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included a sample paper
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files (2)artjoshuafinalpaper.docx
joshuaartpaper.edited.docx
artjoshuafinalpaper.docx
Your final paper should discuss 1 artist from each art movement on the assignment outline, for a total of 10 artists. All artists must be selected from the approved list on the assignment directions.
For each artist discussion, you will answer all parts of the 7 assignment questions. You should be able to answer these questions in 1 paragraph per artist.
Your paper should be in essay format, with in-text citations in APA style. Be sure to include a title page and a reference list page in the same document as your paper.
Below, I am including instructions on how to find the assignment outline. If you have trouble finding this document, please contact your instructor, Melissa Anderson, through the "Help and Support" tab on your student dashboard.
Two additional resources that may help you with your revisions are Breaking Down the Questions and the Sample Paper for HUM102. You may access these two documents through the student resource page in the PF library under Art Appreciation at the bottom of the Graded Project tab. Here is the link for your convenience:
https://pflibrary.pennfoster.edu/socialsciencecenter/art/home
A common misconception is that there is a 1200 word limit. This is a minimum, not a maximum. It is important to answer all of the assignment questions completely. Most students finish the assignment in around 2000-3000 words.
Art Appreciation Graded Project
Your project must be submitted as a Word document (.docx, .doc). Your project will be individually graded by your instructor and therefore will take up to a few weeks to grade.
Be sure that each of your files contains the following information:
· Your name
· Your student ID number
· The exam number
· Your email address
To submit your graded project, follow these steps:
· Log in to your student portal.
· Click on Take Exam next to the lesson you’re working on.
· Find the exam number for your project at the top of the Project Upload page.
· Follow the instructions provided to complete your exam.
Be sure to keep a backup copy of any files you submit to the school!
Assignment
For this project, you’ll answer seven questions about artists from ten of the art movements you studied throughout your course. You must select one artist from each of the following movements to research:
1. Neoclassicism
· Benjamin West
· Angelica Kauffman
· Antonio Canova
2. Romanticism
· Caspar Friedrich
· Henry Fuseli
· Théodore Géricault
3. Impressionism
· Berthe Morisot
· Mary Cassatt
· Alfred Sisley
4. Post-Impressionism
· Pierre Bonnard
· Paul Sérusier
· Emilé Bernard
5. Expressionism and Fauvism
· Franz Marc
· Georges Rouault
· André Derain
6. Cubism and Futurism
· Sonia Delaunay
· Alice Bailly
· Gino Severini
7. Dada and Surrealism
· Max Ernst
· Hannah Höch
· Yves Tanguy
8. Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art
· Cy Twombly
· Joan Mitchell
· James Rosenquist
9. Minimalism and Post-Minimalism
· Robert Ryman
· Robert Morris
· James Turrell
10. Postmodernism and Deconstructivism
· Yasomasa Morimura
· Daniel Libeskind
· David Salle
Questions
Once you’ve selected the 10 artists you would like to focus on, you’ll need to research answers to the following seven questions or question groups:
1. What’s the year of the artist’s birth (and, where applicable, death)?
2. Where was the artist born? Where did he or she create the majority of his or her work (if at a different location than this place of birth)?
3. What medium did the artist use? Did he or she use more than one main medium?
4. Which art movement did the artist contribute to? If he or she contributed to more than one movement, where did this artist make the greatest impact?
5. What are some of the artist’s most famous works of art? Choose one of these works. In what ways is the piece characteristic of the movement specified above? (Include an image of the chosen piece.)
6. What challenges, if any, did the artist face that may have affected his or her work? What was happening in the world at that time that influenced the artist’s work?
7. What’s innovative about the artist’s work for that time period?
You'll then write an APA-formatted essay that contains a title page, a brief introduction and conclusion, in-text citations supporting your research, and a reference list. Answer each question using complete sentences. The essay should be a minimum of 1,200 words. However, most students finish the project in about 2,000 words.
Answer the questions in essay format; do not answer them in list format.
You’ll need to find at least one source for each artist from the internet, a library, or elsewhere. Be sure to use reputable sources when searching for information on your selected artists.
