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References Hazen, K., & Lynch, C., The Role Transportation in Supply Chain, CFL Publishing, 2008.

Lambert, Tim. "A BRIEF HISTORY OF TRANSPORT." A History of Transportation. N.p., 2017. Web. 05 June 2017.

Evolution of Transportation As we approach the last week of class, we will be discussing evolution of transportation and how it has changed throughout the years.

The human foot was the first form of transportation, see all the forms we have now, it is hard to believe that we actually walked somewhere. It did not take long for us to start using different types of animals for the transporting of both people and supplies. Horse/mules or donkeys were the first types of animals to be used back in 4,000 and 3,000 BC. The use of camels came between 3,000 and 2,000 BC. Strange as it may seem today, the wheel was invented in Iraq about 3,500 BC. They were made out of solid wood lashed together to form a circle, after 2,000 BC they used spokes.

The first mode of water transportation was a dug out canoe. To make these a fire would be lite on a log the put out and the burnt wood would be dug out for a place to put goods or people. The Egyptians around 3,100 BC developed to sail boat. These were made of our papyrus bundled together and tied with reeds. Sheets of papyrus were made into squares for the sails or later on the sails were made of linen. These first types of sail boats could only be sailed in one direction, so ya better hope you started out in the right direction smiley. And if you were going against the wind, you guessed it, you had to row that boat. Continuing to refine the boats, around 2,700 BC the Egyptians started be able to use wooden ships to trade by the water ways. These early ships had to be steered by long oars.

The first roads as we all know were good old fashion dirt and what happens to dirt when it rains, yes, mud, think how easy it is to move good and people with any type of transportation in the mud? Covered wagons, were the main way for the rich to travel in the Middle Ages, where the rest traveled on a box suspended between two poles, either horses or people carried these poles. The people were taught to walk at the same pace. Think how uncomfortable this form of transportation would be as they shock absorbers are only yourself. During this time goods were transported by pack horses as well as within a covered wagon train. If and when possible most people wanted to have their goods transported by water so it could arrive quicker and usually in better shape.

Transportation as well as communication started improving tri-fold in the 17th century. The stagecoach was introduced that could haul goods and people regularly between major cities. They were very expensive and had no springs so with the rough roads still very uncomfortable. Around 1663, with the money raised the first turnpike road was opened, it cost just like now to use it but greatly improved the ability to move goods and people. As well during this time the transporting of goods were made easier with the digging of canals; these canals played a major part in the industrial revolution as it made it less expensive to move goods.

During the 19th century the railroad came to be and made transporting of goods and people much quicker. In 1825 the Stockton and Darlington railway was opened, it travel from Liverpool to Manchester only. In the 1840s a huge railway building was opened and travel in most towns within Britain were possible. Branches of railways were opened in the late 19th century connecting the villages within these areas. In 1863 the underground railway was built in London, pulled by steam trains. In 1890, London had

the first electric underground trains after that many other major railways opened such as the Central Line, the Bakerloo Line and the Piccadilly Line and lastly the Paris Metro.

During the 20th century transportation improved to where the first cars appeared after WW I and were becoming cheaper and more accessible to all. Transportation greatly improved during the 20th century. Although the first cars appeared at the end of the 19th century after the First World War they became cheaper and more common. Trolleybuses were brought into running around the 1950s as well buses, both motor and trolley were available and ran on wires overhead. Around 1955, hovercraft came into the transportation realm and in 1962 it was made for people. This type of transportation was very expensive so all the rich were able to travel on any type of aircraft.

Now into the 21st century we don't really know what is in store within our transportation realm with the invention of the drone, like it or not, it is a new way of transporting information, goods and services. As well commercial suborbital space flight is in the formation stage so we don't know exactly what that will entail but it will be something faster and quicker than what we have now. We know that as with any new form of transportation it will be expensive and only the rich will be able to use of afford it but as we have seen, the price will come down and all will use it soon enough. Now think about all of the changes that have occurred throughout the years to make our foot transportation, water transportation, our road improvements, and our air transportation. Now with these upgrades comes cost, what do you think they are and who should pay for these?

Video - Then and Now - Progress of Transportation, Steam Trains, Planes, Cars 31040 HD

Published on Aug 20, 2014

This film shows the progress of transportation, including steam trains, old cars of all kinds, planes, etc.

This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD. For more information visit Periscope Film's Operation Archive