Instructions for Case
Valuation framework
| Projected | |||
| 1983 | 1984 | ||
| 1 | Dollar/sterling | 1.350 | |
| United States | |||
| 2 | Growth, units (%) | 12.0% | |
| 3 | Volume, units | 15260 | 17091 |
| 4 | Inflation (%) | 3.0% | |
| 5 | US$ price/unit | 25631 | |
| 6 | sales, dollars | 438065 | |
| 7 | sales, sterling | 324492 | |
| Rest of the world | |||
| 8 | Growth, units (%) | 12.0% | |
| 9 | Volume, units | 13207 | 14792 |
| 10 | Inflation (%) | 5.0% | |
| 11 | price/unit , sterling | 17284 | |
| 12 | sales, sterling | 255662 | |
| 13 | var. cost of sales/unit | 13521 | |
| 14 | NWC | 30000 | |
| 15 | discount rate | 18.0% | |
| Total sales, units | 31883 | ||
| 16 | Total revenues | 580154 | |
| 17 | Var. cost sales | 431091 | |
| 18 | Depreciation | 10000 | |
| 19 | R&D | 18000 | |
| 20 | Distribution | 13300 | 13965 |
| 21 | Administration | 22000 | 23100 |
| 22 | Total Costs | 496156 | |
| 23 | EBIT | 83999 | |
| 24 | Tax | 29400 | |
| 25 | EBIAT | 54599 | |
| 26 | Depreciation | 10000 | |
| 27 | Operating cash flow | 64599 | |
| 28 | Increase NWC | 30000 | |
| 29 | Capital Expenditure | 11500 | |
| 30 | FCF | 23099 | |
| 31 | Terminal value | ||
| discount factor | 1.00 | ||
| 32 | PV, FCF | 23099 | |
| 33 | Value of firm (sterling) |
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EXHIBITS
| EXHIBIT 1 | Balance Sheets (in millions of pounds) | |||||||||
| --- December 31, --- | March 31, | |||||||||
| 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | |||||||
| Fixed Assets: | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| Tangible Assets | £ | 55.7 | 87.3 | 112.0 | 118.6 | |||||
| Investments in related companies | -- | -- | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||||||
| TOTAL FIXED ASSETS | 55.7 | 87.3 | 112.4 | 119.0 | ||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||||
| Stocks | 56.3 | 68.8 | 62.7 | 76.5 | ||||||
| Debtors | 26.3 | 29.6 | 33.8 | 42.5 | ||||||
| Cash & short-term deposits | 1.3 | 6.9 | 29.5 | 11.5 | ||||||
| TOTAL | 83.9 | 105.3 | 126.0 | 130.5 | ||||||
| Creditors: Amount falling due | ||||||||||
| within one year | 51.3 | 81.1 | 128.8 | 127.5 | ||||||
| Net Current Assets (Liabilities) | 32.6 | 24.2 | (2.8) | 3.0 | ||||||
| [PGDN] FOR MORE OF EXHIBIT 1... | ||||||||||
| Total Assets Less Current | ||||||||||
| Liabilities | 88.3 | 111.5 | 109.6 | 122.0 | ||||||
| Creditors: Amounts falling due | ||||||||||
| in more than one year (a) | 1.2 | 17.6 | 43.9 | 58.0 | ||||||
| NET | 87.1 | 93.9 | 65.7 | 64.0 | ||||||
| Capital and Reserves: | ||||||||||
| Called up share capital | 45.0 | |||||||||
| Other Reserves | 10.3 | 2.8 | ||||||||
| Profit and loss account | 55.4 | 16.2 | ||||||||
| BL Group funding balance (b) | 87.1 | 93.9 | ||||||||
| NET | £ | 87.1 | 93.9 | 65.7 | 64.0 | |||||
| (a) These obligations consisted primarily of capitalized leasing | ||||||||||
| obligations and warranty expense accruals. | ||||||||||
| (b) The BL Group funding balance was made up of certain loans from | ||||||||||