Writing Guidelines
1. Your essay should be a minimum of 1,200 words.
2. Your essay should be double-spaced, with 1" margins and 12-point Times New Roman font.
3. Your entire project should be contained in one (1) Microsoft Word or Rich Text Format file.
4. Your essay should include a cover page and works cited page using APA formatting.
joshuaartpaper.edited.docx
Graded Project
Joshua Holton
November 8, 2023
In this essay, I will be discussing ten different artists involved in ten different art movements. Each of these artists faced different challenges based on their period, gender, and race. Many of the artists in this essay also created their own styles of work and used several different mediums.
Angelica Kauffman was born on October 30, 1741, in Switzerland and died on November 5, 1807. Angelica Kauffman started her artistic career in Switzerland, but she is most famous for her work in London and Rome. Remembered primarily as a history painter, Kauffman was a skilled portraitist, and landscape and decoration painter. [ CITATION Ang1 \l 1033 ] Kauffman contributed to the neoclassicism movement. One of Angelica Kauffman’s most famous paintings is Design, which was painted from 1778 to 1780. Design is so important because, at the time of the painting, it was frowned upon for women to work from the male nude. In this oil canvas, you can see Kauffman being forced to study a sculpture of the male anatomy. Kauffman's biggest challenge of her time was being a female artist, there were very few female artists at the time, and it was very difficult for them to gain respect. The most innovative thing that Kauffman accomplished was co-founding the Royal Academy in London for painting and sculpture.
Henry Fuseli was born Johann Heinrich Füssli on February 7, 1741, in Zürich, Switzerland, and died on April 16, 1825, in London England. Fuseli was a Swiss-born artist whose paintings are among the most dramatic, original, and sensual works of his time. [ CITATION The20 \l 1033 ]. Fuseli began his painting career in 1768 with encouragement from Sir Joshua Reynolds. Henry Fuseli is most recognized for his works done in London, most of which he devoted to Shakespearean themes. Henry Fuseli’s most famous painting The Nightmare is said to have announced the art movement of romanticism. The Nightmare became an icon of Romanticism and a defining image of Gothic horror, inspiring the poet Erasmus Darwin (Charles Darwin’s grandfather) and the writers Mary Shelley and Edgar Allan Poe among many others.
CITATION DrN \l 1033 ]. One of the biggest challenges Fuseli faced was when he was forced out of Zurich, Switzerland in 1763 after publishing a pamphlet critical of the administration. Fuseli’s work is innovative because he was one of the first artists involved in the romanticism movement, at the time of his painting The Nightmare the overt sexuality repelled the critics, but later was the subject of Freudian ideas about the unconscious.
Mary Stevenson Cassatt was born on May
22, 1844, and lived until June 14, 1926. Cassatt was an American painter and printmaker. Cassatt is recognized as one of the foremost 19th-century American painters and printmakers and is also known for her prolific career and impressionist work. [ CITATION Mar \l 1033 ]. Mary spent most of her life and career in France where she was recognized by contemporaries like Edgar Degas for her talent, and she became the only American artist to exhibit with the Impressionists in Paris. [ CITATION Mar1 \l 1033 ]. The biggest challenge that Cassatt faced was being a woman in the art industry, during her time women were not offered the same advantages as men, and she was forced to study on her own. One of Cassatt’s most famous works, and largest piece, is the 58-by-12foot mural painted for the Women's Building of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. It was comprised of three panels: Young Girls Pursuing Fame; Young Women Plucking the Fruits of Knowledge Science; and Arts, Music, Dancing. Unfortunately, the entire mural was destroyed at the close of the exposition and is only recorded in a few black-and-white photographs and one colored print of the central panel. [ CITATION Mar \l 1033 ]. Mary’s work is innovative because at the time women were not respected in the art industry, but Mary was able to prove herself and featured women in most of her art.
Pierre Bonnard was a French artist born on October 3, 1867, and died on January 23, 1947. Bonnard was a French painter and printmaker and is generally regarded as one of the greatest colorists of modern art. [ CITATION Sut20 \l 1033 ]. Pierre Bonnard contributed to the post-impressionism movement. Bonnard was considered an “intimist” because he was fascinated and delighted by the scenes of simple daily life around him. [ CITATION Pie \l 1033 ]. Bonnard was famous for the many nudes that he painted, most of which were of his wife. One of his famous
nude paintings is Nude in the Bath. One of the biggest challenges that Bonnard faced was trying to prove himself to the other artists of his time. He was innovative with his work because he preferred to work from memory.
