Which statistical test you think I should use and (briefly) why in the following research scenarios ...

  

Which statistical test you think I should use and (briefly) why in the following research scenarios
 

1. I am interested in knowing whether the percentage of males who are veterans is the same as the percentage of females who are veterans.
2. My independent variable is nominal – whether someone is or not someone is a veteran (yes/no). My dependent variable is a person’s score on the WRAT test of adult intelligence. Scores on the test may range from 70 to 180 and have known means and standard deviations in the population. My statistical test do you recommend that I use?
3. I randomly assigned people to two groups – one group to watch a violent movie and the other to watch a love story. My dependent variable is for them to rate (on a scale of 1-10) their emotion level after viewing the movie.
4. I am interested in whether people of different races (Asian, Black, White, and Native American) assess people’s ages in the same way. My dependent variable is age measured on an ordinal scale on which there is a logical order to the categories, but the categories do not contain equal ranges. (My age categories are under 18 – 30, 31-45, 46-60, 61+.)
5. I asked people about whether there preferred dogs or cats when they were 10 years old. I asked them again when they were 20 years old whether they preferred dogs or cats. I am interested in whether people’s views remain stable over this 10 year time period.
6. I asked people to take the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support when they entered college and then when they left. My dependent variable is a composite score on the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Questions are answered on a Likert score that ranges from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Answers are summed to create a score that ranges from 12 to 60.
7. I know that the average number of children people in the United States have is 6. I want to compare the average number of children among people I surveyed with this known population value.