| BL Group which represented the capital and reserves of the Jaguar | ||||||||||
| business before the Jaguar Group acquired that business with effect | ||||||||||
| from January 1, 1983. | [PGDN] FOR EXHIBIT 2... | |||||||||
| EXHIBIT 2 | Income Statements (in millions of Pounds) | Quarter | ||||||||
| ended | ||||||||||
| -- Years ended December 31, -- | March 31, | |||||||||
| 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | ||||||
| Turnover | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
| Continuing activities | 166.4 | 195.2 | 305.6 | 472.6 | 143.3 | |||||
| Discontin. activities | 83.6 | 48.3 | 4.3 | -- | -- | |||||
| TOTAL | 250.0 | 243.5 | 309.9 | 472.6 | 143.3 | |||||
| Cost of sales (a) | (273.7) | (245.6) | (258.4) | (369.7) | (108.8) | |||||
| GROSS PROFIT/(LOSS) | (23.7) | (2.1) | 51.5 | 102.9 | 34.5 | |||||
| Distribution costs | (7.3) | (7.8) | (13.8) | (13.3) | (4.4) | |||||
| Administrative expenses | (8.1) | (11.2) | (14.8) | (22.0) | (6.2) | |||||
| Research and dvpt. cost | (5.2) | (9.8) | (12.8) | (16.5) | (5.7) | |||||
| OPERATING PROFIT/(LOSS) | (44.3) | (30.9) | 10.1 | 51.1 | 18.2 | |||||
| Interest | (3.0) | (0.8) | (0.5) | (1.1) | (0.2) | |||||
| PROFIT/(LOSS) ON ORDINARY | ||||||||||
| ACTIVITIES BEF. TAX. | (47.3) | (31.7) | 9.6 | 50.0 | 18.0 | |||||
| Tax. on ord. activities | 1.3 | -- | (0.1) | (0.5) | (0.5) | |||||
| PROFIT/(LOSS ON ORDINARY | ||||||||||
| ACTIVITIES AFT. TAX. | (46.0) | (31.7) | 9.5 | 49.5 | 17.5 | |||||
| Extraordinary items | (6.2) | (4.6) | (3.0) | -- | (14.2) | |||||
| PROFIT/(LOSS) FOR THE | ||||||||||
| FINANCIAL PERIOD | (52.2) | (36.3) | 6.5 | 49.5 | 3.3 | |||||
| Rates of exchange - Realized profits on exchange, together with | ||||||||||
| losses on exchange, whether realized or unrealized, which arise on | ||||||||||
| settlement of overseas liabilities are included in trading results. | ||||||||||
| Profit and loss account items of foreign subsidiaries are translated | ||||||||||
| into sterling at the average rate of exchange for each monthly | ||||||||||
| accounting period. Assets and liabilities, including outstanding | ||||||||||
| forward exchange contracts, are translated into sterling at the | ||||||||||
| rates of exchange ruling at the end of the financial period. | ||||||||||
| (a) Includes depreciation charges of £5.6 million in 1980, £7.3 | ||||||||||
| million in 1981, £7.2 million in 1982, £8.6 million in 1983 and £2.5 | ||||||||||
| million for the first quarter of 1984. | [PGDN] FOR EXHIBIT 3... | |||||||||
| EXHIBIT 3 | Jaguar Sales by Models and Markets; December 31 | |||||||||
| (in number of vehicles) | ||||||||||
| 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | |||||||
| Model Range: | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| Series III saloons | 13851 | 12,666 | 17,733 | 23,413 | ||||||
| XJ-S sports cars | 1526 | 1,108 | 3,131 | 4,886 | ||||||
| Limousines | 92 | 159 | 143 | 168 | ||||||
| TOTAL JAGUAR | 15,469 | 13,933 | 21,007 | 28,467 | ||||||
| MORE---> | ||||||||||
| 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | |||||||
