations in which they had to remember something and they are facing a task that they find irrelevant.

378__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.who have often been in situations in which they had to remember something and they are facing a task that they find relevant.

379__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.who have never been in situations in which they had to remember something and they are facing a task that they find relevant.

37. Correct answer: c Your answer: A person's knowledge base is defined as 380__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.the difference between what he or she knows and what he or she can acquire with guided participation.

381__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.unconscious awareness of an event.

382__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.how much the person knows about a topic.

383__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.the rate at which he or she can solve a task.

38. Correct answer: d Your answer: An autobiographical memory is a memory for 384__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.other people's lives.

385__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.historical events that occurred before your conception.

386__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.future possible events in one's life.

387__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.past personal experiences.

39. Correct answer: c Your answer: As a typical college student, research indicates that Hanna would be most likely toshift her focus to _____ if she suddenly found herself pressed for time when studying for an exam. 388__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.another subject

389__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.the most difficult material

390__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.the easiest material

391__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.friends

40. Correct answer: d Your answer: If information fails to be encoded it is _____ to remember. 392__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.easy

393__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.very difficult

394__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.a little difficult

395__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.impossible

41. Correct answer: c Your answer: Research on autobiographical memory in adulthood has shown that the more _____ an event, the better it will later be recalled. 396__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.distant

397__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.emotional

398__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.unique

399__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.negative

42. Correct answer: c Your answer: _____ events tend to have the greatest likelihood of being recalled after the event. 400__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Only positive emotional

401__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Non-emotional

402__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Both positive and negative emotional

403__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Only negative emotional

43. Correct answer: d Your answer: Which statement concerning individuals with mild cognitive impairment is FALSE? 404__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.They will display deficits in other cognitive areas

405__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.They will have difficulty learning

406__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.They will be forgetful

407__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.They will show all the symptoms of dementia

44. Correct answer: a Your answer: With which of the following tasks would older adults have the LEAST problem? 408__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.A memory task where they can use well-practiced memory strategies

409__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.A timed memory task

410__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.A task where they are asked to recall rather than recognize names

411__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.A memory task where the material is unfamiliar

45. Correct answer: c Your answer: Which statement concerning memory strategies and basic processing capacities with age is true? 412__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Memory problems in adulthood are more likely the result of original encoding and not retrieval.

413__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Holding negative stereotypes concerning memory ability actually leads to improved memory abilities in older adulthood.

414__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Limitations in working memory in older adulthood may be due to the slowing of the nervous system.

415__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Verbal knowledge begins to show a steep decline beginning around age 50.

46. Correct answer: b Your answer: Limitations in working memory in older adulthood appear to be most directly related to reduced functioning of the _____ system. 416__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.visual

417__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.nervous

418__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.pulmonary

419__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.auditory

47. Correct answer: d Your answer: The most accurate summation of declines in information-processing skills in older adults is that they are 420__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.both inevitable and universal.

421__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.inevitable but not universal.

422__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.universal but not inevitable.

423__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.neither inevitable nor universal.

48. Correct answer: c Your answer: On which type of problem-solving task would the performance of a middle-aged adult be superior to that of a young adult? 424__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.On unfamiliar, meaningless laboratory tasks

425__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.On unfamiliar, but meaningful tasks

426__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.On familiar and meaningful tasks

427__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Middle-aged problem-solvers never out-perform younger adults

49. Correct answer: b Your answer: On an everyday problem such as what to do if you cannot pay your electric bill, _____ tend to out-perform other groups. 428__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.teenagers

429__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.middle-aged adults

430__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.young adults

431__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.elderly adults

50. Correct answer: a Your answer: Which process would best be described as "holding information"? 432__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬a.Storage

433__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬b.Retrieval

434__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬c.Perception

435__#$!@%!#__MC_circle16x16_cut.gif ¬d.Encoding