Franz Marc was a German painter and printmaker. He was born on February 8, 1880, in Germany and died on March 4, 1916, in France. Marc became a part of the expressionism movement after meeting Russian-born painter Wassily Kandinsky. Marc joined the group Neue Künstlervereinigung (“New Artists’ Association”) in 1911 and worked closely with another member, August Macke, whose idiosyncratic use of broad areas of rich color led Marc to experiment with similar techniques. [ CITATION The201 \l 1033 ]. One of Marc's more famous pieces is The Blue Horse, in which the powerfully simplified and rounded outlines of
the horses are echoed in the rhythms of the landscape background, uniting both animals and setting into a vigorous and harmonious organic whole.[ CITATION The201 \l 1033 ]. Marc’s biggest challenge was overcoming his depression. because he used a well-defined symbology of blues, yellows, and reds that stood for specific emotional qualities.
Alice Bailly was one of Switzerland’s most radical painters in the early decades of the 20th Century. [ CITATION Ali \l 1033 ]. Alice Bailly was born on February 25, 1872, and died on January 1, 1938. Bailly was a Swiss painter and textile artist and was a part of the futurist movement. One of Bailly’s famous artworks is Trois torses de femmes, which is indebted to Vincent van Gogh’s expressive touch and Paul Gauguin’s synthetism. [ CITATION Ali13 \l
1033 ]. She was also famous for Après-midi d’automne, a wool collage on a cardboard canvas. One of Bailly's biggest challenges was when World War 1 broke out and she was forced to return to Switzerland. Bailly was innovative because she created her variation of cubism.
Max Ernst, full name Maximilian Maria Ernst, was born April 2, 1891, in Germany and died April 1, 1976 in France. He was a German painter and sculptor who was one of the leading advocates of irrationality in art and an originator of the automatism movement of surrealism.
· CITATION Nao19 \l 1033 ]. After moving to Paris in 1922, Ernst became a founding member of the Surrealists. Oedipus II is an example of Ernst’s work and was cast from a stack of precariously balanced wooden pails to form a belligerent-looking phallic image. Ernst is also known for the bronze sculpture Bird Head which is at The Museum of Modern Art in New York. One of the biggest challenges Ernst faced was being forced off to war during World War I to join the German Army causing him deep trauma. Max Ernst's artworks were innovative because he received inspiration from all over the world, including from the Southwest Native Americans.
Joan Mitchell was a leading American Abstract Expressionist painter and printmaker.
· CITATION Joa \l 1033 ]. Mitchell was born in Chicago in 1925 and died in France in 1992. In 1955, Joan moved to a small town just outside of Paris, France, and worked there until she passed in 1992. Joan was a big part of the abstract expressionism movement. One of the biggest challenges that Joan faced was working in a field that was primarily run by white men, she was also known to have an aggressive personality and a drinking problem. Mitchell was also said to have both a financially and emotionally traumatic childhood. One of Mitchell’s famous artworks is Composition, from her “Sunflower” series which sold for $14 million at Hauser and Worth’s Booth. Her work was innovative because imagination must be used to understand it, her work was primarily energetic brushstrokes and very abstract
Robert Ryman was an American painter known for his rigorous formal investigation of monochromatic painting. Ryman’s iconic works examine the limited palette of white on white, painted on a variety of surfaces that include linen, fiberglass, vinyl, jute, and wallpaper.
· CITATION Rob \l 1033 ]. Robert Ryman was born on May 30, 1930, in Nashville, Tennessee, and died on February 8, 2019. Ryman spent most of his life in New York City. Ryman was one of the most important American artists to emerge after World War II, he was considered a minimalist who achieved a startling non-minimalist variety in his paintings even though they were mostly white and usually square.[ CITATION Was19 \l 1033 ]. One of the most fascinating things about Ryman is that he never took a single art course. Robert Ryman was part of both the minimalism and post-minimalism movement. Although most of Ryman’s works were left untitled, they all stood out in the art industry. One of his greatest challenges, I believe, was
getting others to accept his different and unique ideas of art. All of his work was innovative because no one else had ever used white squares the way he did.