| Geographical Area: | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| United States | 2,518 | 16% | 5,154 | 37% | 9,971 | 47% | 15,260 | 54% | ||
| United Kingdom | 6,135 | 40% | 5,196 | 37% | 6,415 | 31% | 7,236 | 25% | ||
| West Germany | 1,612 | 10% | 479 | 3% | 839 | 4% | 1,164 | 4% | ||
| Rest of Europe | 3,539 | 23% | 1,229 | 9% | 1,742 | 8% | 1,845 | 6% | ||
| Australia | 140 | 1% | 654 | 5% | 582 | 3% | 579 | 2% | ||
| Canada | 305 | 2% | 375 | 3% | 280 | 1% | 563 | 2% | ||
| Rest of World | 1,220 | 8% | 846 | 6% | 1,178 | 6% | 1,820 | 6% | ||
| TOTAL JAGUAR | 15,469 | 100% | 13,933 | 100% | 21,007 | 100% | 28,467 | 100% | ||
| EXHIBIT 5 | Comparative Data on Selected Manufacturers | |||||||||
| Daimler- | ||||||||||
| BMW | Benz | Porsche | Jaguar | |||||||
| DM mill. | DM mill. | DM mill. | £mill. | |||||||
| - | - | - | - | |||||||
| Year Ended | 7/31/83 | 12/31/83 | 12/31/83 | 12/31/83 | ||||||
| Revenues | 11,943.0 | 40,004.8 | 2,133.6 | 472.6 | ||||||
| Operating Profit | 916.1 | 3,665.8 | 194.5 | 51.1 | ||||||
| Profit after taxes | 291.7 | 987.9 | 69.6 | 49.5 | ||||||
| Depreciation charges | 733.2 | 2,604.1 | 71.1 | 5.6 | ||||||
| Interest expense | 85.3 | 388.5 | 3.6 | 1.1 | ||||||
| Total Assets | 5,799.6 | 24,826.7 | 866.6 | 249.5 | ||||||
| Equity | 2,169.3 | 7,547.6 | 220.7 | -- | ||||||
| Debt | ||||||||||
| Long-term | 652.7 | 7,534.0 | 15.7 | 43.9 | ||||||
| Short term | 207.1 | 1,100.9 | 34.1 | 128.8 | ||||||
| [PGDN] FOR MORE OF EXHIBIT 5... | ||||||||||
| Stock Price (6/29/84) DM | 343.88 | 467.90 | 1003.00 | -- | ||||||
| Shares outst. (000) | 15,000 | 42,313 | 700 | -- | ||||||
| Earnings/share DM | 19.45 | 8.40 | 99.43 | -- | ||||||
| Dividends/share DM | 10.00 | 10.50 | -- | -- | ||||||
| Manufact. volume (units) | 407,507 | 483,359 | 48,288 | 28,041 | ||||||
| Employees | 50,158 | 184,877 | 5,883 | 8,606 | ||||||
| Engineers | 2,000 | 5,000 | 1,400 | 450 | ||||||
| [PGDN] FOR EXHIBIT 6... | ||||||||||
| EXHIBIT 6 | 1983 New Car Registrations for U.S. and Europe by | |||||||||
| Manufacturer | ||||||||||
| Daimler-Benz: | Porsche: | |||||||||
| U.S. | 73,692 | U.S. | 21,831 | |||||||
| W. Germany | 246,160 | W. Germany | 12,176 | |||||||
| U.K. | 13,506 | U.K. | 3,333 | |||||||
| Other Europe | 52,394 | Other Europe | 2,896 | |||||||
| TOTAL | 385,752 | TOTAL | 40,236 | |||||||
| BMW: | Jaguar: | |||||||||
| U.S. | 59,242 | U.S. | 15,260 | |||||||
| W. Germany | 155,683 | W. Germany | 1,164 | |||||||
| U.K. | 25,178 | U.K. | 7,236 | |||||||
| Other Europe | 81,184 | Other Europe | 1,845 | |||||||
| TOTAL | 321,287 | TOTAL | 25,505 | |||||||
| To view graphs, use the commands | [/] [Graph] [Name] [Use] | |||||||||
| and select graph by name. | [PGDN] FOR EXHIBIT 7... | |||||||||
| EXHIBIT 7 | Quarterly Nominal Spot Exchange Rates, 1975-1984 | |||||||||
| Quarter | $/£ | DM/$ | ||||||||
| - | - | - | ||||||||
| I-1975 | R$2.418 | 2.319 | DM | |||||||
| II | 2.280 | 2.340 | ||||||||
| III | 2.084 | 2.618 | ||||||||
| IV | 2.022 | 2.622 | ||||||||
