History 4 Essays
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holocaust-1.pptxReadings: Smith, et
., 946-950
The Holocaust Readings: Smith et al, 946-950
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Genocide in 20th Century
Genocide had very specific form in 20th century.
Armenian Genocide had roots in late 19th century but 1 ½ million were killed between 1915-1923
Used in concentration camps as well as mass deportations
Used Special Organization (Teshkilati Mahsusa) to organize killing
Turks claim it was an action against a bitter enemy during war
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Rape of Nanjing
Japanese killed over 300,000 and raped between 60,000- 80,000.
Like Turks, claimed massacre was a necessary act against enemy combattants
Question: what is moral and immoral in war? Are 20th century wars different in the violence they enacted on civilians?
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Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
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Wanted to purify German (Aryan) Race
Afraid if intermarried and reproduced with other races, the Aryan race would degenerate.
In Mein Kampf, Adolph Hitler argued that it was necessary to exterminate Jews and other “inferior races”
Nazi Policy—Extremes of Race-based Thinking (Eugenics)
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Nuremberg Laws and Kristallnacht
September 1935 Nuremberg Laws—laws discriminating against the Jews, depriving them of citizenship, prevent them from having sexual contact with “Aryans”/Germans
November 1938—Kristallnacht “The Night the Broken of Glass” – Germans begin to put thousands of Jews in “concentration” camps, where they were forced to labor for the Government
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Events during the War
Killing Intensifies
SS Einsatzgruppen (Action squads)
Mobile killing units
Firing squads murdered massive number of people
Buried them in mass graves
By 1941, the SS Einsatzgruppen had murdered 1.5 million people, mostly Jews
January 20, 1942 the Wannsee Conference in Berlin
The Jews were rounded up and sent to Labor and the Death camps.
3 million people were killed in Auschwitz alone.
At least 6 million Jews killed
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The Holocaust
European Jewish population fell from 9,739,200 to 3,505,800
Also killed 5 million other undesirables (disabled, Slavs, gypsies, homosexuals, petty criminals, Jehovah’s Witness, communists).
After they were killed, the bodies were burned in large crematories, but many bodies still evident when camps liberated.
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United Nations Declaration on Human Rights, But:
Genocide in Rwanda
Genocide in Bosnia
Genocide in Kosovo
Genocide in Sudan
Could it happen again?
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