306-Strategic management Assignment.

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Table of Contents REFERENCING GUIDELINES................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Works Cited List ....................................................................................................................... 2 In-Text Citations ....................................................................................................................... 2 Two Types of In-Text Citations ................................................................................................ 3

1. Quotation ............................................................................................................................ 3 2. Paraphrase ........................................................................................................................... 3

Print Sources ............................................................................................................................. 4 Book – 1 author ....................................................................................................................... 4 Book - 2 to 3 authors ............................................................................................................... 4 Book - 4 or more authors ......................................................................................................... 4 Book with editor (s) ................................................................................................................. 4 Book with corporate author ..................................................................................................... 5 Chapter in a Book .................................................................................................................... 5 Encyclopedia Article ............................................................................................................... 5 Journal Article ......................................................................................................................... 6 Newspaper Article ................................................................................................................... 6 Two entries by the same author ............................................................................................... 6 Personal Interview ................................................................................................................... 6 Class Notes or Class Handouts ................................................................................................ 7

Electronic Sources ..................................................................................................................... 7 Web site .................................................................................................................................. 7 Article in an online journal ...................................................................................................... 7 Article in a subscription database (Business Source Premier, ERIC, etc.) ................................ 8 Electronic Encyclopedia article ............................................................................................... 8 Article in a online newspaper .................................................................................................. 8 Article in a online magazine .................................................................................................... 9 Email communication .............................................................................................................. 9 Blog ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Image – Photograph – Graph – Illustration - Map .................................................................... 9 Tables ................................................................................................................................... 10

Arabic Sources ............................................................................................................................ 11

More Information on MLA Style ........................................................................................... 12

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Works Cited List What is a Works Cited list?  It is a list of every source of information that you make a reference to in your report.  It includes books, articles, television programs, Internet sites, interviews and all other

information sources you use in your report.  It is an alphabetical list by the author’s surname.  It is attached at the end of a report. Why write a Works Cited list?  To show what information sources you use to write your report.  To help the reader find more information.  To prevent plagiarism and cheating.

(Plagiarism is stealing a person’s ideas) How do you write a works cited list?  Follow the rules set by The Modern Language Association or MLA style.

 Always list the references in alphabetical order by the author’s surname

In-Text Citations What is an in-text citation?  A link in the body of your paper to your works cited list at the end of your paper or project.  Includes enough information so that the reader can locate the complete information about

your source in the works cited list.  Written next to the information that you take from another source.  May be written within a sentence or at the end of a sentence, within parentheses. When do you use an in-text citation?  Whenever you use information from another source in your paper or project. Why do you use an in-text citation?  To lead your reader to the full information about your source in your works cited list.

 To avoid plagiarizing.

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3 Two Types of In-Text Citations 1. Quotation

 When you use some else’s exact words.  Always written inside double quotation marks: “ ” when the quotation is 4 or less typed

lines.

A quotation helps support your argument by showing that other experts agree with you. Example One to avoid plagiarism:

When you use a quotation, “enclose the author’s last name and the relevant page number(s) within parentheses” (Smith, Jones, and Parks 781).

Example Two to avoid plagiarism: Smith, Jones, and Parks note that “you can shorten a parenthetical note by naming the author of the source in the body of the essay; then the parenthetical note consists of a page number only” (782).

2. Paraphrase

 When you use someone else’s ideas but write it in your own words.  Do not use quotation marks.

Original quote: “To avoid plagiarizing an author’s language… close the book, write from memory, and then open the book to check for accuracy” (Hacker 361). Example of paraphrasing: This is one method for avoiding plagiarism. Experts suggest a reflective approach by reading the original source, then writing down your understanding of the idea. Afterward the original source should be compared with your paraphrase to make sure it is correct (Hacker 361).

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Print Sources

Book – 1 author Format: Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Edition (if not the first). Publication

place: Publisher's Name, Year of publication. Medium.

Works Cited List In Text Moore, Eric. Gardening in the Middle East. 2nd ed.

London: Stacey International, 2007. Print.

“There are many types of flowers in the Middle East” (Moore 26). or Moore lists the types of flowers in the Middle East (26).

Book - 2 to 3 authors

Works Cited List In Text Witten, Ian H., David Bainbridge, and David M.

Nichols. How to Build a Digital Library. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 2009. Print.

(Witten, Bainbridge, and Nichols 35)

Book - 4 or more authors

Works Cited List In Text Mills, Barbara, et al. History of the United Arab

Emirates. Dubai: Motivate Publishing, 2005. Print.

(Mills et al. 35)

Book with editor (s)

Works Cited List In Text Barr, Pauline, ed. Foundations for the Future:

Working Towards Graduate Outcomes. Abu Dhabi: HCT Press, 2007. Print.

(Barr 31)

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Book with corporate author

Works Cited List In Text Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and

Research. With United Strength: H.H. Shaikh Zayid Bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the Leader and the Nation. Abu Dhabi: ECSSR, 2004. Print.

(Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 22) Can abbreviate if appropriate

Chapter in a Book Format: Chapter Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Chapter." Title of Book. Author or

Editor of book’s First Name Last Name. Publication place: Publisher's Name, Year of publication. Page numbers of chapter.

Works Cited List In Text Fontana, Andrea, and James H. Frey. "The

Interview: From Structured Questions to Negotiated Text." Handbook of Qualitative Research. Ed. Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 2000. 645-672. Print.

(Fontana and Frey 646)

Encyclopedia Article Format: Author’s Last Name, First Name. (if available)“Title of Article.” Title of Encyclopedia. Volume number. Publication place: Publisher’s Name, Year of publication. Page

numbers of article. Medium.

Works Cited List In Text “Romanticism.” The World Book Encyclopedia.

Vol. 16. Chicago: World Book, 2003. 426- 427. Print.

(“Romanticism” 426)

 Note: When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of

an author name. Place the title in “quotation marks” if it's a short work (e.g. articles) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire websites) and provide a page number.

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6 Journal Article Format: Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Name of Journal. Volume.Issue (Date

of publication): Page numbers of article. Medium.

Works Cited List In Text Ottani, Ali S., and Farouk M. Messahel, Dr.

"Awareness During Surgery." Saudi Medical Journal 21.4 (2003): 967-970. Print.

(Ottani and Messahel 967)

Newspaper Article Format: Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Name of Newspaper. Date of

publication: Page numbers of article. Medium.

Works Cited List In Text Matthew, Francis. "Shoring Up National Identity."

Gulf News 17 Apr. 2008: 10. Print.

(Matthew 10)

Two entries by the same author

Works Cited List In Text Foucault, Michel. History of Madness. London:

Routledge, 2009. Print. ---. Discipline and Punish : The Birth of a Prison. London: Penguin Books, 1991. Print.

(Foucault, History of Madness 66) (Foucault, Discipline and Punish 32)

Personal Interview

Works Cited List In Text Jones, Peter, Dr. Personal interview. 3 May. 2009.

(Jones)

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Class Notes or Class Handouts Format: Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Class/Subject.” Type of document, Date

handed out. Medium.

Works Cited List In Text Smith, Ann. “BADM 100 Semester 1,

2008.“ Class notes, 15 Sept. 2008. Class Notes. (Smith)

Electronic Sources

Web site Format: Corporate Name or Author's Last Name, First Name. “Web Page Title.” Name of Entire

Website or Database. Sponsoring Organization, Date web page was last revised/created. Medium. Date you viewed the web page <Website address (URL) in angle brackets>.

Works Cited List In Text "Top Bankers Predict Another Tough Year for

GCC Markets." AMEinfo.com. AME Info FZ LLC / Emap Limited, 2010. Web. 7 Feb. 2010.<http://www.ameinfo.com/ 223341.html>.

No title

AMEinfo.com. AME Info FZ LLC / Emap Limited, 2010. Web. 7 Feb.2010. <http://www.ameinfo.com/ 223341.html>.

(“Top Bankers Predict”) No title (AMEinfo.com) or Banking information found on AMEinfo.com

 Note: URLs are no longer required in citations. Due to the changeable nature of the

URLs, MLA recommends that writers only include a web address if the audience is unlikely to find the source otherwise. Always check with your teacher first. They may still require the URL.

Article in an online journal Format: Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Name of Journal Volume.Issue (Date of publication): Page Number. Medium. Date you viewed the article <Website address (URL) in angle brackets>.

Works Cited List In Text Orr, Debbie, and Jacky Cribb. “Information Literacy - Is it Worth

the Investment?” Australian Academic and Research Libraries 34.1 (2003):22-25. Web. 3 May 2009 <http://www.alia.org.au/publishing/aarl/34.1/full.text/orr.cribb. html>.

(Orr & Cribb 22)

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Article in a subscription database (Business Source Premier, ERIC, etc.) Format: Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Name of Journal Volume.Issue (Date of publication): Page number. Database Name. Medium. Date you viewed

the article <Website address (URL) in angle brackets>.

Works Cited List In Text Jacobson, Linda. "An Earlier Start." Education

Week 25.36 (May 2006): 28-30. ERIC. Web. 3 May 2009 <http://0-0 search.ebscohost.com.library.hct.ac.ae. library.hct.ae:80/>.

(Jacobson 28)

Electronic Encyclopedia article Format: “Title of Article.” Title of Electronic Encyclopedia. Sponsoring Organization, Date of

publication. Medium. Date you viewed the web page <Website address (URL) in angle brackets>.

Works Cited List In Text "United Arab Emirates." Britannica Book of the

Year, 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010. Web. 4 Feb. 2010 <http://0search.eb.com. library.hct.ac.ae/eb/article-9433313>.

(“United Arab Emirates”)

Article in a online newspaper Format: Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Name of Newspaper Date of newspaper. Medium. Date you viewed the article <Website address (URL) in angle brackets>.

Works Cited List In Text Gale, Ivan. "Boeing Set to Fly Past Airbus." Gulf

News 2 Nov. 2006. Web. 3 May 2009 <http://www.gulfnews.com/business/ Aviation/10079285.html>.

