History 4 Essays
m.blouseiy4
peace-1.pptxConsequences of the War in the 20th and 21st Centuries
Readings: Smith, et al., 904-913, 972-973, 1012-1014, 1045-1048
Versailles Treaty
Really five separate treaties but can think of them as Versailles Treaty
Two approaches:
Woodrow Wilson
Georges Clemenceau (French Premier)
Woodrow Wilson’s Approach
Fourteen Points
Guide to future peace
Open covenants of peace; openly arrived at
“National Self-Determination”
League of Nations
“The Peace to End All War”
Georges Clemenceau’s Approach
Punish Germany
Blamed Germany for the war
Disarm Germany
Demilitarize the Rhineland
Create buffer states in Eastern Europe
Make Germany pay for the war (“war reparations”)
Results of the Versailles Conference
Wilson got the League of Nations (but neither Germany nor USSR were in it)—US Senate vetoed entire Versailles Treaty.
Punish Germany:
Germany blamed for war
No Army
Alsace-Lorraine to France
Rhineland demilitarized
No Armaments Industry
Germany pays for War and Reparations (5 billion +)
National Self-Determination
Eastern Europe
Austria-Hungary is dismantled
Austria becomes small country
Czechoslovakia
Yugoslavia
Poland
Treaty of Trianon
Hungary becomes a very small state, losing much territory and a majority of the Hungarians
Romania (including large populations of Hungarians)
Prize: Ottoman Empire
England, France, Russia and Other Powers Seek Gains in Middle East
Gallipoli
Armenian Genocide
The Husayn-McMahon Agreement, 1915
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Middle East After Settlements
British Role:
Arab Revolts (Lawrence of Arabia)
Balfour Declaration
French Role:
Got Involved in Palestinian struggles to prevent British from getting all Middle East as new colonies
The Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916
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Treaty of Sevres, August 10, 1920
Mandates (another name for colonies to please President Wilson)
Jordon—mandate to British
Palestine—to British
Syria and Lebanon—French
Hijaz (Arab) independent
Attaturk and Turkish Nationalism
The Palestine Mandate
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Poster Urging Jews to Settle in Palestine
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Exodus
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UN Partition Plan of 1947
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David Ben Gurion Announcing the Birth of Israel
Young Israelis
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Palestine Refugee Camp, 1948
Palestinian Woman Watches as Her Home is Demolished
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Syria and Iraq Problems Actual Below
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Syria is a nation that has long been a crossroads for the Middle East, from its occupation during the Crusades to its conquest by France after the downfall of the Ottoman Empire that lasted until WWII. Since the creation of Israel, Syria has been a constant enemy of the Jewish state, highlighted by Syria’s participation in the 1967 and 1973 Arab-Israeli wars. In 1967, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel, one reason why the Syrian government refuses to recognize Israel.
Associated Press © 2005
Associated Press Interactive
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Map of Present Day Iraq
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Ethnic and Religious Makeup of Iraq
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The Liberation of Kuwait
Kuwait, 1991
Burning oil fields, set ablaze by retreating Iraqis, provide an eerie backdrop to motorized U.S. troops participating in Operation Desert Storm, the high point of the Bush, Sr’s, presidency.
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The Sanctions Period (1991-2003)
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Colin Powell and WMD
In February 2003 U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell went before the UN General Assembly to convince the international community that Saddam Hussein was concealing chemical and biological weapons, and to request the approval of the Security Council to commence military action against Iraq. Here he holds up a vial of anthrax, a life threatening infectious disease reputed to be in the terrorist arsenal.
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Consequences of “Peace to End All War”
World War II
Arab-Israeli Conflict
Iraq-Iran War
Persian Gulf War
Bosnia, Kosovo, Serbian crisis
Al Queda – 9/11
Iraq War - 2003
Other Consequences
Ho Chi Minh – Vietnam War
May 4th Movement – Chinese Communism
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