David Salle is a contemporary American painter, printmaker, and photographer. Salle was born in Norman, Oklahoma in 1952 but studied at the California Institute of Arts. A prominent Neo-Expressionist artist, his collage-like paintings feature overlapping imagery from a variety of sources—such as magazines, interior décor, and art history—layering figures and patterns into colorful compositions rendered in a straightforward, uncomplicated style.[ CITATION Dav \l 1033 ]. Salle moved to New York after he finished school and he continues to live and work there today. David Salle is considered part of the postmodernism movement. Back in the 1980s, the paintings of David Salle were the essence of hip postmodernism, flagrantly offending any lingering proponents of a modernist era who would have insisted that the creation of an image should be synonymous with the authentic experience of that image. [ CITATION Pri12 \l 1033 ]. One of Salle’s popular works of art is the Green Raft, which shows a headless torso in a polka-dot scarf sharing a rowboat with a chorus dancer's high-kicking leg. One of Salle's biggest challenges was trying to convince the audience of his intentions. The most innovative part of Salle's work is that he claimed to never care about the subject matter.
Each of these artists contributed to a different art movement, whether they realized it or not. Although some of the artists were not truly appreciated until after they had passed their work made a difference in the history of art. Each of these artists was able to overcome different obstacles and challenges during their lifetime, such as race and gender, and made an impact on the art world.
References
Alice Bailly. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Museum of Women in the Arts:
https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/alice-bailly
Alice Bailly. (2013). Retrieved from AWARE: https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/alice-bailly/
Angelica Kauffman. (n.d.). Retrieved from Tate: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/angelica-kauffman-303
Angelica Kauffman Biography, Life, and Quotes. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Art Story: https://www.theartstory.org/artist/kauffman-angelica/life-and-legacy/#nav
Blumberg, N. (2019, May 3). Max Ernst. Retrieved from Encyclopaedia Britannica :
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Max-Ernst
Britannica, T. E. (2020, February 29). Franz Marc. Retrieved from Encyclopaedia Britannica :
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Marc
Britannica, T. E. (2020, February 3). Henri Fuseli, a Swiss-born painter. Retrieved from Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Fuseli
David Salle. (n.d.). Retrieved from Artnet: http://www.artnet.com/artists/david-salle/
Eight Essentials to Know About Pierre Bonnard. (n.d.). Retrieved from Tate: https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/pierre-bonnard-781/eight-essentials-know-about-pierre-bonnard
Franz Marc. (n.d.). Retrieved from Guggenheim: https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/franz-marc
Hayes, J. (n.d.). Henry Fuseli. Retrieved from National Gallery of Art:
https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.2513.html
Henry Fuseli- The Romantic Nightmare. (n.d.). Retrieved from Byron's Muse:
https://byronsmuse.wordpress.com/2014/10/22/henri-fuseli-the-romantic-nightmare/
Joan Mitchell. (n.d.). Retrieved from artnet: http://www.artnet.com/artists/joan-mitchell/
Mary Cassatt. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Museum of Women in the Arts:
https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/mary-cassatt
Mary Cassatt. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Art Story: https://www.theartstory.org/artist/cassatt-mary/
Max Ernst and his paintings. (n.d.). Retrieved from Max Ernst: was cast from a stack of precariously balanced wooden pails to form a belligerent-looking phallic image.
Paulson, D. N. (n.d.). Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare. Retrieved from Khan Academy: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/becoming-modern/romanticism/romanticism-in-england/a/henry-fuseli-the-nightmare
Pierre Bonnard. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Art Story: https://www.theartstory.org/artist/bonnard-pierre/#nav
Prince, M. (2012, December 23). David Salle. Retrieved from Art in America :
https://www.artnews.com/art-in-america/aia-reviews/david-salle-61424/
Robert Ryman. (n.d.). Retrieved from Artnet: http://www.artnet.com/artists/robert-ryman/
Robert Ryman. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Art Story: https://www.theartstory.org/artist/ryman-robert/artworks/
Sutton, D. (2020, January 19). Pierre Bonnard. Retrieved from Encyclopaedia Britannica :
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pierre-Bonnard
Washington, R. (2019, February 8). Robert Ryman Minimalist Painter. Retrieved from New York Times:
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/09/obituaries/robert-ryman-minimalist-painter-dies.html
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