| I-1976 | 1.943 | 2.560 | ||||||||
| II | 1.764 | 2.578 | ||||||||
| III | 1.727 | 2.489 | ||||||||
| IV | 1.678 | 2.383 | ||||||||
| I-1977 | 1.717 | 2.392 | ||||||||
| II | 1.719 | 2.356 | ||||||||
| III | 1.743 | 2.324 | ||||||||
| IV | 1.904 | 2.110 | ||||||||
| I-1978 | 1.863 | 1.998 | ||||||||
| II | 1.860 | 2.072 | ||||||||
| III | 1.974 | 1.940 | [PGDN] FOR MORE OF EXHIBIT 7... | |||||||
| IV | 2.043 | 1.820 | ||||||||
| I-1979 | 2.062 | 1.868 | ||||||||
| II | 2.178 | 1.837 | ||||||||
| III | 2.204 | 1.741 | ||||||||
| IV | 2.209 | 1.725 | ||||||||
| I-1980 | 2.154 | 1.957 | ||||||||
| II | 2.359 | 1.763 | ||||||||
| III | 2.384 | 1.814 | ||||||||
| IV | 2.391 | 1.974 | ||||||||
| I-1981 | 2.237 | 2.111 | ||||||||
| II | 1.923 | 2.396 | ||||||||
| III | 1.801 | 2.323 | ||||||||
| IV | 1.913 | 2.237 | ||||||||
| I-1982 | 1.784 | 2.413 | ||||||||
| II | 1.733 | 2.468 | ||||||||
| III | 1.693 | 2.531 | ||||||||
| IV | 1.618 | 2.374 | ||||||||
| I-1983 | 1.483 | 2.429 | ||||||||
| II | 1.528 | 2.544 | ||||||||
| III | 1.495 | 2.631 | [PGDN] FOR MORE OF EXHIBIT 7... | |||||||
| IV | 1.445 | 2.728 | ||||||||
| I-1984 | 1.445 | 2.603 | ||||||||
| II | 1.353 | 2.783 | ||||||||
| [PGDN] FOR EXHIBIT 8... | ||||||||||
| EXHIBIT 8 | Inflation Rates and Contemporary Financial Market Data | |||||||||
| INFLATION RATES | ||||||||||
| U.S. | U.K. | Germany | ||||||||
| - | - | - | ||||||||
| 1975 | 9.2% | 24.1% | 5.9% | |||||||
| 1976 | 5.8% | 16.6% | 4.3% | |||||||
| 1977 | 6.4% | 15.7% | 3.8% | |||||||
| 1978 | 7.6% | 8.4% | 2.6% | |||||||
| 1979 | 11.4% | 13.4% | 4.1% | |||||||
| 1980 | 13.5% | 17.9% | 5.5% | |||||||
| 1981 | 10.3% | 11.9% | 6.4% | |||||||
| 1982 | 6.2% | 8.6% | 5.2% | |||||||
| 1983 | 3.2% | 4.5% | 3.3% | |||||||
| 1984Q1 | 2.7% | 2.7% | 1.8% | |||||||
| 1984Q2 | 1.1% | 2.1% | 0.5% | |||||||
| Note: Rates for 1975 through 1983 are annualized. 1984 rates are | ||||||||||
| quarterly. | [PGDN] FOR MORE OF EXHIBIT 8... | |||||||||
| STERLING EXCHANGE RATES | Forward | |||||||||
| JUNE 19, 1984: | Spot | 1 month | 3 month | 6 month | 12 month | |||||
| - | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| U.S. Dollar $ | 1.3568 | 1.3600 | 1.3659 | 1.3752 | 1.3940 | |||||
| German Mark DM | 3.7725 | 3.7620 | 3.7394 | 3.7047 | 3.6438 | |||||
| Japanese Yen ¥ | 322.0 | 321.2 | 319.4 | 316.5 | 310.2 | |||||
| INTEREST RATES, | Domestic | Domestic | ||||||||
| END OF JUNE 1984: | Gov't | Corporate | Domestic | |||||||
| Bonds | Bonds | Treasury | Money | |||||||
| (long-term) | Bills | Market | ||||||||
| - | - | - | - | |||||||
| U.S. $ | 13.75% | 14.50% | 10.29% | 11.63% | ||||||
| Germany DM | 8.25% | 8.00% | 0.00% | 6.10% | ||||||
| U.K. £ | 10.81% | 12.69% | 9.08% | 9.44% | ||||||
| Japan ¥ | 7.46% | 7.13% | 4.91% | 6.40% | ||||||
| Note: Domestic corporate bonds are of various terms not necessarily | ||||||||||
| identical to corresponding domestic government issues. | ||||||||||
| JAGUAR PLC, 1984 | ||||||||||
| Harvard Business School | ||||||||||
| Case Software 2-291-531 | ||||||||||
