sports psychology wk 1
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sportspsychwkpp.pptx
SportsPsychologywk1.docx
Sports Psychology
In at least 350 words, discuss the ways in which factors related to athletes, coaches, and the environment favorably and unfavorably influence sport performance (10 points).
Resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8s6I9b0dZy8&t=26s
sportspsychwkpp.pptx
Chapter 1
The Science of Sport Psychology
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
What is Sport Psychology?
The application of psychological theory and methods to the study of behavior resulting from or directly related to involvement in sport and physical activity.
Examining the psychological and emotional factors that influence sport performance and exercise behavior.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Defining Sport Psychology
Sport psychology is about describing, explaining, and predicting performance.
Describing behavior: We observe how personal and situational factors influence performance quality.
Explaining behavior: We attempt to explain the causes of performance outcomes, such as poor performance under pressure conditions (choking).
Predicting behavior: We attempt to predict performance quality due to psychological (i.e., personal) and social (i.e., environmental) factors.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Three Factors Influence Athletic Performance: Provide Examples of Each
I. The Athlete
II. The Coach
III. The Environment
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Sample Issues in Sport Psychology
Psychological and emotional effects of sport on the competitor (e.g., winning, losing, perceived competence, stress, anxiety).
Ways in which thoughts and emotions influence sport performance.
Particular characteristics of individuals who are drawn to exercise versus those who remain sedentary.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Sport Psychology Issues (con’t)
Dealing with coaching concerns; how to best motivate athletes, develop team identify, and maintain optimal performance.
Predicting future sport success (e.g., personality testing, skills tests, talent identification and talent development programs).
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Sport Psychology Issues (con’t)
Effectiveness of interventions on improving performance outcomes.
Attempts to understand and, at times, alter the thoughts (i.e., cognition) and emotions of physical performers (e.g., primarily athletes, but also exercisers, rehabilitation patients, dancers, actors, musicians, the corporate sector).
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Shared “Ownership” of the Field of Sport Psychology: Psychology versus Sport Science
The contentious issue: Who should govern the field of sport psychology: Psychology or Sport Science?
Who should be the “gatekeepers” of this field in terms of student education (e.g., academic departments, course content), research, in-service training, professional organizations, certification of expertise, and future growth and development?
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Which Discipline Should Govern Sport Psychology?
A. Describe the issues and factors that support the field of psychology.
B. Describe the issues and factors that support the field of sport (and exercise) sciences, also called kinesiology, physical education, and human performance.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Dimensions of Sport Psychology
Psychology of sports
injury
Psychophysiology
Cognitive
Social
Educational
Personality
Developmental
Clinical
Experimental
Sport and
Physical
Activity
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Social Psychology of Sport
Examining different leadership styles and their effect on team cohesion and individual/team performance.
Influence of environmental and situational factors on sport performance quality (e.g., audience, pressure, competition, coaching interventions).
The role of gender on psychological aspects in sport settings.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Educational Sport Psychology
Influence of proper instructional strategies on learning and remembering sports skills.
Ways to improve speed and accuracy of information processing.
Use of different communication techniques on changing the athlete’s mental or emotional status and performance.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Personality Sport Psychology
Can personality tests predict future sport success?
The relationship between certain personality traits, dispositions, or behavioral tendencies on performance outcomes.
Examples: trait/state anxiety, coping style, mental toughness, confidence, optimism, self-esteem, pre-performance routines.
Effectiveness of talent identification programs.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Experimental/Cognitive Sport Psychology
Effects of interventions on selected outcomes (e.g., performance, thoughts/cognitions, emotions, attitudes).
Determining and predicting the psychological antecedents, mechanisms, or causes of certain behavioral outcomes (e.g., factors that influence sport participation or sport dropout).
The relationship between performer characteristics and both situational and environmental factors that explains performance.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Experimental/Cognitive Sport Psychology (con’t)
Influence of cognitive strategies on performance or other outcomes.
The psycho-behavioral profile of elite athletes.
Psychological factors that improve motivation.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Experimental/Cognitive Sport Psychology (con’t)
Influence of goal-setting on performance outcomes.
Ways to improve intrinsic motivation.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Clinical Sport Psychology
Providing athletes or exercisers with counseling to overcome certain thought processes, emotions, or behavioral tendencies.
Helping participants deal with depression, chronic anxiety, irrational thinking, low self-esteem, relationship problems, and other psychopathological issues.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Clinical Sport Psychology (con’t)
Dealing with drug-taking (the use of drugs OR drug abuse) in sports.
Examples: different types of drugs, causes and antecedents of drug-taking (drug abuse), interventions to prevent or overcome this behavior, including education on the effects of drugs)
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Developmental Sport Psychology
How are the psychological needs of child athletes (under age 14 yrs.) different from their adult counterparts?
What are the special needs of child (as opposed to adolescent or adult) athletes that should influence coach and parent behavior?
Why do some children voluntarily participate in competitive sports? Why do some of them drop out of sports?
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Developmental Sport Psychology (con’t)
What socialization factors related to family members and situations contribute to an individual’s decision to compete in sports?
What theories predict athlete participation in sports?
How do coaches and parents build intrinsic motivation in young athletes so that they find sports enjoyable and want to continue participating?
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Exercise Psychology
What are the personal and situational factors that lead to developing exercise habits?
What interventions best promote exercise participation and adherence?
What factors separate individuals who maintain healthy habits (e.g., exercise, proper diet) from persons who do not?
What is the effect of exercise on personal characteristics such as confidence, anxiety, and mental health?
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Sport Psychophysiology
What are the physiological mechanisms or processes that influence sport performance (i.e., accuracy, speed, steadiness)?
What are the underlying physiological factors that influence sport performance when experiencing stress or anxiety?
How do physiological measures (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, muscular tension) predict performance quality?
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Roles of Sport Psychologists
Clinical Services (usually performed by licensed psychologists).
Educational Services (usually performed by sport psychology consultants rather than licensed psychologists).
Research Services (usually performed by university academics).
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Ethics in Sport Psychology
1. Using the title of “psychologist.”
2. Coach approval of sport psychology intervention.
3. Testing (using proper tests for that particular athlete or situation), ensuring test validity, properly interpreting test scores to athletes and sports coaches.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
Ethical Issues (con’t)
4. Separating clinical work from performance enhancement.
5. Confidentiality.
6. Team role of the sport psychology consultant.
7. Developing trust between the sport psychology consultant, the team’s coaches, and the athletes.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice 5e
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