History 4 Essays
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indrev-1.pptxThe Industrial Revolution
Readings: Smith, et al., 791-802, 812-818
Lecture 14
1
The Industrial Revolution
Has its main effects from 1780-1850:
Time of transformation of work
From hand to machine
From rural areas to cities
Created social classes
Workers, the Proletariat
Changed family life
Changes which occurred because of the Industrial Revolution
Migration to industrialized nations
Changed way of buying and selling
Creation of new leisure activities
Transferred balance of power toward industrialized countries
Why ENGLAND?
Science most advanced
Protestantism
Agricultural Revolution most advanced in England
New Technology
New Technology
John Kay—Flying Shuttle (1733)
James Hargreaves—Spinning Jenny (1764)
Samuel Cromptom— “The Mule” (1779)
Edmund Cartwright—Power Loom (1775)
Eli Whitney– Cotton Gin (1793)
New Bottleneck is Factory problems
Factory location because of Factory size.
Fuel problems
England was running out of wood
Coal accumulated water in the mines so that pumps had to be used
Engines
Savery—1698
Necomen—1705
John Wilkinson did a boring mill in 1774
James Watt did the steam engine in 1775
George Stephenson came up with the “The Iron Horse in 1829
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Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
England and the Consequences of the Industrial Revolution
Technology used to transform means of war
1851—England produced 2/3 of the world’s coal.
England produced ½ the world’s iron and cotton.
Problems in factories
Standard of living?