| Copyright (c) 1990 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. | ||||||||||
| Developed in conjunction with MicroMentor, Inc., Cambridge, MA. | ||||||||||
| This case was prepared as a basis for class discussion rather than | ||||||||||
| to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an | ||||||||||
| administrative situation. | ||||||||||
| [PGDN] FOR LIST OF EXHIBITS... | ||||||||||
| WORKSHEET NAVIGATION | ||||||||||
| This worksheet contains the data from the following exhibits: | ||||||||||
| Exhibit 1: | Balance Sheets | |||||||||
| Exhibit 2: | Income Statements | |||||||||
| Exhibit 3: | Jaguar Sales by Models and Markets | |||||||||
| Exhibit 5: | Comparative Data on Selected Manufacturers | |||||||||
| Exhibit 6: | 1983 New Car Registrations for U.S. and Europe by | |||||||||
| Manufacturer | ||||||||||
| Exhibit 7: | Quarterly Nominal Spot Exchange Rates, 1975-1984 | |||||||||
| Exhibit 8: | Inflation Rates & Contemporary Financial Market Data | |||||||||
| The data for the first exhibit are located in the [HOME] position. | ||||||||||
| To view each succeeding exhibit, press the [PGDN] key. For a | ||||||||||
| description of a more efficient means of navigation, press the | ||||||||||
| [PGDN] key now. | [PGDN] FOR MORE... | |||||||||
| OPTIONAL NAVIGATIONAL TECHNIQUE | ||||||||||
| Each exhibit in this worksheet has been named using the <Range> | ||||||||||
| <Name> <Create> commands in Lotus 1-2-3. This allows you to easily | ||||||||||
| move from one section of the worksheet to another. To go to a | ||||||||||
| specific exhibit, press function key [F5], then [F3], highlight the | ||||||||||
| name of the exhibit you wish to see, and press [ENTER]. | ||||||||||
| For example, to go to Exhibit 3: | ||||||||||
| Press [F5] | to select the GOTO function | |||||||||
| Press [F3] | to display a list of range NAMES | |||||||||
| Right arrow key twice | to select EXHIBIT-03 | |||||||||
| Press [ENTER] | to complete the process | |||||||||
| Hit [HOME] to go to exhibits... | ||||||||||
| REVISION HISTORY | ||||||||||
| Date | Name | Explanation of Change | ||||||||
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
| 10/18/90 | C. Lutter | MicroMentor, Inc., Cambridge, MA. | ||||||||
| Created for Prof. Carl Kester | ||||||||||
| IMF, 2nd year, Spring 1991 |
CURRENT
| U.S. |
| W. Germany |
| U.K. |
| Other Europe |
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BMW
59242
155683
25178
81184
PORSCHE
| U.S. |
| W. Germany |
| U.K. |
| Other Europe |
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Porsche
21831
12176
3333
2896
JAGUAR
| U.S. |
| W. Germany |
| U.K. |
| Other Europe |
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Jaguar
15260
1164
7236
1845
DAIMLER-BENZ
| U.S. |
| W. Germany |
| U.K. |
| Other Europe |
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Daimler-Benz
73692
246160
13506
52394
BMW
| U.S. |
| W. Germany |
| U.K. |
| Other Europe |
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BMW
59242
155683
25178
81184