(Gale) No author (“Boeing Set to Fly”) Abbreviate long titles to around three words

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Article in a online magazine Format: Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Name of Magazine Date of publication: Page numbers of article. Medium. Date of Access. <Website address (URL) in angle brackets>.

Works Cited List In Text "Manufacturing Outperformed Rest of Economy

as Recession Ended ." Professional Engineering 27 Jan. 2010: n. pag. Web. 7 Feb. 2010.<http://www.profeng.com/ archive/2010Articles/January/2221001011.htm>.

(“Manufacturing Outperformed Rest”)

Email communication Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Email Subject.” Message to [your name]. Date of email. Medium.

Works Cited List In Text Garner, David L. “Emiratization.” Message to

Peter Jones. 3 May. 2009. E-mail.

(Garner)

Blog

Works Cited List In Text Johnston, Nicole. "Budget Planners." Business

Resources Blog. N.p., 24 Aug. 2009. Web. 22 Feb. 2010.<http://businessresourcesblog. blogspot.com/>.

Note: N.p = no publisher

(Johnston) No author (“Budget Planners”)

Image – Photograph – Graph – Illustration - Map

 Place illustrations as close as possible to the parts of the text to which they relate.  A photograph, image illustration, graph or map should be labeled Figure (abbreviate Fig)  The Figure should be numbered, eg Fig. 1  The label and caption (reference) should appear directly below the photograph.  If the caption provides complete information about the source no entry in the works cited list is

necessary.  If the graph or illustration comes from a book put the author name as first name last name in

the caption. Tom Jones.  Publication information for books (location: publisher, year) appears in parentheses  Use semi-colons ; to separate information.

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10 In Text (see fig. 1)

Fig. 1. Play-Fighting Bengal Tigers; National Geographic; National Geographic Society, 2010; Web; 22 Feb. 2010. Tables

 Place tables as close as possible to the parts of the text to which they relate.  A Table should be labeled Table  The Table should be numbered, eg Table 1  The source information should appear directly below the table.  If the caption provides complete information about the source no entry in the works cited list is

necessary.  If additional explanatory notes are necessary, use lowercase letters in the caption after the

source information. a. Note  If the table comes from a book put the author name as first name last name in the caption.

Tom Jones.  Publication information for books (location: publisher, year) appears in parentheses

( ).  Use semi-colons ; to separate information.

In Text (see table 1) Table 1 Middle East Internet Usage and Population Statistics

Middle East Internet Usage and Population Statistics

MIDDLE EAST Population ( 2008 Est. ) Usage, in Dec/2000

Internet Usage, Latest Data

% Population (Penetration)

User Growth (2000-2008)

(%) of Table

Bahrain 718,306 40,000 250,000 34.8 % 525.0 % 0.5 % Iran 65,875,223 250,000 23,000,000 34.9 % 9,100.0 % 50.2 % Iraq 28,221,181 12,500 275,000 1.0 % 2,100.0 % 0.6 % Israel 7,112,359 1,270,000 5,263,146 74.0 % 314.4 % 11.5 %

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Jordan 6,198,677 127,300 1,126,700 18.2 % 785.1 % 2.5 % Kuwait 2,596,799 150,000 900,000 34.7 % 500.0 % 2.0 % Lebanon 3,971,941 300,000 1,570,000 39.5 % 423.3 % 3.4 % Oman 3,311,640 90,000 340,000 10.3 % 277.8 % 0.7 % Palestine(West Bk.) 2,407,681 35,000 355,000 14.8 % 915.7 % 0.8 % Qatar 824,789 30,000 351,000 42.6 % 1,070.0 % 0.8 % Saudi Arabia 28,146,657 200,000 6,380,000 22.7 % 3,090.0 % 13.9 % Syria 19,747,586 30,000 3,470,000 17.6 % 11,466.7 % 7.6 % United Arab Emirates 4,621,399 735,000 2,260,000 48.9 % 207.5 % 4.9 %

Yemen 23,013,376 15,000 320,000 1.4 % 2,033.3 % 0.7 %

TOTAL Middle East 196,767,614 3,284,800 45,861,346 23.3 % 1,296.2 % 100.0 % Source: Miniwatts Marketing Group; Middle East Internet Usage and Population Statistics; Internet World Stats, 31 Dec. 2008; Web; 3 May 2009. a. Note: The Middle East Statistics were updated as of December 31, 2008. The demographic

(population) numbers are based on data from the US Census Bureau.

Arabic Sources MLA says to cite the information as it appears in the book (newspaper, website, etc.). This means that you cite the title in Arabic using usual formatting rules. Because your readers may not understand Arabic, translate into English in brackets following each part. Author [English translation]. Title [English translation]. Publication Place [English translation]: Publisher’s Name [English translation], Year of Publication. Medium.

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More Information on MLA Style MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. New York: Modern Language

Association of America, 2009. Purdue Online Writing Lab http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/

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